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Effects of re-exposure to SARS-CoV-2 on cellular immune response and pulmonary cell lines: the perspective of an in vitro model
No full textOs autores externos submeteram sua publicação para apresentação de trabalho no evento “International Symposium on Immunobiologicals”, que foi coordenado e organizado pelo Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
Pre-Treatment Neutrophil Count as a Predictor of Antituberculosis Therapy Outcomes: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study
No full text1 Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos (LITEB), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz,
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2 Programa Acadeˆ mico de Tuberculose da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de
Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 3 Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United
States, 4 Laboratório de Micobacteriologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina e Complexo Hospitalar Hospital Universita´ rio
Clementino Fraga Filho—Instituto de Doenças do Tórax da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,
5 Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador,
Brazil, 6 Instituto Brasileiro para Investigação da Tuberculose, Fundação Jose´ Silveira, Salvador, Brazil, 7 Gerência de
Micobacteriologia, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil, 8 Laborato´ rio de Inflamac¸ão
e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil, 9 Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade
Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil, 10 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of
Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States, 11 Secretaria Municipal de Sau´ de do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 12 Instituto
Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 13 Curso de Medicina, Escola
Bahiana de Medicina e Saú de Pública, Salvador, Brazil, 14 Curso de Medicina, Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Salvador,
Brazil, 15 Laborato´ rio Reconhecer Biologia, Centro de Biociência e Biotecniologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte
Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilDepartamento de Ciência e Tecnologia, Ministério da Saúde,
Brazil and the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious
Diseases, USA. The work of AK, BA, ES, GA, AC, MF, JL, SC,
VR, BD, TS, and MC-S was supported by grants from NIH
(U01AI069923, R01AI120790). BA, AK, and JL are senior
scientists from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento
Cientı́fico e Tecnológico (CNPq). MM received a scholarship
from CNPq. MA received a scholarship from Fundação de
Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB). MA-P
received a research fellowship from the Coordenação de
Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nı́vel Superior (CAPES,
finance code: 001). The funders had no role in study design,
data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation
of the manuscript.Neutrophils have been associated with lung tissue damage in many
diseases, including tuberculosis (TB). Whether neutrophil count can serve as a
predictor of adverse treatment outcomes is unknown.
Methods: We prospectively assessed 936 patients (172 HIV-seropositive) with cultureconfirmed
pulmonary TB, enrolled in a multicenter prospective cohort study from different
regions in Brazil, from June 2015 to June 2019, and were followed up to two years. TB
patients had a baseline visit before treatment (month 0) and visits at month 2 and 6 (or at
the end of TB treatment). Smear microscopy, and culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(MTB) were performed at TB diagnosis and during follow-up. Complete blood counts were
measured at baseline. Treatment outcome was defined as either unfavorable (death,
treatment failure or TB recurrence) or favorable (cure or treatment completion). We
performed multivariable logistic regression, with propensity score regression adjustment,
to estimate the association between neutrophil count with MTB culture result at month 2
and unfavorable treatment outcome. We used a propensity score adjustment instead of a
fully adjusted regression model due to the relatively low number of outcomes. Results: Among 682 patients who had MTB culture results at month 2, 40 (5.9%) had a
positive result. After regression with propensity score adjustment, no significant
association between baseline neutrophil count (103/mm3) and positive MTB culture at
month 2 was found among either HIV-seronegative (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = [0.95;1.19] or
HIV-seropositive patients (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = [0.51; 1.20]). Of 691 TB patients followed
up for at least 18 months and up to 24 months, 635 (91.9%) were either cured or
completed treatment, and 56 (8.1%) had an unfavorable treatment outcome. A
multivariable regression with propensity score adjustment found an association
between higher neutrophil count (103/mm3) at baseline and unfavorable outcome
among HIV-seronegative patients [OR= 1.17 (95% CI= [1.06;1.30]). In addition,
adjusted Cox regression found that higher baseline neutrophil count (103/mm3) was
associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes overall and among HIV-seronegative
patients (HR= 1.16 (95% CI = [1.05;1.27]).
Conclusion: Increased neutrophil count prior to anti-TB treatment initiation was
associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes, particularly among HIV-seronegative
patients. Further prospective studies evaluating neutrophil count in response to drug
treatment and association with TB treatment outcomes are warranted
Governo aberto no Brasil: compromissos participativos para um Governo Aberto
No full textO palestrante Marcelo Vidal da Controladoria Geral da União foi convidado para apresentação do trabalho referente a Série Governo Aberto
Evaluation of the degree of implementation of laboratory centralization model in Sudoeste Health Region of the Distrito Federal
No full textO objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o grau de implantação da centralização das análises laboratoriais na Superintendência Regional de Saúde Sudoeste do Distrito Federal. Foi realizado um estudo de caso no Laboratório de Análises Clínicas da Policlínica de Taguatinga e nos respectivos postos de coleta instalados nas unidades de Saúde da Região. Executou-se uma análise normativa, com apreciação dos componentes da intervenção Coleta de Amostras, Transporte de Amostras e Processamento de Exames Laboratoriais, segundo as dimensões da qualidade acessibilidade, adequação e qualidade técnico-científica. A partir destas dimensões, foi elaborada uma Matriz de Análise e Julgamento (MAJ), para determinação do grau de implantação da intervenção. Como resultado, foi obtido um grau de implantação para a intervenção de 65%, o que é classificado como razoável. O grau de implantação dos componentes da intervenção foram os seguintes: 84% para o componente Coleta de Amostras (classificado como satisfatório); 60% para o componente Transporte de Amostras (classificado como razoável); 58% para o componente Processamento de Exames Laboratoriais (classificado como razoável). Embora o componente Coleta de Amostras tenha sido o que obteve o melhor resultado, aquele que mais contribuiu para o grau de implantação da intervenção foi o Processamento de Exames Laboratoriais. No componente Transporte de Amostras, nenhum dos indicadores atingiu 100% da pontuação, o que demonstra que não há nenhum processo completamente estruturado neste componente. Para se avançar na intervenção e fortalecer o processo de centralização das análises laboratoriais na Superintendência Regional de Saúde Sudoeste do Distrito Federal, é preciso implantar o Sistema da Qualidade na Coleta de Amostras, capacitar os profissionais responsáveis por realizar as coletas, validar e consolidar o processo de Transporte de Amostras, disponibilizar os Controles de Qualidade Interno e Externo para uso em rotina no Laboratório, promover atualizações e melhorias no sistema informatizado, além de fornecer estrutura física adequada tanto para o Laboratório quanto para os Postos de Coleta.This study’s objective was to evaluate the degree of implementation of laboratory centralization model in Sudoeste Health Region of the Distrito Federal. A case study was performed in Taguatinga Clinical Laboratory and its related Collection Centers. A normative analysis was carried out to evaluate the Sample Collection, Sample Transportation and Laboratory Testing by the quality dimensions of accessibility, adequacy, and technical-scientific quality. A log-frame analysis and assessment was developed to determine intervention degree of implementation, which result was 65%, classified as reasonable. The degree of implementation of intervention components was: 84% for Sample Collection (classified as satisfactory); 60% for Sample Transportation (classified as reasonable); 58% for Laboratory Testing (classified as reasonable). Although the Sample Collection component had the best result, the one that most contributed to the degree of implementation of the intervention was the Laboratory Testing. At the Sample Transportation component, no indicator had a result of 100%, which demonstrates that there is no completely structured process in this component. In order to the intervention to advance, it is necessary to implement the Quality System in the Sample Collection, qualify the professionals responsible for carrying out the collections, validate and consolidate the process of Sample Transportation, provide the Internal and External Quality Controls for the Laboratory, improve and update the Laboratory System, and provide appropriate structure for the Laboratory and Collection Centers
Distribution of HLA-DRB1 alleles in BRICS countries with a high tuberculosis burden: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textNational Scientific and Technological Research Council (CNPq) [grant number 158967, 2015] and Bahia’s State Foundation for Research Support (FAPESB) [grant number BOL2647, 2013]. This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death worldwide caused by a single infectious disease agent. Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) account for more than half of the world’s TB cases. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) remains the only vaccine available despite its variable efficacy. Promising antigen-based vaccines have been proposed as prophylactic
and/or immunotherapeutic approaches to boost BCG vaccination. Relevant antigens must interact with the range of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules present in target populations; yet this information is currently not available. Methods: MEDLINE and EMBASE were systematically searched for articles published during 2013-2020 to measure the allelic frequencies of HLA-DRB1 in the BRICS. Results: In total, 67 articles involving 3,207,861 healthy individuals were included in the meta-analysis. HLA-DRB1 alleles
*03, *04, *07, *11, *13, and *15 were consistently identified at high frequencies across the BRICS, with a combined estimated frequency varying from 52% to 80%. HLA-DRB1 alleles *01, *08, *09, *10, *12, and *14 were found to be relevant in only one or two BRICS populations. Conclusions: By combining these alleles, it is possible to ensure at least 80% coverage throughout the BRICS populations
Zika virus infection and microcephaly: spatial analysis and socio-environmental determinants in a region of high Aedes aegypti infestation in the Central-West Region of Brazil
No full textThe study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Goiás (Protocol No. 3.057.525/2018). The study analysed public data, and therefore participant consent was not applicable. We confrm that all methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations for the research article. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Goiás under Grant No. 3.057.525/2018. The study analysed public data, and therefore participant consent was not applicable.Background: More than 5 years after the Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic, Zika infection remains a major concern in regions with high Aedes infestation. The objectives of this study were (i) to identify clusters of ZIKV infection and microcephaly, and/or central nervous system (CNS) alterations associated with congenital infection during the epidemic peak in 2016 and subsequently, in 2017 and 2018; (ii) to measure the non-spatial correlation between ZIKV infection and microcephaly and/or CNS alterations associated with congenital infection; and (iii) to analyse the sociodemographic/economic, health, and environmental determinants associated with the incidence of ZIKV in a region of high infestation by Aedes aegypti in the Central-West Region of Brazil. Methods: This ecological study analysed 246 municipalities in the state of Goiás (6.9 million inhabitants). The data were obtained from the Information System for Notifable Diseases (ZIKV cases) and the Public Health Event Registry (microcephaly and/or CNS alterations associated with congenital infection). Incidence rates and prevalence of ZIKA infection were smoothed by an empirical Bayesian estimator (LEbayes), producing the local empirical Bayesian rate (LEBR). In the spatial analysis, ZIKV infection and microcephaly cases were georeferenced by the municipality of residence for 2016 and grouped for 2017 and 2018. Global Moran’s I and the Hot Spot Analysis tool (Getis-Ord Gi* statistics) were used to analyse the spatial autocorrelation and clusters of ZIKV infection and microcephaly, respectively. A generalised linear model from the Poisson family was used to assess the association between ecological determinants and the smoothing incidence rate of ZIKV infection. Results: A total of 9892 cases of acute ZIKV infection and 121 cases of microcephaly were confrmed. The mean LEBR of the ZIKV infection in the 246 municipalities was 22.3 cases/100,000 inhabitants in 2016, and 10.3 cases/100,000 inhabitants in 2017 and 2018. The LEBR of the prevalence rate of microcephaly and/or CNS alterations associated with congenital infection was 7 cases/10,000 live births in 2016 and 2 cases/10,000 live births during 2017–2018. Hotspots of ZIKV infection and microcephaly cases were identifed in the capital and neighbouring municipalities in 2016, with new clusters in the following years. In a multiple regression Poisson analysis, ZIKV infection was associated with higher population density, the incidence of dengue, Aedes larvae infestation index, and average rainfall. The important determinant of ZIKV infection incidence reduction was the increase in households attended by endemic disease control agents. Conclusions: Our analyses were able to capture, in a more granular way, aspects that make it possible to inform public managers of the sentinel areas identifed in the post-epidemic hotspots
Expression, purification and characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen
No full textOs autores externos submeteram sua publicação para apresentação de trabalho no evento “International Symposium on Immunobiologicals”, que foi coordenado e organizado pelo Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
Atividade entomopatogênica de espécies Paecilomyces contra ovos de Aedes (Stegomya) Aegypti Linnaeus, 1762 (Diptera: Culicidae).
No full textO desenvolvimento de estratégias alternativas de controle de vetores está se tornando essencial, devido à rápida evolução da resistência a inseticidas e à ascensão de agentes patógenos que afetam a saúde pública, causando doenças como dengue, chikungunya e Zika. Deste modo, os biopesticidas à base de fungos são alternativas promissoras aos inseticidas sintéticos, pois são ecologicamente corretos e eficazes na infecção de insetos por meio do contato. Embora a suscetibilidade de larvas e mosquitos adultos aos gêneros Beauveria e Metarhizium seja bem conhecida, há pouca informação disponível sobre a atividade de outros gêneros contra o mosquito Aedes aegypti, principalmente quanto à ação ovicida. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a atividade entomopatogênica de diferentes espécies do gênero Paecilomyces contra ovos do vetor Aedes aegypti. Para isso, sete espécies fúngicas foram reativadas da coleção de fungos do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC) e do Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane (ILMD). Posteriormente, os ovos de Ae. aegypti foram expostos a cada espécie fúngica formulada em cinco concentrações; sendo que estes foram aplicados de duas formas distintas. Logo após, a eclosão quantitativa foi realizada e as larvas nascidas, avaliadas quanto ao seu desenvolvimento até a morte ou fase adulta. Em paralelo, os fungos foram submetidos a ensaios qualitativos das enzimas protease e quitinase. Adicionalmente, o comportamento das espécies fúngicas sobre os ovos foi observado por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Além disso, os perfis de proteínas de cada espécie frente aos ovos foram quantificados e verificados através do gel de poliacrilamida. Como resultado, observou-se que todas as cepas de Paecilomyces exibiram micélio sobre os ovos. Curiosamente, sobre os ovos, algumas espécies apresentaram características como formação de mucilagem e decomposição que merecem maiores investigações. Nos bioensaios, mais de 90% dos ovos expostos ao P. lilacinus eclodiram, principalmente nas concentrações mais altas. Já as larvas oriundas dos ovos expostos ao P. viridis, P. farinosus e P. niveus mostraram desenvolvimento tardio e locomoção lenta. Na análise descritiva, notou-se que as taxas de eclosão foram consideravelmente menores em relação ao controle para todas as espécies. E ainda, as formas de aplicação do inóculo sobre os ovos não demonstraram diferença significativa entre si; todavia, a concentração 1x105 conidios/mL apresentou maior impacto em relação as demais concentrações, com taxas de eclosão inferior a 50%. Na análise por MEV, verificou-se que todos os fungos em 48 horas já possuíam atuação significativa sobre os ovos, com conídios aderidos. Além disso, nas eletronmicrografias observou-se a formação de tubos germinativos e de apressórios pelo fungo P. farinosus. E ainda, identificou-se indícios de penetração de hifas das espécies P. farinosus, P. lilacinus, P. byssochlamydoides e P. zollerniae nos ovos. No ensaio enzimático, apenas P. farinosus e P. lilacinus produziram protease, porém somente P. lilacinus sintetizou quitinases. Em adição, no gel de poliacrilamida verificouse que todas as espécies se desenvolveram melhor quando cultivadas juntamente com os fragmentos de ovos; onde observou-se bandas proteicas para todas as espécies fúngicas, variando entre 20 kDa e 250 kDa. Portanto, a capacidade dessas cepas de se desenvolver sobre os ovos do vetor Aedes aegypti indicam um potencial entomopatogênico dessas espécies Paecilomyces.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES.The development of alternative vector control strategies is becoming essential due to the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance and the rise of pathogens that affect public health, causing diseases such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika. Thus, fungal-based biopesticides are promising alternatives to synthetic insecticides, as they are ecologically correct and effective in the infection of insects through contact. Although the susceptibility of larvae and adult mosquitoes to the genera Beauveria and Metarhizium is well known, there is little information available on the activity of other genera against the Aedes aegypti mosquito, especially regarding their ovicidal action. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the entomopathogenic activity of different species of the genus Paecilomyces against eggs of the Aedes aegypti vector. For this, seven fungal species were reactivated from the fungal collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC) and the Leonidas and Maria Deane Institute (ILMD). Later, the eggs of Ae. aegypti were exposed to each fungal species formulated at five concentrations; and these were applied in two different ways. Soon after, quantitative hatching was performed, and the hatched larvae were evaluated for their development until death or adulthood. In parallel, the fungi were subjected to qualitative assays of the protease and chitinase enzymes. Additionally, the behavior of fungal species on eggs was observed by scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the protein profile of each species against eggs was quantified and verified using a polyacrylamide gel. As a result, it was observed that all Paecilomyces strains exhibited mycelium on the eggs. Interestingly, some species showed characteristics about the eggs such as, mucilage formation and decomposition that deserve further investigation. In bioassays, more than 90% of eggs exposed to P. lilacinus hatched, mainly at the highest concentrations. The larvae from eggs exposed to P. viridis, P. farinosus and P. niveus showed late development and slow locomotion. In the descriptive analysis, it was noted that hatch rates were considerably lower compared to the control for all species. Furthermore, the forms of application of the inoculum on the eggs did not show any significant difference between them; however, the concentration 1x105 conidia/mL had a greater impact than the other concentrations, with hatch rates below 50%. In the SEM analysis, it was found that all fungi within 48 hours already had a significant action on the eggs, with adhered conidia. Furthermore, the electronmicrographs showed the formation of germ tubes and appressoria by the fungus P. farinosus. In addition, evidence of hyphae penetration of the species P. farinosus, P. lilacinus, P. byssochlamydoides and P. zollerniae in eggs was identified. In the enzymatic assay, only P. farinosus and P. lilacinus produced protease, but only P. lilacinus synthesized chitinases. In addition, in the polyacrylamide gel it was found that all species developed better when cultivated together with the egg fragments; where proteics bands were observed for all fungal species, ranging between 20 kDa and 250 kDa. Therefore, the ability of these strains to develop on the eggs of the Aedes aegypti vector indicates the entomopathogenic potential of these Paecilomyces species.2023-02-0
Erro de Imunização: um evento adverso evitável
No full textOs erros de imunização são preveníveis por meio de treinamento de pessoal, de suprimento adequado de equipamentos e de insumos para a vacinação e de supervisão dos serviços.FiocruzText
Salud y solidaridad: una alianza inseparable
No full textA interdependência do direito à saúde com direitos sociais e econômicos pode gerar um
círculo virtuoso ou afetar gravemente tais direitos. As ações de cooperação entre os países
refletem, portanto, a solidariedade necessária para a garantia e proteção do direito à saúde
no mundo.The interdependence of the right to health with social and economic rights can generate a
virtuous circle or seriously affect those rights. Thus, cooperation between countries reflects
the solidarity necessary to guarantee and protect the right to health worldwide.La interdependencia del derecho a la salud con otros derechos sociales y económicos puede
generar un círculo virtuoso o afectar seriamente esta lista de derechos. Las acciones de
cooperación entre países, portanto, reflejan la solidaridad necesaria para garantizar y
proteger el derecho a la salud en el mundo