28492 research outputs found
Sort by
Impacto dos envenenamentos ofídicos em gestantes no estado do Amazonas
No full textAs gestantes, quando acometidas por acidentes ofídicos (SBEs), podem sofrer efeitos adversos maternos ou neonatais, como aborto, descolamento de placenta, antecipação do trabalho de parto, malformações fetais e óbitos maternos, fetais ou neonatais. Na Amazônia Brasileira, apesar da alta incidência, não há evidências sobre o impacto dos SBEs nos desfechos da gravidez. Neste estudo, descrevemos informações clínicas e desfechos associados a acidentes ofídicos em gestantes no estado do Amazonas, Amazônia Ocidental Brasileira, de 2007 a 2021. As informações sobre a população foram obtidas no Sistema de Informação de Notificação (SINAN), Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM) e Sistema de Informação de Nascidos Vivos (SINASC). Foram notificados 36.786 de SBEs, dos quais 3.297 (9%) ocorreram em mulheres em idade fértil e 274 (8,3%) em gestantes. Em gestantes, o risco de necrose extensa é 7,4 vezes maior (IC 95% 1,17-47,08). As taxas de gravidade (7,9% em gestantes versus 8,7% em não gestantes) e letalidade (0,4% em gestantes versus 0,3% em não gestantes) foram semelhantes entre os grupos (P= 0,76). As gestantes que sofreram acidentes ofídicos apresentaram maior risco de óbito fetal (OR: 2,17, IC 95%: 1,74-2,67) e óbito neonatal (OR=2,79, IC 95%: 2,26-3,40). Na Amazônia brasileira, as SBEs aumentaram o risco de óbitos fetais e neonatais.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM)Pregnant women, when affected by snakebite envenomations (SBEs), can suffer adverse maternal or neonatal effects, such as abortion, placental abruption, anticipation of labor, fetal malformations, and maternal, fetal, or neonatal deaths. In the Brazilian Amazonia, despite the high incidence, there is no evidence on the impact of SBEs on pregnancy outcomes. In this study, we describe clinical information and outcomes associated with snakebites in pregnant women in the state of Amazonas, Western Brazilian Amazon, from 2007 to 2021. Information on the population was obtained from the Reporting Information System (SINAN), Mortality Information System (SIM) and Live Birth Information System (SINASC). A total of 36,786 SBEs were reported, of which 3,297 (9%) occurred in women of childbearing age, and 274 (8.3%) in pregnant women. In pregnant women, the risk of extensive necrosis is 7.4 times greater (95% CI 1.17-47.08). Severity (7.9% in pregnant versus 8.7% in non-pregnant women) and case-fatality (0.4% in pregnant versus 0.3% in non-pregnant women) rates were similar between groups (P= 0,76). Pregnant women who suffered snakebites were at higher risk for fetal death (OR: 2.17, 95%CI: 1.74-2.67) and neonatal death (OR=2.79, 95%CI: 2.26-3.40). In the Brazilian Amazon, SBEs increased the risk of fetal and neonatal deaths
Evaluando el subregistro de muertes entre personas que viven con VIH en Río de Janeiro, Brasil, de 2014 a 2019
No full textOs autores avaliaram as proporções de subnotificação de óbitos e fatores associados em pessoas vivendo com HIV (PVHIV) no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, entre 2014 e 2019. Variáveis demográficas, menção de tuberculose (TB) e contagem de células CD4 mais próxima ao óbito foram utilizadas para comparar indivíduos que tiveram códigos para HIV/aids mencionados na declaração de óbito (HMDO) àqueles que não apresentaram tal menção. Entre 10.698 certidões de óbito, 2.863 (26.8%) não citaram HIV/aids. Entre estes, 412 (14,4%) apresentaram causas externas como a causa subjacente. Depois de excluir as causas externas, 24% das certidões não mencionaram HIV/aids. Idade acima de 40 anos (OR = 1,75; IC95%: 1,52-2,01), raça/etnicidade não branca (OR = 1,16; IC95%: 1,02-1,31), sexo masculino (OR = 1,25; IC95%: 1,11-1,42), contagem de CD4 mais alta próximo ao óbito (OR = 1,14; IC95%: 1,12-1,16), não ter TB (OR = 4,86; IC95%: 3,76-6,29) e morte extra-hospitalar (OR = 2,61; IC95%: 2,31-2,95) mostraram associação com aumento de probabilidade de não apresentar HMDO. A proporção de certidões de óbito que não citavam HIV/aids aumentou de 18,7% para 35,1% entre 2014 e 2019. A alta proporção de óbitos subnotificados no Rio de Janeiro indica a possível subestimação dos coeficientes de mortalidade por HIV/aids no estado. A mudança nos padrões de mortalidade em PVHIV desafia tanto os médicos, no sentido de considerar o espectro clínico mais amplo na infecção pelo HIV, quanto os especialistas em vigilância, no sentido de aprimorar o monitoramento da mortalidade.We assessed the proportions and causes of the underreporting of deaths among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 2014 to 2019. Demographic variables, mention of tuberculosis (TB), and CD4 cell counts closest to death were used to compare those who had HIV/AIDS mentioned on their death certificate (HMDC) to those who did not. Out of 10,698 deaths, 2,863 (26.8%) had no HMDC, from which 412 (14.4%) had external underlying cause. After excluding deaths from external causes, we found that 24% still had no HMDC. Age ≥ 40 years (OR = 1.75; 95%CI: 1.52-2.01), non-white race/ethnicity (OR = 1.16; 95%CI: 1.02-1.31), the male gender (OR = 1.25; 95%CI: 1.11-1.42), higher CD4 cell counts closest to death (OR = 1.14; 95%CI: 1.12-1.16), absence of TB (OR = 4.86; 95%CI: 3.76-6.29) and not dying within a hospital (OR = 2.61; 95%CI: 2.31-2.95) were associated with increased probabilities of not having HMDC. The proportion of deaths with no HMDC increased from 18.7% to 35.1% between 2014 and 2019. The high proportion of underreported deaths in Rio de Janeiro indicates that HIV/AIDS mortality coefficients in the state may be underestimated. With the changing patterns of mortality of PLHIV, physicians are advised to consider the broader clinical spectrum of HIV infection, and surveillance officers should improve death monitoring.Evaluamos los porcentajes y factores asociados con el subregistro de muertes entre personas afectadas por VIH (PLHIV) en Río de Janeiro, Brasil, desde 2014 a 2019. Se utilizaron variables demográficas, mención de tuberculosis (TB) y recuentos de células CD4 más cercanos al fallecimiento, para comparar a quienes tenían VIH/SIDA reflejado en el certificado de defunción (HMDC), con quienes no lo tenían. De las 10.698 muertes, 2.863 (26,8%) no tuvieron HMDC. De entre ellos, 412 (14,4%) tenían causas externas como causa subyacente. Tras excluir las causas externas, un 24% no tuvieron HMDC. Edad ≥ 40 años (OR = 1,75; IC95%: 1,52-2,01), raza no blanca raza/etnicidad (OR = 1,16; IC95%: 1,02-1,31), género masculino (OR = 1,25; IC95%: 1,11-1,42), recuentos de células CD4 más altos más cercanos a la muerte (OR = 1,14; IC95%: 1,12-1,16), que no tenían TB (OR = 4,86; IC95%: 3,76-6,29), y que no murieron en un hospital (OR = 2,61; IC95%: 2,31-2,95), estuvieron asociados con probabilidades crecientes de no tener HMDC. La proporción de muertes que no tenían HMDC aumentó de un 18,7% a un 35,1% entre 2014 y 2019. La alta proporción de muertes subregistradas en Río de Janeiro indican que los coeficientes de mortalidad VIH/SIDA en el estado quizás estaban subestimados. Los patrones cambiantes de mortalidad suponen un desafío para las PLHIV, así como para los médicos, a la hora de considerar infección por VIH dentro de un espectro clínico más amplio, al igual que para los agentes de supervisión, con el fin de mejorar el monitoreo de muertes
Bioprospecção molecular de extratos vegetais: relato de experiência do grupo BIOPROS / UFV na busca de compostos antitumorais
No full textA Revista Fitos é um periódico científico interdisciplinar, em acesso aberto, sem custos para autores e de difusão gratuita, com publicação em fluxo contínuo, organizado, gerenciado e editado pelo Centro de Inovação em Biodiversidade e Saúde (CIBS), do Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos (Farmanguinhos), da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Tendo a inovação em Biodiversidade e Saúde como escopo, o periódico publica artigos científicos inéditos e originais abordando a pesquisa, o desenvolvimento tecnológico e a inovação em Biodiversidade e Saúde e as inter-relações entre suas diversas dimensões. Os manuscritos deverão ser redigidos em português, inglês ou espanhol, do tipo: artigo de pesquisa, artigo de revisão, relato de experiência, comunicação breve, ensaio, perspectiva, resenha, carta e monografia de espécies da biodiversidade brasileira. Os autores deste artigo não possuem vínculo com a Fiocruz. Link da revista: https://periodicos.fiocruz.br/pt-br/revista-fitosThis manuscript discusses the experience of the research group BIOPROS (Molecular Bioprospecting in the Sustainable Use of Biodiversity) from the Federal University of Viçosa in the field of bioprospecting. We describe our experience on the search for antitumor compounds from the collection of extracts of native tree species from the Atlantic Forest biome. Presenting an interdisciplinary approach, integrating knowledge of forestry engineering, bioinformatics and natural products chemistry, the bioprospecting research of the BIOPROS group has innovated in the generation of pharmacochemical knowledge of native species of the Atlantic Forest. For the composition of the extract library a total of 220 plant species distributed in 57 botanical families and 140 genera were identified. 196 extracts from 49 plant species were produced; all of them evaluated for cytotoxic activity. By showing the process of obtaining a promising antitumor activity withanolides compounds from Athenaea velutina, a species hitherto little known to science, this manuscript shows our sequence of methodological steps used to unravel bioactive natural products from fragments of Atlantic Forest. The research follows the premises of the Convention on Biological Diversity, regarding the creation of strategies for the sustainable use of biodiversity
The role of the iron protoporphyrins heme and hematin in the antimalarial activity of endoperoxide drugs
No full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB). Fiocruz-Inova. PROEP/Fiocruz.Plasmodium has evolved to regulate the levels and oxidative states of iron protoporphyrin IX (Fe-PPIX). Antimalarial endoperoxides such as 1,2,4-trioxane artemisinin and 1,2,4-trioxolane arterolane undergo a bioreductive activation step mediated by heme (FeII-PPIX) but not by hematin (FeIII-PPIX), leading to the generation of a radical species. This can alkylate proteins vital for parasite survival and alkylate heme into hematin–drug adducts. Heme alkylation is abundant and accompanied by interconversion from the ferrous to the ferric state, which may induce an imbalance in the iron redox homeostasis. In addition to this, hematin–artemisinin adducts antagonize the spontaneous biomineralization of hematin into hemozoin crystals, differing strikingly from artemisinins, which do not directly suppress hematin biomineralization. These hematin–drug adducts, despite being devoid of the peroxide bond required for radical-induced alkylation, are powerful antiplasmodial agents. This review addresses our current understanding of Fe-PPIX as a bioreductive activator and molecular target. A compelling pharmacological model is that by alkylating heme, endoperoxide drugs can cause an imbalance in the iron homeostasis and that the hematin–drug adducts formed have strong cytocidal effects by possibly reproducing some of the toxifying effects of free Fe-PPIX. The antiplasmodial phenotype and the mode of action of hematin–drug adducts open new possibilities for reconciliating the mechanism of endoperoxide drugs and for malaria intervention
The gift as a concept of socialization of Olubaje do Candomblé in RIDE – Distrito Federal
No full textNeste artigo o objetivo é tratar da celebração de Olubajé a partir de uma experiência
vivida em um terreiro de Candomblé da Região Integrada de Desenvolvimento do
Distrito federal e Entorno – Ride-DF. A metodologia segue o caminho da abordagem
etnográfica e se propõe a articular o conceito de dádiva do antropólogo Marcel
Mauss à festa do Olubaje no Candomblé do Distrito Federal, como resultado de
nossa pesquisa de campo de terreiros. No terreiro vivido na festa do Olubaje,
verifica-se uma fartura de comida que é oferecida gratuitamente à todos os
presentes, subvertendo à noção consumista e utilitarista do capitalismo atual.
Percebe-se também que dentro do terreiro em tempos de Olubaje, o Orixá que rege
a casa não necessariamente vai interferir nas escolhas alimentares. O que de fato
irá determinar essas escolhas são: o período, as festas e os orixás de cada pessoa.
Isso concorre ainda mais para a explicação conceitual da dádiva comunal sem
intenções egoístas.The objective of this article is to address the celebration of Olubajé from an
experience lived in a Candomblé terreiro in the Integrated Development Region of
the Federal District and Surroundings – Ride-DF. The methodology follows the steps
of the ethnographic approach and proposes to articulate the concept of gift by the
anthropologist Marcel Mauss to the Olubaje party in the Candomblé of the Federal
District, as part of our field research in terreiros. In the terreiro lived in the Olubaje
festival, there is an abundance of food that is offered free of charge to all those
present, subverting the consumerist and utilitarian notion of current capitalism. Of
note, inside the terreiro in times of Olubaje, the Orisha that governs the house will not
necessarily interfere with food choices. Food choices will therefore be determined by
the period, the parties and the orixás of each person. This contributes even more to
the conceptual explanation of communal giving without selfish intentions.En este artículo, el objetivo es tratar la celebración del Olubajé a partir de una
experiencia vivida en un terreiro de Candomblé de la Región de Desarrollo Integrado
del Distrito Federal y Alrededores – Ride-DF. La metodología sigue el camino del
abordaje etnográfico y propone articular el concepto de donación del antropólogo
Marcel Mauss a la fiesta de Olubaje en el Candomblé del Distrito Federal, como
resultado de nuestra investigación de campo de terreiros. En el terreiro vivido en la
fiesta del Olubaje, abunda la comida que se ofrece gratuitamente a todos los
presentes, subvirtiendo la noción consumista y utilitaria del capitalismo actual.
También se advierte que dentro del terreiro en tiempos de Olubaje, el Orisha que
gobierna la casa no necesariamente interfiere en la elección de alimentos. Lo que
realmente determinará estas elecciones son: el período, las fiestas y los orixás de En este artículo, el objetivo es tratar la celebración del Olubajé a partir de una
experiencia vivida en un terreiro de Candomblé de la Región de Desarrollo Integrado
del Distrito Federal y Alrededores – Ride-DF. La metodología sigue el camino del
abordaje etnográfico y propone articular el concepto de donación del antropólogo
Marcel Mauss a la fiesta de Olubaje en el Candomblé del Distrito Federal, como
resultado de nuestra investigación de campo de terreiros. En el terreiro vivido en la
fiesta del Olubaje, abunda la comida que se ofrece gratuitamente a todos los
presentes, subvirtiendo la noción consumista y utilitaria del capitalismo actual.
También se advierte que dentro del terreiro en tiempos de Olubaje, el Orisha que
gobierna la casa no necesariamente interfiere en la elección de alimentos. Lo que
realmente determinará estas elecciones son: el período, las fiestas y los orixás de cada persona. Esto se presta aún más a la explicación conceptual de la entrega
comunitaria sin intenciones egoístas
Morphological Stasis in Time? A Triatoma brasiliensis brasiliensis Study Using Geometric Morphometrics in the Long Run
No full textTriatoma brasiliensis brasiliensis Neiva, 1911 is one of the most important vectors of Chagas disease in the Brazilian semiarid regions in the north-east. The risk imposed by T. b. brasiliensis to the human populations, due to frequent invasions and/or colonization of the domiciles, demands constant monitoring and control actions as well as an understanding of its evolutionary process. In this context, the following research studies the pattern of shape adaptation over time using a large dataset from 102 years of specimen collections in order to identify the morphological plasticity of this vector in Brazil. This dataset was analyzed using geometric morphometrics tools and the timescale was divided into eight different groups, containing specimens from 1912 to 2014. Geometric morphometrics analysis showed an interesting morphological stasis in the wing shape of T. b. brasiliensis, which allowed us to understand the high capacity of adaptation to changes in climate condition through time, and the invasive status which Triatoma species have around the world. Moreover, these results showed novel findings as an interesting phenotypic pattern, with no modifications in more than 100 years, leading us to understand the shape evolution in Triatominae as a vector species of diseases
New approaches for recombinant protein VP1-2A of HAV production and characterization based on liquid microarray assay: application for developing a point-of care diagnostic test
No full textOs autores externos submeteram sua publicação para apresentação de trabalho no evento “International Symposium on Immunobiologicals”, que foi coordenado e organizado pelo Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
Mitigation strategies to safely conduct HIV treatment research in the context of COVID-19
No full textIntroduction: The International AIDS Society convened a multidisciplinary committee of experts in December 2020 to provide guidance and key considerations for the safe and ethical management of clinical trials involving people living with HIV (PLWH) during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. This consultation did not discuss guidance for the design of prevention studies for people at risk of HIV acquisition, nor for the programmatic delivery of antiretroviral therapy (ART).
Discussion: There is strong ambition to continue with HIV research from both PLWH and the research community despite the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. How to do this safely and justly remains a critical debate. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues to be highly dynamic. It is expected that with the emergence of effective SARS-CoV-2 prevention and treatment strategies, the risk to PLWH in clinical trials will decline over time. However, with the emergence of more contagious and potentially pathogenic SARS-CoV-2 variants, the effectiveness of current prevention and treatment strategies may be compromised. Uncertainty exists about how equally SARS-CoV-2 prevention and treatment strategies will be available globally, particularly for marginalized populations, many of whom are at high risk of reduced access to ART and/or HIV disease progression. All of these factors must be taken into account when deciding on the feasibility and safety of developing and implementing HIV research.
Conclusions: It can be assumed for the foreseeable future that SARS-CoV-2 will persist and continue to pose challenges to conducting clinical research in PLWH. Guidelines regarding how best to implement HIV treatment studies will evolve accordingly. The risks and benefits of performing an HIV clinical trial must be carefully evaluated in the local context on an ongoing basis. With this document, we hope to provide a broad guidance that should remain viable and relevant even as the nature of the pandemic continues to develop
Development of a market projection methodology, based on clinical data, for decision making on investments in biosimilars
No full textOs autores externos submeteram sua publicação para apresentação de trabalho no evento “International Symposium on Immunobiologicals”, que foi coordenado e organizado pelo Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis following covid-19: Novel laboratorial methods aiding diagnosis
No full textThe acute form of histoplasmosis usually occurs after the exposition of more than one individual to a common environmental source harboring Histoplasma capsulatum. Here, we present two cases of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis seen within two weeks at a reference center for infectious diseases at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The patients did not present a common epidemiologic history for histoplasmosis, however both presented COVID-19 before the onset of histoplasmosis symptoms. Due to the difficulties in the diagnosis of acute histoplasmosis, novel laboratory methods such as Western Blot and PCR were included in the investigation of these cases. Both patients presented negative cultures for H. capsulatum and negative urinary galactomannan. However, they presented H and M bands in the Western blot as well as a positive H. capsulatum DNA detection in sputum. These results were available approximately 36 h after sample collection, fastening the beginning of treatment of one patient. Both patients progressed well with itraconazole treatment. These cases suggest that COVID-19 may facilitate the development of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis and, therefore, clinicians must be aware of this differential diagnosis in patients from endemic areas with fever and coughing after recovery from COVID-19