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On the brink of disruption: Applying Resilience Engineering to anticipate system performance under crisis
No full textSince January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) grant number 304770/2020-5 and Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) - project number 260003/001186/2020As COVID-19 spread across Brazil, it quickly reached remote regions including Amazon’s ultra-peripheral locations where patient transportation through rivers is added to the list of obstacles to overcome. This article analyses the pandemic’s effects in the access of riverine communities to the prehospital emergency healthcare system in the Brazilian Upper Amazon River region. To do so, we present two studies that by using a Resilience Engineering approach aimed to predict the functioning of the Brazilian Mobile Emergency Medical Service (SAMU) for riverside and coastal areas during the COVID-19 pandemic, based on the normal system functioning. Study I, carried out before the pandemic, applied ethnographic methods for data collection and the Functional Resonance Analysis Method - FRAM for data analysis in order to develop a model of the mobile emergency care in the region during typical conditions of operation. Study II then estimated how changes in variability dynamics would alter system functioning during the pandemic, arriving at three trends that could lead the service to collapse. Finally, the accuracy of predictions is discussed after the pandemic first peaked in the region. Findings reveal that relatively small changes in variability dynamics can deliver strong implications to operating care and safety of expeditions aboard water ambulances. Also, important elements that add to the
resilient capabilities of the system are extra-organizational, and thus during the pandemic safety became jeopardized as informal support networks grew fragile. Using FRAM for modelling regular operation enabled prospective scenario analysis that accurately predicted disruptions in providing emergency care to riverine population
O Manguinho: 41
No full textProjeto:
Desenvolvimento de Tecnologias Sociais para o Enfrentamento à Violência(s) em
Territórios VulnerabilizadosNa última segunda-feira, dia 23 de maio de 2022, O Manguinho promoveu um encontro presencial com duas turmas do Ensino Fundamental da Educação de Jovens e Adultos da Escola Politécnica de Saúde Joaquim Venâncio, da Fiocruz. Nesse encontro a gente apresentou O Manguinho e a Rádio Povo aos estudantes e conversamos sobre a importância da participação dos moradores nos conselhos de saúde.Este informativo é financiado com recursos públicos: FIOCRUZ e Emenda Parlamentar N° 202041600014
Microbial source tracking and antimicrobial resistance in one river system of a rural community in Bahia, Brazil
No full textO uso de antibióticos inevitavelmente leva à resistência antimicrobiana. A seleção para resistência antimicrobiana ocorre principalmente no intestino de seres humanos e animais, bem como no meio ambiente, através da resistência natural e resíduos de antibióticos nos esgotos e no solo. Avaliamos a resistência antimicrobiana em bactérias Gram-negativas de um sistema fluvial em uma comunidade rural da Bahia, Brasil. A água foi coletada nos rios Jiquiriçá e Brejões e no abastecimento de água encanada. Além disso, foram coletadas amostras randomizadas de fezes de moradores, vacas, porcos e cavalos próximos ao rio. As amostras foram triadas para bactérias resistentes à ciprofloxacina, cefotaxima e meropenem e identificadas bioquimicamente nos níveis de gênero e espécie. O rastreamento de fontes microbianas demonstrou que a contaminação fecal de ruminantes e humanos aumentou à medida que os rios se aproximavam do centro da vila e diminuía após a última residência. Bactérias resistentes a antibióticos foram identificadas em todas as amostras (n = 32). Nenhuma bactéria demonstrou ser resistente aos carbapenêmicos testados, contudo, foi encontrado enterobactérias resistentes à ciprofloxacina, ainda que essa classe de antibióticos não seja comumente usada na medicina veterinária dos animais dessa região. Considerando esses fatos, juntamente com o padrão de contaminação fecal avaliado, a fonte de contaminação humana foi considerada a mais provável na interação desses isolados resistentes.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPqUse of antibiotics inevitably leads to antimicrobial resistance. Selection for resistance occurs primarily within the gut of humans and animals as well as in the environment through natural resistance and residual antibiotics in streams and soil. We evaluated antimicrobial resistance in Gram negative bacteria from a river system in a rural community in Bahia, Brazil. Water was collected from the Jiquiriçá and Brejões rivers and the piped water supply. Additionally, stools were collected from a random sample of residents, cows, pigs and horses near the river. The samples were screened for bacteria resistant to ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, and meropenem and identified biochemically at the genus and species levels. Microbial source tracking demonstrated that ruminant and human fecal contamination increased as the rivers neared the village center and decreased after the last residence. Antibiotic bacteria were identified from all samples (n = 32). No bacteria were resistant to carbapenems, but the majority of the enterobacteria were resistant to ciprofloxacin, even though this class of antibiotics is not commonly used in food animals in this region. Considering these facts, together with the pattern of human fecal contamination, a human source was considered most likely for these resistant isolates
Suppression of TGF‐β/Smad2 signaling by GW788388 enhances DENV‐2 clearance in macrophages
No full textDengue fever, caused by the dengue virus (DENV‐1, −2, −3, and −4), affects millions of
people in the tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Severe dengue is correlated
with high viraemia and cytokine storm, such as high levels of transforming growth
factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) in the patient's serum. Here, the TGF‐β1 signaling was investigated
in the context of in vitro viral clearance. Macrophages were infected with DENV‐2 at
MOI 5 and treated with the TGF‐β receptor 1 and 2 inhibitor, GW788388. TGF‐β1
expression, signal transduction and viral load were evaluated 48 h after DENV‐2
infection by enzyme‐linked immunoassay, immunofluorescence, and RT‐qPCR assays.
Total TGF‐β1 levelwas reduced in 15%afterDENV‐2 infection, but the secretion of its
biologically active form increased threefold during infection, which was followed by the
phosphorylation of Smad2 protein. Phosphorylation of Smad2 was reduced by
treatment with GW788388 and it was correlated with reduced cytokine production.
Importantly, treatment led to a dose‐dependent reduction in viral load, ranging from
6.6×105 RNA copies/ml in untreated cultures to 2.3 × 103 RNA copies/ml in cultures
treated with 2 ng/ml of GW788388. The anti‐TGF‐β1 antibody treatment also induced
a significant reduction in viral load to 1.6 × 103 RNA copies/ml. On the other hand, the
addition of recombinant TGF‐β1 in infected cultures promoted an increase in viral load
to 7.0 × 106 RNA copies/ml. These results support that TGF‐β1 plays a significant role
in DENV‐2 replication into macrophages and suggest that targeting TGF‐β1 may
represent an alternative therapeutic strategy to be explored in dengue infection
Resumo do Boletim InfoGripe: semana epidemiológica (SE) 10 2022
No full textSemana epidemiológica 10: 06/02/2022 a 12/03/2022.O presente boletim é referente a análises com base nos dados inseridos no Sivep-gripe até o dia 14/03/2022. Sinaliza que a incidência de casos em crianças apresenta ascensão significativa em diversos estados ao longo do mês de fevereiro, período de retomada do ano letivo, apesar da manutenção do cenário de queda na população em geral. Os dados laboratoriais preliminares sugerem possível aumento nos casos associados ao Vírus Sincicial Respiratório (VSR) na faixa etária 0-4 anos e interrupção de queda nos casos associados ao Sars-CoV-2 (Covid-19) na faixa de 5-11 anos. Entre a população adulta, nota-se desaceleração gradual na taxa de queda de Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SRAG), indicando possível entrada em novo regime de estabilidade, com exceção da população de acima de 70 anos que ainda apresenta queda semanal expressiva, por ter sofrido maior impacto durante o pico do início do ano. A análise compreende o período entre 6 de fevereiro a 12 de março, da Semana Epidemiológica (SE) 10
Prototype of an ELISA on the HRP system using a chimeric polyprotein for the diagnosis of chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection
No full textOs autores externos submeteram sua publicação para apresentação de trabalho no evento “International Symposium on Immunobiologicals”, que foi coordenado e organizado pelo Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
Data-driven decisions in contingency: the role of BI dashboards
No full textOs autores externos submeteram sua publicação para apresentação de trabalho no evento “International Symposium on Immunobiologicals”, que foi coordenado e organizado pelo Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
Second-generation Vaccines: Adjuvants and Booster Doses
No full textOs autores externos submeteram sua publicação para apresentação de trabalho no evento “International Symposium on Immunobiologicals”, que foi coordenado e organizado pelo Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
Informativo nr. 165
No full textBoletim informativo desenvolvido pelo Nethis/Fiocruz Brasília com os principais eventos e notícias. Edição publicada no dia 28/03/2022
Evaluation effect of nanocarriers of AmB on pathogenics fungal
No full textOs autores externos submeteram sua publicação para apresentação de trabalho no evento “International Symposium on Immunobiologicals”, que foi coordenado e organizado pelo Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz