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Evaluation of Humoral Response to SARS-CoV-2 after Two-Doses of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine (Astrazeneca) in a Cohort from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
No full textOs autores externos submeteram sua publicação para apresentação de trabalho no evento “International Symposium on Immunobiologicals”, que foi coordenado e organizado pelo Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
Two-dimensional strain derived parameters provide independent predictors of progression to Chagas cardiomyopathy and mortality in patients with Chagas disease
No full textBackground: Patients with chronic Chagas disease (CD) cardiomyopathy have a high mortality. We evaluated if two-dimensional (2D) strain (ε) parameters provide independent predictors of progression to CD cardiomyopathy and all-cause mortality.
Methods: A total of 408 patients with chronic CD (58.6% women; 53 ± 11 years; clinical forms: indeterminate 34.1%, cardiac 57.6%, digestive 1.2%, cardiodigestive 7.1%) were consecutively included in this single-center prospective longitudinal study. Echocardiographic evaluation included left atrial and left ventricular (LV) function on ε analyses. Primary end-point was a composite of all-cause mortality or heart transplant. Secondary end-point was CD progression defined as the occurrence of changes typical of CD in electrocardiogram, sustained ventricular tachycardia, wall motion abnormalities, or heart failure among patients with the indeterminate form at baseline. Multivariable Cox-proportional-hazards regression analyses were performed to test if 2D ε parameters were associated with the studied end-points. P values < 0.05 were considered significant.
Results: The primary end-point occurred in 91 patients after a follow-up of 6.5 ± 2.7 years. CD progression occurred in 26 out of 144 patients without cardiac form at baseline (2.88 cases/100 patient-years). Peak LV circumferential (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.18, P = .02) and radial (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95-0.99, P = .007) ε, and LV torsion (HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.35-0.74, P = .0004) were independent predictors of the primary end-point. Peak LV radial ε (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93-0.99, P = .03) was an independent predictor of CD progression.
Conclusions: Therefore, 2D ε derived parameters can be useful for CD progression and mortality prediction
Resumo do Boletim InfoGripe: semana epidemiológica (SE) 22 2022
No full textSemana epidemiológica 22: 29/05/2022 a 04/06/2022.Anexo: Boletim InfoGripe Semanal. Semana 22 de 2022.O Boletim InfoGripe Fiocruz reforça a tendência de aumento dos casos de Covid-19 entre as ocorrências de Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SRAG) - que corresponderam, nas últimas quatro semanas, a 69% dos casos positivos para vírus respiratórios. Também em relação ao total de óbitos por vírus respiratórios, o estudo aponta a mesma propensão, 92,22% foram em decorrência do Sars-CoV-2 (Covid-19). A análise é referente à Semana Epidemiológica (SE) 22, de 29 de maio a 4 de junho, que registrou 7,7 (6,9 – 8,6) mil casos de SRAG no país. Em nível nacional, observa-se cenário claro de crescimento no número de casos semanais de SRAG associados à Covid-19 em todas as faixas etárias da população adulta. Para as ocorrências de SRAG na população em geral, a estimativa mostra crescimento de 39,5% na média móvel de casos semanais na comparação entre a primeira e última semana de maio. Na população adulta, a partir de 18 anos, a estimativa é de que esse crescimento tenha sido de 88,7%
Translational research in Chagas disease: perspectives in nutritional therapy emerging from selenium supplementation studies as a complementary treatment
No full textProdução científica do Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos.Translational research (TR) is an interdisciplinary branch of the biomedical field that seeks to connect its three supporting pillars: basic research on the bench, the hospital beds and other health system services, and the delivery of products for the wellbeing and health of the community. Here, we review the five transition stages of the TR spectrum, registering the lessons learned during > 20 years leading to the first clinical trial designed and performed in Brazil for testing a complementary treatment for Chagas disease (CD): the selenium trial (STCC). Lessons learned were: (1) to consider all the TR spectrum since the beginning of the project; (2) to start simultaneously animal studies and translation to humans; (3) to ensure a harmonious interaction between clinical and basic research teams; (4) to include MSc and PhD students only in pre-clinical and basic studies (TR0) or vertical clinical studies using retrospective samples and data (TR1); (5) to identify potential suppliers in the national commercial market for a future final treatment since the pre-clinical stage; (6) to keep an international network of experts as permanent advisers on the project. In the whole process, some perspectives were created: a complementary clinical trial for the opened questions and the construction of a Brazilian clinical CD platform
Characteristics, self-care and quality of life among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Primary Health Care units in Teresina, PI: a cross-sectional study challenged by the Covid-19 pandemic
No full textA Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 como doença crônica de elevada e crescente prevalência, exige uma assistência de saúde integral e mudança comportamental, com base no controle glicêmico e autocuidado. Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil, padrão de autocuidado e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 usuários da Estratégia Saúde da Família em Teresina- Piauí, e identificar fatores associados à qualidade de vida. Metodologia: estudo transversal desenvolvido de dezembro/2019 a junho/2021, com 373 pacientes. Foram utilizados o Questionário de Atividades de Autocuidado com Diabetes (QAD), Medida de Adesão aos Tratamentos (MAT), questionário específico de qualidade de vida, Diabetes-39, e o questionário genérico, EuroQoL self-report questionnaire 5-dimensional 3-level (EQ-5D-3L). A análise dos dados foi expandida e proporcional à população de 15.390 pacientes cadastrados, e apresentada por descrição, análises bivariadas e modelos multivariados de regressão, com cálculo de estimativa de chance (Odds Ratio). Resultados: perfil de pacientes formado por sexo feminino, faixa etária de 60-69 anos, casados(as), que moram acompanhados(as), com oito a dez anos de estudo, aposentados(as)/pensionista, renda familiar mensal de um a dois salários mínimos, não ingerem bebida alcóolica, em situação de sobrepeso, tempo de diagnóstico menor que cinco anos, exame atualizado de hemoglobina glicada e com alguma complicação. A amostra apresentou controle glicêmico ruim, hemoglobina glicada com média de 7,96%. As ações de autocuidado foram mais favoráveis para alimentação geral e específica, cuidado dos pés e uso da medicação, e menor adesão na prática de atividade física e monitorização da glicemia. Houve boa adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso. Pacientes demostraram medo de apresentar complicações, perder controle do açúcar e ter diabetes. De forma geral, a qualidade de vida foi mais afetada pela presença de dor/mal estar e ansiedade/depressão. Conclusão: pacientes sem percepção definida de interferência da diabetes na qualidade de vida, apesar de entenderem a gravidade da sua doença. Algumas variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas, clínicas e de cuidado interferiram nas dimensões da qualidade de vida, o controle glicêmico ruim foi protetor na maioria das associações com qualidade de vida, com efeito negativo apenas no funcionamento sexual e percepção quanto à gravidade da doença. A vivência da pandemia de covid-19 ocasionou maior adoção de hábitos de cuidado, e melhorou a qualidade de vida quanto à sobrecarga social, e realização de cuidados pessoais e atividades habituais.Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, as a chronic disease of high and increasing prevalence, requires comprehensive health care and behavioral change, based on glycemic control and self-care. Objective: to characterize the profile, self-care pattern and health-related quality of life of patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus users of the Family Health Strategy in Teresina-Piauí, and to identify factors associated with quality of life. Methodology: cross-sectional study developed from December/2019 to June/2021, with 373 patients. The Diabetes Self-Care Activities Questionnaire (QAD), Treatment Adherence Measure (MAT), specific quality of life questionnaire, Diabetes-39, and the generic questionnaire, EuroQoL self-report questionnaire 5-dimensional 3-level, were used. (EQ-5D-3L). Data analysis was expanded and proportional to the population of 15,390 registered patients, and presented by description, bivariate analyzes and multivariate regression models, with calculation of the odds estimate (Odds Ratio). Results: patient profile formed by female sex, age group 60-69 years, married, living with someone, with eight to ten years of study, retired/pensioner, monthly family income of one two minimum wages, do not drink alcohol, are overweight, have been diagnosed for less than five years, have an updated glycated hemoglobin test and have had some complication. The sample showed poor glycemic control, glycated hemoglobin with an average of 7.96%. Self-care actions were more favorable for general and specific nutrition, foot care and medication use, and lower adherence to physical activity and blood glucose monitoring. There was good adherence to drug treatment. Patients showed fear of complications, losing control of sugar and having diabetes. In general, quality of life was more affected by the presence of pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Conclusion: patients without a clear perception of the interference of diabetes on quality of life, despite understanding the severity of their disease. Some socioeconomic-demographic, clinical and care variables interfered in the dimensions of quality of life, poor glycemic control was protective in most associations with quality of life, with a negative effect only on sexual functioning and perception of disease severity. The experience of the covid-19 pandemic led to greater adoption of care habits, and improved quality of life in terms of social overload, and performance of personal care and usual activities
Bacterial nanocellulose containing diethylditiocarbamate bio-curatives: physicochemical characterization and drug delivery evaluation
No full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico. Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior. Universidade de Araraquara.Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a natural biopolymer produced by different strains of acetic acid bacteria. Biocompatibility, lack of immunogenicity, mechanical strength and crystallinity make BNC a highly applicable product for drug delivery and wound dressing. Previously, we demonstrated that diethylditiocarbamate (DETC), a Superoxide Dismutase 1 inhibitor, incorporated into BNC bio-curatives was effective for treating Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) lesions, a parasitic disease caused by Leishmania. We herein investigated the interactions between DETC and BNC. For this purpose, DETC was incorporated into BNC and thermal analysis, x-ray diffraction and Scanning electron microscopy were performed. Furthermore, in vitro DETC release and stability tests as well as degradation studies were also performed. Our results show that DETC is well incorporated into BNC, however it is short lived as suggested by degradation experiments. Future use of BNC DETC-based bio-curatives for the treatment of CL shall require further development in order to increase stability of DETC in the bio-curative
Quantitative PCR (TcSAT-IAM System) as a diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring tool for Chagas disease: experience of the Chagas Disease Reference Service of the Instituto Aggeu Magalhães
No full textOs autores externos submeteram sua publicação para apresentação de trabalho no evento “International Symposium on Immunobiologicals”, que foi coordenado e organizado pelo Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
Implementation of a COVID-19 Genomic Surveillance Regional Network for Latin America and Caribbean region
No full textA Rede Genômica Fiocruz é formada por especialistas de todas as unidades da Fundação no país e de institutos parceiros que se empenham diariamente em gerar dados mais robustos sobre o comportamento do SARS-Cov-2 e contribuir para um melhor preparo do país no enfrentamento da pandemia em termos de diagnóstico mais precisos e vacinas eficazes. Saiba mais sobre a Rede Genômica Fiocruz em: http://www.genomahcov.fiocruz.br/The timely release of SARS-CoV-2 first genomic sequences allowed the identification of the etiologic agent and development of diagnostic protocols. Genomic sequencing was a crucial step in generating data for driving laboratory response and detections of SARS-CoV-2 since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Because of all the progression and achievements that timely release of genetic sequence data represents in the public health response, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) in collaboration with countries’ public health laboratories, started implementation of a network for strengthening the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region on timely generation of SARS-CoV-2 genomic data. Here we describe the implementation of the COVID-19 Genomic Surveillance Regional Network in the Americas region during the beginning of the pandemic. The establishment of this network has strengthened laboratory response capacity at the country level, as well as facilitated timely release of SARS-CoV-2 genomic information to be used to complement the multiple response strategies for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation. As genomic epidemiology is useful for guiding public health decisions on outbreak and response, we also analysed the first SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequence data from countries of the Latin America and Caribbean Region
Health of the female prison population of Marabá
No full textPesquisa realizada com as mulheres privadas de liberdade no município de Marabá (PA), dando enfoque às questões relacionadas à saúde. Teve como objetivo geral analisar as condições de vida e de saúde dessas mulheres, tendo como objetivos específicos: descrever as principais doenças que acometem as mulheres dentro do ambiente prisional no município de Marabá (PA); descrever o perfil sociodemográfico da população estudada, e; investigar a percepção dessas mulheres sobre as condições de acesso aos serviços de saúde prisional. Estudo misto mediante aplicação de questionário com 38 mulheres, seguida de entrevista com roteiro semiestruturado com cinco mulheres. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre outubro de 2020 e julho de 2021. Os dados do questionário foram analisados estatisticamente, utilizando-se o software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences versão 19 (SPSS 19.0), e as entrevistas foram analisadas pela proposta de Bardin (2008) para análise de conteúdo temática. Emergiram três categorias temáticas principais: “A história pregressa”, “O ambiente prisional” e “A saúde das mulheres no sistema prisional”. As principais doenças identificadas que acometem as mulheres dentro do ambiente prisional no município de Marabá (PA) foram frequentes dores no pescoço, costas ou coluna (60,5%), dores de cabeça frequentes e enxaqueca (57,9%), defeito na visão (44,7%), indigestão frequente (28,9%) e constipação frequente (28,9%). Essas mulheres têm média de 32,9 anos, são solteiras (60,5%), declaram-se pardas (71,1%), têm média de 2,7 filhos, e possuem, pelo menos, o nível médio incompleto (52,6%), mantém bom vínculo familiar com sua família (76,3%), sendo a maioria do Pará, 58% estão sob acusação de crimes ligados à morte das vítimas (homicídio e latrocínio), já sentenciadas (60,5%) e com média de 18,8 anos de condenação. O adoecimento mental da população do estudo configura-se como um dos principais achados desta pesquisa: ainda que o CRFM, aparentemente, seja caracterizado como uma unidade prisional próxima do ideal, os sintomas relacionados às doenças mentais se expressam de maneira significativa entre as mulheres que participaram do estudo, e isso pode apontar para uma questão de que o próprio aprisionamento por si só, independente da qualidade de suas condições estruturais, impacta negativamente na saúde mental da população privada de liberdade. Estudos desse tipo são importantes para se conhecer e tentar compreender a forma como essas mulheres vivenciam o aprisionamento nos diferentes lugares do Brasil e, a partir desse diagnóstico situacional, verificar possibilidades de intervenções de melhorias para todos os envolvidos na realidade prisional.This research general purpose is analyzing the living and health conditions of women incarcerated in the penitentiary system in Marabá, State of Pará. The specific objectives are: to describe the main diseases that affect women within the prison environment; describe the sociodemographic profile of the population studied and to investigate the perception of these women about the conditions of access to prison health services. We conducted this research with female prisoners, focusing on health-related issues. This is a mixed study with the application of a questionnaire to 38 women, followed by an interview with five women with a semi-structured script. Data collection took place between October 2020 and July 2021. We analyzed the questionnaire data statistically using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software, version 19 (SPSS 19.0). We analyzed the interviews according to Bardin's (2008) proposal for thematic content analysis. Then, three main thematic categories emerged, namely “The past history”, “The prison environment” and “The health of women in the prison system”. We identified that the main diseases that affect women within the prison environment are: frequent neck, back or spine pain (60.5%), frequent headaches and migraine (57.9%), vision defect (44.7%) %), frequent indigestion (28.9%) and frequent constipation (28.9%). These women have an average age of 32.9 years, are single (60.5%), declare themselves to be brown (71.1%), have an average of 2.7 children, and have at least an incomplete high school education. (52.6%). They maintain good family ties with their families (76.3%), and they are the majority from Pará. Among them, 58% are accused of crimes related to the death of victims (murder and robbery), already sentenced (60.5%) and with an average of 18.8 years of conviction. The mental illness of the study population is one of the main findings of this research: even though the Women's Reeducation Center of Marabá (CRFM) is characterized as a prison unit close to ideal, the symptoms related to mental illnesses are expressed in a significant way among the women who participated in the study, and this may point to the issue that imprisonment itself has a negative impact on the mental health of the population deprived of freedom, regardless of the quality of their structural conditions. Studies like this are important so that we can get to know and try to understand the way these women experience imprisonment in different places in Brazil, in addition to verifying possibilities of interventions for improvement for all those involved in the prison reality
Cadernos CRIS - Fiocruz: Saúde Global e Diplomacia da Saúde - Informe 2 - Fevereiro - 2022
No full textInforme 2 produzido pelo CRIS-Fiocruz, sobre a semana de 1 a 14 de fevereiro de 2022.Uma quinzena minada de incertezas na geopolítica internacional. Europa, Estados Unidos, Rússia e China numa guerra de posições em torno da Ucrânia, que é muito mais do que apenas isso, num teatro de operações em que todos querem ganhar adeptos e sair bem na foto, com uma troca intensa de visitas, promessas não cumpridas e blefes. Esse mesmo clima de desconfiança e compromissos não cumpridos das lideranças globais se reflete na gestão global da pandemia e nas negociações sociais, ambientais e de saúde