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Etarismo e serviço público: desafios em gestão de pessoas e saúde do trabalhador
No full textO envelhecimento da força de trabalho e o alongamento da vida laboral trazem desafios ao mundo do trabalho. Os organismos internacionais, como Organização Mundial da Saúde, Organização das Nações Unidas e a Organização Internacional do Trabalho propõem estratégias de combate ao etarismo, que vêm sendo objeto de atenção e ação em Saúde do Trabalhador na Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. O presente artigo tem como objetivo discorrer sobre o fenômeno do etarismo institucional no trabalho, fator produtor de desigualdades, injustiça, adoecimento e custos sociais, tendo como base a produção recente das organizações internacionais a respeito da temática e a atuação profissional das autoras junto a trabalhadores mais velhos em instituição pública federal em programa inovador em Saúde do Trabalhador, que tem entre suas ações transversais o combate ao etarismo
CoronaFatos: Entrevista - Fiocruz e Covid
No full textFicha técnica: Apresentação: Ana Cristina Figueira | Produção e Direção: Valéria Mauro | Edição e Finalização: Marcelo Louro | Arte: Marcelo Vianna.Este episódio do Coronafatos Entrevista, gravado em 21 de dezembro de 2021, traz a presidente da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz) Nísia Trindade Lima para uma conversa sobre a atuação da instituição durante a pandemia de Covid-19. O programa apresenta uma conversa sobre os desafios e resultados de uma gestão competente que é marca de uma das mais importantes instituições científicas do mundo
Identification of naturally immunogenic B-cell epitopes in Leptospira secreted metalloproteases: novel and promising targets to multi-epitopes vaccines against leptospirosis
No full textOs autores externos submeteram sua publicação para apresentação de trabalho no evento “International Symposium on Immunobiologicals”, que foi coordenado e organizado pelo Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
Selenium, TGF-Beta and infectious endemic cardiopathy: lessons from benchwork to clinical application in Chagas disease
No full textProdução científica do Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática (vigente até jan/2023).Produção científica do Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos.For over 60 years, selenium (Se) has been known as an essential microelement to many biological functions, including cardiovascular homeostasis. This review presents a compilation of studies conducted in the past 20 years related to chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy (CCC), caused by Trypanosoma cruzi infection, a neglected disease that represents a global burden, especially in Latin America. Experimental and clinical data indicate that Se may be used as a complementary therapy to prevent heart failure and improve heart function. Starting from the main questions "Is Se deficiency related to heart inflammation and arrhythmogenesis in CCC?" and "Could Se be recommended as a therapeutic strategy for CCC?", we show evidence implicating the complex and multidetermined CCC physiopathology, discussing its possible interplays with the multifunctional cytokine TGF-β as regulators of immune response and fibrosis. We present two new proposals to face this global public health challenge in vulnerable populations affected by this parasitic disease: fibrosis modulation mediated by TGF-β pathways and the possible use of selenoproteins as antioxidants regulating the increased reactive oxygen stress present in CCC inflammatory environments. We assess the opportunity to consider the beneficial effects of Se in preventing heart failure as a concept to be applied for CCC patients
Um surto de chikungunya em uma comunidade religiosa unida que abriga pessoas em situação de rua em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
No full textObjetivo(s): To investigate an outbreak of chikungunya in a religious community that shelters people experiencing homelessness in Salvador-BA. Material e Métodos: On November 24, 2019, the Salvador Health Surveillance (CIEVS) was informed of 15 cases suspected of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection in a religious community that hosts people experiencing homelessness and stores residuals for recycling. Up to January 31, 2020, 56 out of the 57 community members who lived or had visited the community were interviewed, tested for CHIKV (IgM and IgG ELISA and RT-PCR), and received medical care. Entomological surveys were carried out, and pools of adult mosquitoes were tested by RT-PCR. Eight human and two mosquito pool samples underwent whole-genome sequencing by Illumina platform. Some control actions were made such as breeding site removal, application of larvicides and insecticides, repellents distribution and education (Ethics Committee approval number: 55904616.4.0000.0040). Resultados e Conclusão: Of the 56 participants investigated, 11 had evidence of prior CHIKV infection (positive IgG and negative IgM). All remained symptoms-free. Of the other 45 individuals, 36 developed acute manifestations and had laboratory confirmation (15 by RT-PCR, two by RT-PCR and IgM, nine by IgM, and ten by IgM and IgG). The community attack rate among non-immune to the CHIKV was 80% (36/45). Of the nine individuals who remained asymptomatic, only one had IgM and IgG antibodies, which likely represent an asymptomatic infection; all the other eight were negative. Of the 37 confirmed
infections, 36 (97.3%) were symptomatic. These 36 cases had a median age of 45 years and 58.6% were male. Fever was reported by 97.2% and arthralgia by 86.1%. The entomological inspection collected 419 adult mosquitoes (369 (88.1%) Aedes aegypti), which comprised 93 pools for RT-PCR testing. Of them, 13 (14%) were positive: 6 of Ae. aegypti, 5 of Culex quinquefasciatus, and 2 of Ae. scapularis. Phylogenetic analysis of human and mosquito pool samples showed that they have the same ECSA ancestor and were clustered in the same clade. Despite the control actions implemented, this local outbreak continued, reaching an extremely high attack rate and causing symptoms in 97% of those infected. A single ECSA strain caused the outbreak. Our findings highlight the risk of rapid CHIKV spread in areas highly infested by Ae. aegypti and point to the difficulty of controlling an outbreak in such a setting
Different factors associated with seropositivity for Leptospira kirschneri Cynopteri and Leptospira interrogans Copenhageni in residents of low-income communities in Salvador, Brazil
No full textIntrodução: A leptospirose é uma zoonose causada por espécies patogênicas de bactérias pertencentes ao gênero Leptospira, que apresenta uma ampla gama de manifestações clínicas. A maioria dos estudos em ambientes urbanos se concentra em um único sorogrupo/sorovar e não considera os padrões epidemiológicos de outros sorogrupos co-circulantes. Objetivo(s): Estimar os fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos e ambientais associados à cocirculação
dos sorovares Leptospira kirschneri Cynopteri e Leptospira interrogans Copenhageni em residentes de comunidades urbanas de baixa renda de Salvador, Brasil. Material e Métodos: Realizamos um estudo sorológico transversal em cinco comunidades de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Durante os anos de 2018, 2020 e 2021, recrutamos 2.009 moradores e coletamos amostras de sangue para análise sorológica por meio de ensaios de microaglutinação (MAT). Usamos
modelo de regressão logística multinomial de efeito misto para identificar fatores de risco associados à soropositividade para cada sorovar. Resultados e Conclusão: As características associadas à positividade para o sorovar Cynopteri incluíram idade em anos (OR 1,03; IC 1,01-1,06), morar em casa com paredes não rebocadas (tijolo exposto) (OR 1,68; IC 1,09-2,59) e presença de gatos próximos à residência (OR 2,00 ; IC 1,03-3,88). Considerando que a soropositividade para o sorovar Copenhageni foi associada à idade em anos (OR 1,02; IC 1,01-1,03), sexo masculino (OR 1,51; IC 1,09-2,10), exposições relacionadas ao trabalho (OR 1,71; IC 1,10-2,66) e contato com esgoto (OR 1,42; IC 1,00-2,03). Nossos dados sugerem padrões epidemiológicos distintos especificamente associados à Copenhageni e Cynopteri. Estudos futuros devem identificar os diferentes sorovares patogênicos que circulam em áreas de baixa renda e avaliar ainda mais o papel potencial dos gatos na epidemiologia do sorovar Cynopteri em ambientes urbanos
Proteolytic inhibitors as alternative medicines to treat trypanosomatid-caused diseases: experience with calpain inhibitors
No full textThe treatment for tropical neglected diseases, such as Chagas disease (CD) and leishmaniasis, is extremely limited to a handful of drugs that suffer from unacceptable toxicity, tough administration routes, like parenteral, and increasing treatment failures due to the parasite resistance. Consequently, there is urgency for the development of new therapeutic options to treat such diseases. Since peptidases from these parasites are responsible for crucial functions in their biology, these molecules have been explored as alternative targets. In this context, a myriad of proteolytic inhibitors has been developed against calciumdependent cysteine-type peptidases, collectively called calpains, which are implicated in several human pathophysiological diseases. These molecules are highly expanded in the genome of trypanosomatids and they have been reported participating in several parasite biological processes. In the present perspective, we discuss our almost two decades of experience employing the calpain inhibitors as an interesting shortcut to a possible repurpose strategy to treat CD and leishmaniasis
Pathway driven target selection in klebsiella pneumoniae: insights into carbapenem exposure
No full textAgencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica. Universidade de Buenos Aires. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico. Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior. CONICET.Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-KP) represents an emerging threat to public health. CR-KP infections result in elevated morbidity and mortality. This fact, coupled with their global dissemination and increasingly limited number of therapeutic options, highlights the urgency of novel antimicrobials. Innovative strategies linking genome-wide interrogation with multi-layered metabolic data integration can accelerate the early steps of drug development, particularly target selection. Using the BioCyc ontology, we generated and manually refined a metabolic network for a CR-KP, K. pneumoniae Kp13. Converted into a reaction graph, we conducted topological-based analyses in this network to prioritize pathways exhibiting druggable features and fragile metabolic points likely exploitable to develop novel antimicrobials. Our results point to the aptness of previously recognized pathways, such as lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan synthesis, and casts light on the possibility of targeting less explored cellular functions. These functions include the production of lipoate, trehalose, glycine betaine, and flavin, as well as the salvaging of methionine. Energy metabolism pathways emerged as attractive targets in the context of carbapenem exposure, targeted either alone or in conjunction with current therapeutic options. These results prompt further experimental investigation aimed at controlling this highly relevant pathogen
Polarization of Microglia and Its Therapeutic Potential in Sepsis
No full textSepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to
infection, leaving the inflammation process without a proper resolution, leading to tissue damage
and possibly sequelae. The central nervous system (CNS) is one of the first regions affected by the
peripheral inflammation caused by sepsis, exposing the neurons to an environment of oxidative
stress, triggering neuronal dysfunction and apoptosis. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is the
most frequent sepsis-associated organ dysfunction, with symptoms such as deliriums, seizures, and
coma, linked to increased mortality, morbidity, and cognitive disability. However, the current therapy
does not avoid those patients’ symptoms, evidencing the search for a more optimal approach. Herein
we focus on microglia as a prominent therapeutic target due to its multiple functions maintaining
CNS homeostasis and its polarizing capabilities, stimulating and resolving neuroinflammation
depending on the stimuli. Microglia polarization is a target of multiple studies involving nerve cell
preservation in diseases caused or aggravated by neuroinflammation, but in sepsis, its therapeutic
potential is overlooked. We highlight the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR
)
neuroprotective properties, its role in microglia polarization and inflammation resolution, and the
interaction with nuclear factor- B (NF- B) and mitogen-activated kinases (MAPK), making PPAR
a
molecular target for sepsis-related studies to come
Resumo do Boletim InfoGripe: semana epidemiológica (SE) 05 2022
No full textSemana epidemiológica 05: 30/01/2022 a 05/02/2022.O presente boletim é referente a análises com base nos dados inseridos no Sivep-gripe até o dia 31/01/2022. Semana epidemiológica 05: 30/01/2022 à 05/02/2022. Apresentamos análises nacional, por região geopolítica, por regional baseada em perfil de atividade, e por UF, relatando o nível relativo ao plano de contingência, zona no canal endêmico e nível de atividade semanal para os dados de SRAG, SRAG por Influenza, e óbitos de SRAG por Influenza