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Divulgação científica e inclusão: tradução para LIBRAS de fontes de informação da Fiocruz sobre COVID-19 (Família Coronavírus): relatório final
No full textProjeto Inova COVID-19 - Resposta rápida.O projeto “Divulgação Científica e Inclusão: tradução para LIBRAS de fontes de informação da Fiocruz sobre COVID-19 (Família Coronavírus)” tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um aplicativo móvel para veicular informações sobre a pandemia da COVID-19 para pessoas surdas, com base em conteúdos produzidos pela Fiocruz e traduzidos para a Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras). Neste relatório, descrevemos as seguintes etapas do projeto, detalhando sua metodologia e resultados até o momento: diagnóstico inicial, desenvolvimento do aplicativo, criação e gerenciamento de conteúdo em Libras, testes de acessibilidade e usabilidade, publicação do aplicativo, estratégia de promoção e comunicação do aplicativo, gestão do projeto e principais resultados
Analysis of coxsackievirus B5 infections in the central nervous system in Brazil: insights into molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity
No full textOs autores externos submeteram sua publicação para apresentação de trabalho no evento “International Symposium on Immunobiologicals”, que foi coordenado e organizado pelo Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
Neuro-Inflammatory Response and Brain-Peripheral Crosstalk in Sepsis and Stroke
No full textDespite recent therapeutic advances, ischemic stroke is still a leading cause of death and disability. There is renewed attention on peripheral inflammatory signaling as a way of modulating the post-ischemic neuro-inflammatory process. The immune-brain crosstalk has long been the focus for understanding the mechanisms of sickness behavior, which is an adaptive autonomic, neuroendocrine, and behavioral response to a peripheral inflammation. It is mediated by humoral and neural pathways that mainly involve the circumventricular organs and vagal nerve, respectively. In this review we address the question of how sepsis and stroke can dysregulate this adaptive response, notably by impairing the central integration of peripheral signaling, but also by efferent control of the immune response. We highlight the potential role of gut-brain and brain-spleen signaling in stroke
A Stroll Through the History of Monoxenous Trypanosomatids Infection in Vertebrate Hosts
No full textThe Trypanosomatidae family encompasses unicellular flagellates and obligate parasites
of invertebrates, vertebrates, and plants. Trypanosomatids are traditionally divided into
heteroxenous, characterized by the alternation of the life cycle between an insect vector
and a plant or a vertebrate host, including humans being responsible for severe diseases;
and monoxenous, which are presumably unique parasites of invertebrate hosts.
Interestingly, studies reporting the occurrence of these monoxenous trypanosomatids
in humans have been gradually increasing, either associated with Leishmania co-infection,
or supposedly alone either in immunocompromised or even more sporadically in
immunocompetent hosts. This review summarizes the first reports that raised the
hypothesis that monoxenous trypanosomatids could be found in vertebrate hosts till
the most current reports on the occurrence of Crithidia spp. alone in immunocompetent
human patients
Application of Quality by design approach in the development of biosimilars monoclonal antibodies Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab
No full textOs autores externos submeteram sua publicação para apresentação de trabalho no evento “International Symposium on Immunobiologicals”, que foi coordenado e organizado pelo Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
Cestode and nematode larvae of hygienic-sanitary importance parasitizing Balistes capriscus Gmelin, 1789, collected from fish markets of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
No full textBalistes capriscus is an appreciated fish species in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, due its excellent quality flesh. The constant
presence of helminth larvae in the abdominal musculature, viscera and serosa of individuals of the species has been the subject
of complaints among local fish traders because of economic losses due to their repugnant aspect. Considering their hygienicsanitary
importance and significance for collective health, the presence of helminth larvae was investigated in 44 individual
fish of B. capriscus purchased from fish markets in the municipalities of Rio de Janeiro, Niterói, Campos dos Goytacazes and
Cabo Frio, state of Rio de Janeiro, in 2017–2018. Cestode larvae, identified as Diphyllobothriidae gen. sp. and Callitetrarhynchus
gracilis, were found parasitizing the abdominal cavity, abdominal musculature, mesentery and liver serosa. Nematode
(Raphidascaridiidae) third-instar larvae, identified as Hysterothylacium deardorffoverstreetorum and Raphidascaris sp., were
found parasitizing stomach, intestine, liver, spleen, liver serosa, mesentery and abdominal cavity. The highest parasitic indices
were for Raphidascaris sp., with prevalence of 70.45%, mean intensity of 15.61, mean abundance of 11 and infection range of
1–76 specimens per host. Considerations of the zoonotic potential and hygienic-sanitary significance of these helminths are
presented to increase food safety for consumers
What Are We Measuring When We Evaluate Digital Interventions for Improving Lifestyle? A Scoping Meta-Review
No full textBackground: Lifestyle Medicine (LM) aims to address six main behavioral domains: diet/nutrition, substance use (SU), physical activity (PA), social relationships, stress management, and sleep. Digital Health Interventions (DHIs) have been used to improve these domains. However, there is no consensus on how to measure lifestyle and its intermediate outcomes aside from measuring each behavior separately. We aimed to describe (1) the most frequent lifestyle domains addressed by DHIs, (2) the most frequent outcomes used to measure lifestyle changes, and (3) the most frequent DHI delivery methods. Methods: We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA-ScR) Extension for Scoping Reviews. A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science for publications since 2010. We included systematic reviews and meta-analyses of clinical trials using DHI to promote health, behavioral, or lifestyle change. Results: Overall, 954 records were identified, and 72 systematic reviews were included. Of those, 35 conducted meta-analyses, 58 addressed diet/nutrition, and 60 focused on PA. Only one systematic review evaluated all six lifestyle domains simultaneously; 1 systematic review evaluated five lifestyle domains; 5 systematic reviews evaluated 4 lifestyle domains; 14 systematic reviews evaluated 3 lifestyle domains; and the remaining 52 systematic reviews evaluated only one or two domains. The most frequently evaluated domains were diet/nutrition and PA. The most frequent DHI delivery methods were smartphone apps and websites. Discussion: The concept of lifestyle is still unclear and fragmented, making it hard to evaluate the complex interconnections of unhealthy behaviors, and their impact on health. Clarifying this concept, refining its operationalization, and defining the reporting guidelines should be considered as the current research priorities. DHIs have the potential to improve lifestyle at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of prevention-but most of them are targeting clinical populations. Although important advances have been made to evaluate DHIs, some of their characteristics, such as the rate at which they become obsolete, will require innovative research designs to evaluate long-term outcomes in health
Spread of Gamma (P.1) Sub-Lineages Carrying Spike Mutations Close to the Furin Cleavage Site and Deletions in the N-Terminal Domain Drives Ongoing Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Amazonas, Brazil
No full textA Rede Genômica Fiocruz é formada por especialistas de todas as unidades da Fundação no país e de institutos parceiros que se empenham diariamente em gerar dados mais robustos sobre o comportamento do SARS-Cov-2 e contribuir para um melhor preparo do país no enfrentamento da pandemia em termos de diagnóstico mais precisos e vacinas eficazes. Saiba mais sobre a Rede Genômica Fiocruz em: http://www.genomahcov.fiocruz.br/The Amazonas was one of the most heavily affected Brazilian states by the COVID-19 epidemic. Despite a large number of infected people, particularly during the second wave associated with the spread of the Variant of Concern (VOC) Gamma (lineage P.1), SARS-CoV-2 continues to circulate in the Amazonas. To understand how SARS-CoV-2 persisted in a human population with a high immunity barrier, we generated 1,188 SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequences from individuals diagnosed in the Amazonas state from 1st January to 6th July 2021, of which 38 were vaccine breakthrough infections. Our study reveals a sharp increase in the relative prevalence of Gamma plus (P.11) variants, designated Pango Lineages P.1.3 to P.1.6, harboring two types of additional Spike changes: deletions in the N-terminal (NTD) domain (particularly D144 or D141-144) associated with resistance to anti-NTD neutralizing antibodies or mutations at the S1/S2 junction (N679K or P681H) that probably enhance the binding affinity to the furin cleavage site, as suggested by our molecular dynamics simulations. As lineages P.1.4 (S:N679K) and P.1.6 (S:P681H) expanded (Re . 1) from March to July 2021, the lineage P.1 declined (Re , 1) and the median Ct value of SARS-CoV-2 positive cases in Amazonas significantly decreases. Still, we did not find an increased incidence of P.11 variants among breakthrough cases of fully vaccinated patients (71%) in comparison to unvaccinated individuals (93%). This evidence supports that the ongoing endemic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the Amazonas is driven by the spread of new local Gamma/P.1 sublineages that are more transmissible, although not more efficient to evade vaccine-elicited immunity than the parental VOC. Finally, as SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread in human populations with a declining density of susceptible hosts, the risk of selecting more infectious variants or antibody evasion mutations is expected to increase. IMPORTANCE The continuous evolution of SARS-CoV-2 is an expected phenomenon that will continue to happen due to the high number of cases worldwide. The present study analyzed how a Variant of Concern (VOC) could still circulate in a population hardly affected by two COVID-19 waves and with vaccination in progress. Our results showed that the answer behind that was a new generation of Gamma-like viruses, which emerged locally carrying mutations that made it more transmissible and more capable of spreading, partially evading prior immunity triggered by natural infections or vaccines. With thousands of new cases daily, the current pandemics scenario suggests that SARS-CoV-2 will continue to evolve and efforts to reduce the number of infected subjects, including global equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines, are mandatory. Thus, until the end of pandemics, the SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance will be an essential tool to better understand the drivers of the viral evolutionary process
Geographical accessibility to the supply of antiophidic sera in Brazil: Timely access possibilities
No full textRAD Oliveira have funding from Inova Fiocruz Program (https://portal.fiocruz.br/programa-inova-fiocruz), (Grant number: Inova Program VPPCB-008-FIO-18-2-48), a research support obtained in a selection occurred in 2018. The funds allowed the payment of scholarships to organize the datasets and the spatial information treatment, beyond the participation in congresses and seminars. The funding body had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Snakebite accidents are considered category A neglected tropical diseases. Brazil stands out for snakebite accidents, mainly in the Amazon region. The best possible care after snakebite accidents is to obtain antiophidic sera on time. And the maximum ideal time to reach it is about 2 hours after an accident. Based on public health information and using a tool to analyze geographical accessibility, we evaluate the possibility of reaching Brazilian serum-providing health facilities from the relationship between population distribution and commuting time. In this exploratory descriptive study, the geographic accessibility of Brazilian population to health facilities that supply antiophidic serum is evaluated through a methodology that articulates several issues that influence the commuting time to health units (ACCESSMOD): population and facilities' distribution, transportation network and means, relief and land use, which were obtained in Brazilian and international sources. The relative importance of the population without the possibility of reaching a facility in two hours is highlighted for Macro-Regions, States and municipalities. About nine million people live in locations more than two hours away from serum-providing facilities, with relevant variations between regions, states, and municipalities. States like Mato Grosso, Pará and Maranhão had the most important participation of population with reaching time problems to those units. The most significant gaps are found in areas with a dispersed population and sometimes characterized by a high incidence of snakebites, such as in the North of the country, especially in the Northeastern Pará state. Even using a 2010 population distribution information, because of the 2020 Census postponement, the tendencies and characteristics analyzed reveal challenging situations over the country. The growing availability of serum-providing health facilities, the enhanced possibilities of transporting accident victims, and even the availability of sera in other types of establishments are actions that would allow expanding the possibilities of access to serum supply