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Saúde Amanhã: Textos para Discussão 85: Variação do consumo alimentar e impacto ambiental e econômico no Brasil
No full textPublicação cujo objetivo é divulgar resultados de estudos desenvolvidos no âmbito do Projeto Saúde Amanhã, disseminando informações sobre a prospecção estratégica em saúde, em um horizonte móvel de 20 anos. Busca, ainda, estabelecer um espaço para discussões e debates entre os profissionais especializados e instituições do setor. As opiniões emitidas nesta publicação são de exclusiva e de inteira responsabilidade do autor, não exprimindo, necessariamente, o ponto de vista da Fiocruz/MS. O projeto Saúde Amanhã é conduzido pela Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz) no contexto da “Estratégia Fiocruz para a Agenda 2030”/Fiocruz. É permitida a reprodução deste texto e dos dados nele contidos, desde que citada a fonte. Reproduções para fins comerciais são proibidas.Rosely Sichieri, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, foi convidada pela Fiocruz, para autoria e desenvolvimento do conteúdo do trabalho.
Eliseu Verly Junior, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, foi convidado pela Fiocruz, para autoria e desenvolvimento do conteúdo do trabalho.
Ilana Nogueira Bezerra, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, foi convidada pela Fiocruz, para autoria e desenvolvimento do conteúdo do trabalho.O capítulo enfoca a variação do consumo alimentar no Brasil por situação urbano/rural, regiões, sexo e renda, buscando desvendar a microestrutura em que se desenvolvem os ambientes obesogênicos, com ênfase para o consumo alimentar fora do domicílio. São também avaliados possíveis cenários alimentares que combinem sustentabilidade do planeta, adequação nutricional e custo para a população brasileira. Sobre este último aspecto, sabe-se que produção de alimentos é uma das principais fontes de emissão de gases de efeito estufa e consequente impacto no aquecimento global. São discutidos cenários de modificações na alimentação que reduzem o impacto ambiental considerando também os hábitos alimentares regionais e o menor impacto econômico para as famílias brasileiras. Grande parte dos dados apresentados tem por
base os dados das Pesquisas de Orçamentos Familiares (POF)
Multiplex qPCR assay to determine Leishmania infantum load in Lutzomyia longipalpis sandfly samples
No full textThe study aimed to develop a multiplex qPCR to detect Leishmania infantum load in different sandfly sample settings using Leishmania kDNA and sandfly vacuolar ATPase (VATP) subunit C as internal control gene. The amplification of Lutzomyia longipalpis VATP gene was evaluated together with Leishmania infantum kDNA in a multiplex reaction. The concentration of VATP gene oligonucleotides was adjusted until no statistically significant difference was observed between all multiplex standard curves and singleplex curves, that is, only kDNA amplification. Limit of detection (LoD) was measured using a probit model and a cut-off defined by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Limit of quantification (LoQ) was assessed by a linear model using the coefficient of variation threshold of 25%. After assuring VATP gene amplification, its primer–probe concentrations were best at 100 nM/10 nM, respectively. The cut-off Cq value for L. infantum kDNA was defined as 35.46 with 100% of sensitivity and specificity. A total of 95% LoD was determined to be of 0.162 parasites while LoQ was 5.858. Our VATP/kDNA multiplex qPCR assay shows that it can be used to evaluate both DNA integrity and determine L. infantum load in L. longipalpis even for low yielded samples, that is,
individual midguts
Establishment of a reference material for potency and identity assays of recombinant COVID-19 vaccine active ingredients, intermediary and final products
No full textOs autores externos submeteram sua publicação para apresentação de trabalho no evento “International Symposium on Immunobiologicals”, que foi coordenado e organizado pelo Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Possible Neonatal Neurological Outcomes: A Literature Review
No full textThe virus responsible for COVID-19 is designated “severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2” (SARS-CoV-2), a highly transmissible and pathogenic coronavirus. Although people
of all ages are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, clinical manifestations may vary with age. The
response of neonates to SARS-CoV-2 infection or exposure differs from that of children and adults.
Encephalitis due to viral infections in the central nervous system (CNS) and childhood multisystem
inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) are some of the possible neonatal consequences of SARS-CoV-2
infection. This review aims to verify possible neonatal neurological outcomes after SARS-CoV-2
infection. Overall, the cellular and molecular basis of the neurological sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 in
neonates remains unclear, and attempts to elucidate the pathophysiology of COVID-19 involve a
comparison with the mechanism of other viral diseases. There are a considerable number of case
reports in the literature exploring neurological outcomes in the neonatal period. In this review, we
present possible effects of SARS-CoV-2 in neonates, emphasizing the importance of monitoring this
group. The mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry into the CNS have not yet been fully elucidated, and the
potential severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates, as well as the possible short- and long-term
neurological sequelae, remain unclear
Dufy blood system and G6PD genetic variants in vivax malaria patients from Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
No full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM).
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES).Background: Over a third of the world’s population is at risk of Plasmodium vivax-induced malaria. The unique aspect of the parasite’s biology and interactions with the human host make it harder to control and eliminate the disease. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and Duffy-negative blood groups are two red blood cell (RBC) variations that can confer protection against malaria. Methods: Molecular genotyping of G6PD and Duffy variants was performed in 225 unrelated patients (97 with uncomplicated and 128 with severe vivax malaria) recruited at a Reference Centre for Infectious Diseases in Manaus. G6PD and Duffy variants characterizations were performed using Real Time PCR (qPCR) and PCR–RFLP, respectively. Results: The Duffy blood group system showed a phenotypic distribution Fy(a + b−) of 70 (31.1%), Fy(a + b +) 96 (42.7%), Fy(a−b +) 56 (24.9%) and Fy(a−b−) 1 (0.44%.) The genotype FY*A/FY*B was predominant in both uncomplicated (45.3%) and severe malaria (39.2%). Only one Duffy phenotype Fy(a-b) was found and this involved uncomplicated vivax malaria. The G6PD c.202G > A variant was found in 11 (4.88%) females and 18 (8.0%) males, while c.376A > G was found in 20 females (8.88%) and 23 (10.22%) male patients. When combined GATA mutated and c.202G > A and c.376A > G mutated, was observed at a lower frequency in uncomplicated (3.7%) in comparison to severe malaria (37.9%). The phenotype Fy(a−b +) (p = 0.022) with FY*B/FY*B (p = 0.015) genotype correlated with higher parasitaemia. Conclusions: A high prevalence of G6PD c202G > A and c.376A > G and Duffy variants is observed in Manaus, an endemic area for vivax malaria. In addition, this study reports for the first time the Duffy null phenotype Fy(a-b-) in the population of the Amazonas state. Moreover, it is understood that the relationship between G6PD and Duffy variants can modify clinical symptoms in malaria caused by P. vivax and this deserves to be further investigated and explored among this population
Naturally acquired antibody response to a Plasmodium falciparum chimeric vaccine candidate GMZ2.6c and its components (MSP-3, GLURP, and Pfs48/45) in individuals living in Brazilian malaria-endemic areas
No full textBackground: The GMZ2.6c malaria vaccine candidate is a multi-stage Plasmodium falciparum chimeric protein which contains a fragment of the sexual-stage Pfs48/45-6C protein genetically fused to GMZ2, a fusion protein of GLURP and MSP-3, that has been shown to be well tolerated, safe and immunogenic in clinical trials performed in a malaria-endemic area of Africa. However, there is no data available on the antigenicity or immunogenicity of GMZ2.6c in humans. Considering that circulating parasites can be genetically distinct in different malaria-endemic areas and that host genetic factors can influence the immune response to vaccine antigens, it is important to verify the antigenicity, immunogenicity and the possibility of associated protection in individuals living in malaria-endemic areas with different epidemiological scenarios. Herein, the profile of antibody response against GMZ2.6c and its components (MSP-3, GLURP and Pfs48/45) in residents of the Brazilian Amazon naturally exposed to malaria, in areas with different levels of transmission, was evaluated.
Methods: This study was performed using serum samples from 352 individuals from Cruzeiro do Sul and Mâncio Lima, in the state of Acre, and Guajará, in the state of Amazonas. Specific IgG, IgM, IgA and IgE antibodies and IgG subclasses were detected by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay.
Results: The results showed that GMZ2.6c protein was widely recognized by naturally acquired antibodies from individuals of the Brazilian endemic areas with different levels of transmission. The higher prevalence of individuals with antibodies against GMZ2.6c when compared to its individual components may suggest an additive effect of GLURP, MSP-3, and Pfs48/45 when inserted in a same construct. Furthermore, naturally malaria-exposed individuals predominantly had IgG1 and IgG3 cytophilic anti-GMZ2.6c antibodies, an important fact considering that the acquisition of anti-malaria protective immunity results from a delicate balance between cytophilic/non-cytophilic antibodies. Interestingly, anti-GMZ2.6c antibodies seem to increase with exposure to malaria infection and may contribute to parasite immunity.
Conclusions: The data showed that GMZ2.6c protein is widely recognized by naturally acquired antibodies from individuals living in malaria-endemic areas in Brazil and that these may contribute to parasite immunity. These data highlight the importance of GMZ2.6c as a candidate for an anti-malarial vaccine
In-hospital mortality and severe outcomes after hospital discharge due to COVID-19: A prospective multicenter study from Brazil
No full textSince January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.Background: We evaluated in-hospital mortality and outcomes incidence after hospital discharge due to COVID-19 in a Brazilian multicenter cohort. Methods: This prospective multicenter study (RECOVER-SUS, NCT04807699) included COVID-19 patients hospitalized in public tertiary hospitals in Brazil from June 2020 to March 2021. Clinical assessment and blood samples were performed at hospital admission, with post-hospital discharge remote visits. Hospitalized participants were followed-up until March 31, 2021. The outcomes were in-hospital mortality and incidence of rehospitalization or death after hospital discharge. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional-hazard models were performed. Findings: 1589 participants [54.5% male, age=62 (IQR 50-70) years; BMI=28.4 (IQR,24.9-32.9) Kg/m² and 51.9% with diabetes] were included. A total of 429 individuals [27.0% (95%CI,24.8-29.2)] died during hospitalization (median time 14 (IQR,9-24) days). Older age [vs<40 years; age=60-69 years-aHR=1.89 (95%CI,1.08-3.32); age=70-79 years-aHR=2.52 (95%CI,1.42-4.45); age≥80-aHR=2.90 (95%CI 1.54-5.47)]; noninvasive or mechanical ventilation at admission [vs facial-mask or none; aHR=1.69 (95%CI 1.30-2.19)]; SAPS-III score≥57 [vs<57; aHR=1.47 (95%CI 1.13-1.92)] and SOFA score≥10 [vs <10; aHR=1.51 (95%CI 1.08-2.10)] were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. A total of 65 individuals [6.7% (95%CI 5.3-8.4)] had a rehospitalization or death [rate=323 (95%CI 250-417) per 1000 person-years] in a median time of 52 (range 1-280) days post-hospital discharge. Age ≥ 60 years [vs <60, aHR=2.13 (95%CI 1.15-3.94)] and SAPS-III ≥57 at admission [vs <57, aHR=2.37 (95%CI 1.22-4.59)] were independently associated with rehospitalization or death after hospital discharge. Interpretation: High in-hospital mortality rates due to COVID-19 were observed and elderly people remained at high risk of rehospitalization and death after hospital discharge
Resumo do Boletim InfoGripe: semana epidemiológica (SE) 06 2022
No full textSemana epidemiológica 06: 06/02/2022 a 12/02/2022.O presente boletim é referente a análises com base nos dados inseridos no Sivep-gripe até o dia 14/02/2022. Semana epidemiológica 06: 06/02/2022 à 12/02/2022. Apresentamos análises nacional, por região geopolítica, por regional baseada em perfil de atividade, e por UF, relatando o nível relativo ao plano de contingência, zona no canal endêmico e nível de atividade semanal para os dados de SRAG, SRAG por Influenza, e óbitos de SRAG por Influenza
Comparative analysis of chemical profiles and antioxidant activities of essential oils obtained from species of lippia L. by chemometrics
No full textDue to the importance of diseases associated with oxidative stress, the search for natural antioxidants proves to be essential. This work aimed to compare the chemical composition and antioxidant potential of essential oils from the genus Lippia L. through chemometric analysis. The essential oils were characterized by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Antioxidant potentials were determined by DPPH, ABTS, Deoxyribose and β-carotene protection, Iron chelation and reduction methods. All data were related by multivariate analyzes. Essential oils showed low similar chemical compositions and no statistically significant relationship. These showed relevant antioxidant activity, especially for L. sidoides that obtained IC50 of 5.22 ± 0.08 µg/mL in ABTS capture. Multivariate analyzes showed the effectiveness of L. alba compounds to DPPH scavenging, Fe3+ reduction and β-carotene protection, and L. gracilis components to deoxyribose protect. Thus, studies proving the antioxidant potential of Lippia compounds against oxidative stress and their use in food conservation are fundamental
Triatoma williami in intradomiciliary environments of urban areas in Mato Grosso State, Brazil: domiciliation process of a wild species?
No full textBackground: Triatomines in Latin America are natural Chagas disease (ChD) vectors. Triatomine domiciliation is one
of the main factors increasing the occurrence risk of this disease in humans. There are 66 triatomine species in Brazil,
with three genera of significant epidemiological importance—Panstrongylus, Rhodnius, and Triatoma. Among the
Triatoma species, Triatoma williami, a wild species, has been reported in Goiás, Mato Grosso, and Mato Grosso do Sul.
In the Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, the invasion by triatomines has been reported, with T. williami being the most
common species. This study aimed to survey triatomine fauna and determine the Trypanosoma cruzi natural infection
rates in triatomines in the urban area of Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Methods: Triatomine specimens were sampled by passive surveillance or active search by agents combating
endemic diseases from 2019 to 2020. A parasitological feces diagnosis was performed to detect the presence of T.
cruzi after the specimens were identified. Concerning T. cruzi identification, molecular diagnosis and genetic sequencing
were performed to determine the strain, also called discrete typing units (DTUs).
Results: The 211 triatomines were collected, distributed in specimens of T. williami (84.4%), P. geniculatus (3.3%), P.
diasi (1.4%), and R. neglectus (10.9%). Two colonies of T. williami were found through morphological analyses. These
insects were sampled inside domiciles in an urban area neighboring Jardim Pitaluga (15° 51′57.7″ N, 052° 16′ 04.5 E).
The records were sampled in September 2019 and January 2021. The rate of natural infection by T. cruzi was 39.4%.
Two T. williami specimens from the sampled colonies were positive for the T. cruzi strain DTU IV.
Conclusions: This is the first time that T. williami has been confirmed in an urban area of Barra do Garças, Mato
Grosso, Brazil. Further studies are needed for a clearer understanding of the ecology of this species for prevention and
control mechanisms since its sampled specimens had a high rate of natural infection by T. cruzi