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The 2019-new coronavirus epidemic: Evidence for virus evolution
No full textDevido a pandemia mundial do COVID-19, o artigo da revista foi liberado em acesso aberto durante o ano de 2020, visando divulgação e disseminação.Em decorrência da pandemia decretada pela OMS em 2020, o artigo encontra-se em acesso aberto.There is a worldwide concern about the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV as a global public health threat. In this article, we provide a preliminary evolutionary and molecular epidemiological analysis of this new virus. A phylogenetic tree has been built using the 15 available whole genome sequences of 2019-nCoV, 12 whole genome sequences of 2019-nCoV, and 12 highly similar whole genome sequences available in gene bank (five from the severe acute respiratory syndrome, two from Middle East respiratory syndrome, and five from bat SARS-like coronavirus). Fast unconstrained Bayesian approximation analysis shows that the nucleocapsid and the spike glycoprotein have some sites under positive pressure, whereas homology modeling revealed some molecular and structural differences between the viruses. The phylogenetic tree showed that 2019-nCoV significantly clustered with bat SARS-like coronavirus sequence isolated in 2015, whereas structural analysis revealed mutation in Spike Glycoprotein and nucleocapsid protein. From these results, the new 2019-nCoV is distinct from SARS virus, probably trasmitted from bats after mutation conferring ability to infect humans
What is urgent and necessary to inform policies to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil?
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Neglected tropical diseases in Brazil: lack of correlation between disease burden, research funding and output
No full textObjectives: To assess the correlation between the burden of seven priority neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) included in the Brazilian National Agenda of Priorities in Health Research - tuberculosis, Chagas disease, leprosy, malaria, leishmaniasis, dengue and schistosomiasis - and their respective research funding and output. Methods: This retrospective review obtained data on disease burden from the Global Burden of Disease Study and funding data from open access sources. Publications were retrieved from Scopus and SciELO, and characterised according to the type of research conducted. Correlation between funding, research output and burden was assessed by comparing the 'expected' and 'observed' values for funding and publications relative to the proportional burden for each disease. Results: There was an emphasis in basic biomedical research (average 30% of publications) and a shortage of health policy and systems (average 7%) and social sciences research (average 3%). Research output and funding were poorly correlated with disease burden. Tuberculosis, Chagas disease and schistosomiasis accounted for more than 75% of total NTD-related DALYs, but accounted for only 34% of publications. Leprosy, leishmaniasis and malaria, together, received 49% of NTD-related funding despite being responsible for only 9% of DALYs. Conclusions: The analysis evidenced a lack of correlation between disease burden, research output and government funding for priority NTDs in Brazil. Our findings highlight the importance of monitoring health needs, research investments and outputs to inform policy and optimise the uptake of evidence for action, particularly in developing countries, where resources are scarce and the research capacity is limited. The results contribute to health policy by highlighting the need for improving coordination of scientific activities and public health needs for effective impact.2030-12-3
TR COVID-19 IGM/IGG Bio-Manguinhos: Teste rápido para triagem qualitativa para detecção de anticorpos para vírus SARS-COV-2
No full textCovid-19: Lidando com o estresse durante a pandemia
No full textA Fiocruz tem produzido uma série de materiais informativos sobre a pandemia da doença pelo SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19), este em especial trás algumas medidas que podem ser tomadas para evitar o estresse causado pela pandemia. A reprodução do material é livre e gratuita. Baixe e compartilhe informação correta e de qualidade
Coronavírus: lições e visões de uma pandemia
No full textDevido a pandemia mundial do COVID-19, o artigo da revista foi liberado em acesso aberto durante o ano de 2020, visando divulgação e disseminação.A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) elevou o estágio de preocupação e declarou, em 11 de março, que está
em curso uma pandemia do novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) que provoca a doença nomeada Covid-19. Desde
31 de dezembro, quando a China comunicou a circulação de um vírus de novo tipo, os casos já alcançaram 156 países ou territórios, segundo levantamento da Universidade John Hopkins (18/3). O termo “pandemia” significa que a
circulação ocorre em todo o mundo ao mesmo tempo — e não está mais localizada em uma única região do globo.
Em novo alerta, dois dias depois, a organização destacou que a Europa é o novo epicentro do coronavírus, com mais
casos sendo registrados todos os dias do que a China no auge da epidemia.
O Brasil registrou a primeira ocorrência em 26 de fevereiro. Em meados de março, já eram 291 casos confirmados e foi registrada a primeira morte, um homem de 62 anos em São Paulo, de acordo com o boletim
epidemiológico do Ministério da Saúde (17/3). Até o fechamento desta edição, já havia a confirmação de 621
casos e sete mortes em todo o país (19/3). Os governos de São Paulo e do Rio de Janeiro — estados em que
até então se concentram o maior número de casos — decretaram situação de emergência. Medidas como
suspensão das aulas, fechamento de estabelecimentos comerciais e órgãos públicos e recomendação para as
pessoas ficarem em casa já foram adotadas em vários estados. A revista Radis reuniu um panorama das principais discussões relacionadas à pandemia
Impact of Raltegravir or Efavirenz on Cell-Associated Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) Deoxyribonucleic Acid and Systemic Inflammation in HIV-1/Tuberculosis Coinfected Adults Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy
No full textBackground: In view of the fast viremia decline obtained with integrase inhibitors, we studied the respective effects of initiating
efavirenz (EFV) or raltegravir (RAL)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) levels and inflammation biomarkers in the highly inflammatory setting of advanced HIV-1 disease with
tuberculosis (TB) coinfection. Methods: We followed cell-associated HIV-1 DNA, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), soluble CD14 and D-Dimer levels for 48 weeks after ART initiation in the participants to the ANRS12-180 REFLATE-TB study. This phase II open-label randomized study included ART-naive people with HIV and TB treated with rifampicin to receive RAL 400 mg twice daily (RAL400), RAL 800 mg twice daily (RAL800) or EFV 600 mg QD with tenofovir and lamivudine. Results: In 146 participants, the median (interquartile range [IQR]) week (W)0 HIV-1 DNA level was 4.7 (IQR, 4.3–5.1) log10 copies/106 CD4+ , and the reduction by W48 was −0.8 log10 copies/106 CD4+ on EFV, −0.9 on RAL400, and −1.0 on RAL800 (P = .74). Baseline median (IQR) hsCRP, IL-6, sCD14, and D-Dimer levels were 6.9 (IQR, 3.3–15.6) mg/L, 7.3 (IQR, 3.5–12.3) pg/mL, 3221 (IQR, 2383–4130) ng/mL, and 975 (IQR, 535–1970) ng/mL. All biomarker levels decreased over the study: the overall W0–W48 mean (95% confidence interval) fold-change on ART was 0.37 (IQR, 0.28–0.48) for hsCRP, 0.42 (IQR, 0.35–0.51) for IL-6, 0.51 (IQR, 0.47–0.56) for sCD14, and 0.39 (IQR, 0.32–0.47) for D-Dimers. There were no differences in biomarker reduction across treatment arms. Conclusions: In participants with HIV and TB, EFV, RAL400, or RAL800 effectively and equally reduced inflammation and HIV-1 DNA levels
Seminários Avançados em Saúde Global e Diplomacia da Saúde: resposta global à pandemia
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The DNA of Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
No full textAo completar seus 25 anos com esta Edição Comemorativa, a Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva destaca para o leitor, dentre muitos outros, quatro aspectos que a tornam relevante, sem esconder suas fragilidades e desafios para o futuro. Em primeiro lugar, está sua pertença à Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva (Abrasco) cuja história de 40 anos se confunde com a construção do SUS. Isso está no DNA da Revista e marca seu crescimento, desenvolvimento e compromisso. A partir dessa sintonia, observa-se que seu foco principal é a política de saúde.Upon celebrating its 25 years of existence with this Commemorative Issue, Journal Ciência & Saúde Coletiva highlights four aspects, among many others, for the reader that affirm its relevance, without attempting to downplay its vulnerabilities and the challenges it faces in the future. First and foremost, there is the fact that it is affiliated to the Brazilian Association of Public Health (Abrasco) whose 40-year history is often confused with the construction of the SUS. This is in the Journal’s DNA and underpins its growth, development, and commitment. Based on this affinity, it is only to be expected that its core focus is on health policy