28492 research outputs found
Sort by
Democracy (still) on the edge: an analysis of Brazil’s political response to the Covid-19 crisis
No full textBrazil’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic ranks as the worst of all the countries
around the world. This is surprising, especially given its past experiences in
fighting infectious disease and in light of the existence of a national public health system,
known as the United Public Health System, or SUS in Portuguese, that provides
public and free health services from preventive care to medical assistance. Why has
Brazil fallen so far behind in confronting the novel coronavirus
Cerebrospinal fluid findings in neurological diseases associated with COVID-19 and insights into mechanisms of disease development (preprint)
No full textSince January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.Objectives: To analyze the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and neurological manifestations to provide evidence for the understanding of mechanisms associated with central nervous system (CNS) involvement in COVID-19. Methods: Patients (n=58) were grouped according to their main neurological presentation: headache (n=14); encephalopathy (n=24); inflammatory neurological diseases, including meningoencephalitis (n=4), acute myelitis (n=3), meningitis (n=2), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) (n=2), encephalitis (n=2), and neuromyelitis optica (n=1); and Guillain-Barré syndrome (n=6). Data about age, sex, cerebrovascular disease, and intracranial pressure were evaluated in combination with CSF profiles defined by cell counts, total protein and glucose levels, concentration of total Tau and neurofilament light chain (NfL) proteins, oligoclonal band patterns, and detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Results: CSF of patients with inflammatory neurological diseases was characterized by pleocytosis and elevated total protein and NfL levels. Patients with encephalopathy were mostly older men (mean age of 61.0 ± 17.6 years) with evidence of cerebrovascular disease. SARS-CoV-2 RNA in CSF was detected in 2 of 58 cases: a patient with refractory headache, and another who developed ADEM four days after COVID-19 symptoms onset. Three patients presented intrathecal IgG synthesis, and four had identical oligoclonal bands in CSF and serum, indicating systemic inflammation. Conclusion: Patients with neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19 had diverse CSF profiles, even within the same clinical condition. Our findings indicate a possible contribution of viral replication on triggering CNS infiltration by immune cells and the inflammation promoting neuronal injury
O Covid-19 e as epidemias da Globalização
No full textDevido a pandemia mundial do COVID-19, o artigo da revista foi liberado em acesso aberto durante o ano de 2020, visando divulgação e disseminação
Oral lesions are frequent in patients with Chikungunya infection
No full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (APOIO A PESQUISAS EM ANDAMENTO SOBRE VIRUS ZIKA E IMPLEMENTAÇÃO E MANUTENÇÃO DE BIOBANCOS - 439967/2016 - 3 e PROEP 420765/2017 -4), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP) (MCTIC/FINEP/FNDCT 01/201 6 ZIKA - 0416006000), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB) and Programa de Pesquisa Para o SUS (PPSUS) - no.003/2017.After 50 years of restriction to areas of Asia and Africa, Chikungunya outbreaks emerged in all continents in the past 20 years becoming part of the CDC list of traveler related infections. As Chikungunya outbreaks increase in frequency, a wide variety of clinical manifestations related to this infection have been reported. This study aimed to characterize the oral lesions related to Chikungunya infection in a multicenter cohort in northeastern Brazil. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (approval number: 1.657.324). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants or legal guardians
Landmarks of the Knowledge and Trypanosoma cruzi Biology in the Wild Environment
No full textTrypanosomatids are ancient parasitic eukaryotes that still maintain prokaryotic characteristics. Trypanosoma cruzi, a primarily wild mammal parasite, infected humans already long before European colonization of the Americas. T. cruzi heterogeneity remains an unsolved question, and until now, it has still not been possible to associate T. cruzi genotypes with any biological or epidemiological feature. One of the first biochemical attempts to cluster the T. cruzi subpopulations recognized three main subpopulations (zymodemes) that have been associated with the transmission cycles in the wild (Z1; Z3) and in the domestic environment (Z2). The description of wild mammal species harboring Z2 two decades later challenged this assemblage attempt. Currently, the genotypes of T. cruzi are assembled in seven discrete typing units (DTUs). The biology of T. cruzi still shows novelties such as the description of epimastigotes multiplying and differentiating to metacyclic trypomastigotes in the lumen of the scent glands of Didelphis spp. and the capacity of the true meiosis in parallel to clonal reproduction. The study of the transmission cycle among wild animals has broken paradigms and raised new questions: (i) the interaction of the T. cruzi DTUs with each of its mammalian host species displays peculiarities; (ii) the impact of mixed genotypes and species on the transmissibility of one or another species or on pathogenesis is still unknown; (iii) independent T. cruzi transmission cycles may occur in the same forest fragment; (iv) the capacity to act as a reservoir depends on the peculiarities of the host species and the parasite genotype; and (v) faunistic composition is a defining trait of the T. cruzi transmission cycle profile. The development of models of environmental variables that determine the spatial distribution of the elements that make up T. cruzi transmission by spatial analysis, followed by map algebra and networking, are the next steps toward interpreting and dealing with the new profile of Chagas disease with its many peculiarities. There is no way to solve this neglected disease once and for all if not through a multidisciplinary look that takes into account all kinds of human and animal activities in parallel to environmental variations
The right to water: Impact on the quality of life of rural workers in a settlement of the Landless Workers Movement, Brazil
No full textAccess to for rural populations is vital not only for personal consumption and hygiene but also for food production, income generation and cultural practices. To deepening the understanding of this issue, this research addressed the access to water in a settlement of the Landless Workers Movement. The perspective of the Human Rights to Water and Sanitation was used as a theoretical framework, assessing how inadequate access to water impacts the quality of rural populations. A qualitative research was used, through participant observation and individual interviews with 12 rural workers, living at the Ulisses Oliveira settlement. The findings reflect that water is not sufficiently available to meet the community’s social, economic and cultural needs and that such conditions can lead to a loss of identity. Therefore, access to water must be understood in the light of its political, social and cultural dimensions and the Human Rights to Water and Sanitation can be used as an instrument to public policies
Covid-19: Quem deve usar máscara?
No full textDurante a pandemia de Covid-19 esta recomendação foi suspensa, recomendando-se o uso para proteção coletiva, mais informações em: https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/41218A Fiocruz tem produzido uma série de materiais informativos sobre a pandemia da doença pelo SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19). A reprodução do material é livre e gratuita. Baixe e compartilhe informação correta e de qualidade
Sistema de vigilância de vírus influenza e susceptibilidade aos antivirais inibidores de neuraminidase no Brasil: a experiência de dez anos de um centro brasileiro
No full textEnfermeira residente: movimento de transformação e vivências do estágio optativo da residência multiprofissional em saúde da família
No full textO objetivo deste trabalho é refletir sobre o percurso do meu processo de formação na residência multiprofissional em saúde da família no período de (2018 – 2020), bem como, minhas percepções durante o estágio optativo no Centro de Referência de Especialidades em Saúde (CRES) no município de Camaçari. Logo, rememorarei minha passagem nos espaços que me foram oportunizados pela residência, ressalvo, contudo, que serei breve. Dentre as diversas experiências vividas, exponho em especial minha aproximação com a detecção precoce do HIV; o cuidado de enfermagem das Pessoas Vivendo com HIV (PVHIV); o processo de vinculação com as PVHIV na saúde da família; A desconstrução de estigmas; Dado o exposto, encontro-me feliz por revisitar o turbilhão de emoções que culminaram na minha formação de ser enfermeira especialista em saúde da família