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    Museus de ciência e a mediação entre ciência e sociedade

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    Licença atribuída ao artigo pela revista: CC BY-NC-ND.Como atores não clássicos no sistema de ciência, tecnologia e inovação (CT&I), os museus e centros de ciência têm uma posição privilegiada por conta de seu papel conciliador entre o público e a CT&I. Central na atividade cotidiana dos museus e centros de ciência é a mediação entre o público e as exposições e atividades oferecidas por essas organizações. Nesta edição de JCOM América Latina, representantes de sete museus de ciência ibero-americanos refletem sobre o papel dos mediadores em seus espaços e o tipo de formação fornecida a esses profissionais. A edição inclui, ainda, uma discussão sobre os desafios de mediadores de iniciativas itinerantes no Brasil e de voluntários científicos em um assentamento do primeiro milênio antes de Cristo na Espanha. Para arrematar a edição, trazemos uma iniciativa de divulgação das matemáticas em um bairro marginalizado no México e um book review sobre o potencial educativo dos dioramas

    Semiaquatic bugs (Insecta, Heteroptera, Gerromorpha) from Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo state, Brazil

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    We present a survey of the semiaquatic bugs (Insecta, Heteroptera, Gerromorpha) from Ribeira de Iguape river basin, Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo state, Brazil. Six species of Gerromorpha had been previously recorded from the area based on isolated collection events, namely Oiovelia brasiliensis Moreira, Nessimian & Rúdio, 2010, Rhagovelia accedens Drake, 1957, R. aiuruoca Moreira & Ribeiro, 2009, R. henryi Polhemus, 1997, R. lucida Gould, 1931, and R. trepida Bacon, 1948. Here, we record seven species for the first time from the region: Microvelia nelsoni Moreira, Barbosa & Ribeiro, 2012, M. venustatis Drake & Harris, 1933, R. occulcata Drake, 1959, R. plaumanni Polhemus, 1997, R. robusta Gould, 1931, R. zela Drake, 1959, and Stridulivelia ayacucho Polhemus & Spangler, 1995

    Território de saúde e políticas públicas: da reforma à reorganização da atenção primária à saúde no município do Rio de Janeiro

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    Este estudo se propôs a compreender os reflexos das mudanças ocorridas nos últimos 10 anos na organização da atenção primária à saúde no município do Rio de Janeiro. Para isto, realizou-se uma pesquisa de caráter qualitativodo tipo documental, analisando-se asrepercussões da reestruturação produtiva do trabalho em saúde sobre as dimensões do acesso e da qualidade da assistência à saúde dos cariocas. E, a partir desta, refletiu-se sobre a construção de direito e saúde, no cenário atual de crise econômica e desmonte da Estratégia de Saúde da Família na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Todas essas buscas consideraram os anos de 2009 a 2019, destacando-se os períodos da “Reforma” e da “Reorganização” dos serviços de atenção primária à saúde na cidade. Atentando-se para esta análise histórica, foi possível observar que apesar da sapiência que a intensa desigualdade estrutural da cidade provoca condições de acesso desigual à educação, saúde e trabalho, percebe-se que as determinações sociais são veladas e/ou desprezadas ao longo dos anos estudados. O que pode ter gerado o revés da Estratégia de Saúde da Família na cidade. Importante destacar que a teoria do capital humano exerce, historicamente, influência negativa sobre as políticas de saúde públicas e normativas da Atenção Primária à Saúde carioca, cuja “eficiência” é sinônimo de maior exploração do trabalhador e destituição de direitos. Essa condição velada pela teoria do capital humano e reestruturação produtiva, atribui ao profissional de saúde a responsabilidade pela desassistência da população. Conclui-se que, há associação entre as recomendações do relatório de Banco Mundial, as brechas presentes na Política Nacional de Atenção Básica (2017) e nas normativas implementadas dos últimos dez anos no Município. Que, somadasà EC95, reforçam o ideário neoliberal de um Estado cada vez mais ausente e retiram a credibilidade da Estratégia de Saúde da Famíliapela população. Desta forma, ocorre o enfraquecimento da luta da classe trabalhadora (precarização do trabalho) e aos direitos constitucionais (de acesso público e gratuito à saúde), cominsatisfação e sofrimento dos profissionais e dos usuários. Além disto, observou-se que as transformações na gestão e na organização do trabalho na atenção primária nos últimos 10 anos não consideraram as determinações sociais e as dimensões do estado de saúde dos cariocas (uso da equidade), como critério operacional para alocação de serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde no município do Rio de Janeiro. Percebe-se no período da “Reforma” avançosquanto ao fortalecimento da Atenção Primária à Saúde no modelo de atenção à saúde dos cariocas. Porém, identifica-se uma fragilidades na gestão dos recursos. Já a atual normativa de “Reorganização” dos serviços de atenção primária à saúde, nota-se grande intenção de retrocesso, pois deixou a população carioca desassistida, e o excesso de cadastro populacional por equipe gerou efeitos negativos para os profissionais de saúde e para os usuários do SUS, pois intensificou as iniquidades e há ameaça ao direito à saúde de forma integral e universal. Entendendo que estes resultados perpassam por questões relacionadas não apenas a saúde, ainda sim a prática desperta a necessidade de pensar um novo olhar para a garantia do acesso à saúde com qualidade, com a ampliação do conceito de acesso, qualidade e processo de trabalho das equipes.This research has the purpose of understandind the reflexes of all changes that have ocurred for the past 10 years in the organization focused on the primaryhealth care in the city of Rio de Janeiro. For this, a document typeresearch from the qualitative naturewas conducted, analyzing the repercussions and productive restructuringof the work in the health department about the extent of access and quality of health assistance to people who were born in this town. And, from this day on, more attention was given to the construction of people’s rights and health care, in the current economic crisis and the dismantle of Family Health Strategy in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The years of 2009 until 2019 were considered in all these searches, highlighting the periods of “Reform” and “Reorganization” to the primary health attention services in the city. Paying attention to this historic analysis, it was possible to observe that, despite of the knowlegment that the high structural imbalance of the city causes uneven access to education, health and employment, it is noticeable that the social determinants are disguised and/or scorned throughout the studied years.Which may have caused the Family Health Strategy setback in the city. It’s important to point out that the human capital theory, historically, has a negative influence effect on the public and normative health policy of the PrimaryAttention to Carioca Health Care, which “eficiency” is the same as high exploration of the employee and the dismissal of their rights. This hiden condition of the human capital theory and the productive restructuring gives the health professional the responsability for the lack of assistance towards the population. In conclusion, there is a connection between the recommendations from the World Bank report, the gaps in the National Policy of Primary Care (2017)and the prescrisptive implemented in the past tenyears in the City. That, added to EC95, reinforce the neoliberal ideology of a State even more absent and divest the credibility of the Family Health Strategy of the population. Consequently, the weakeningof the working class struggle (job insecurity)and the constitutional principles (free access to health care), added to the distress and insatisfaction of the professionals and service users. Also, it was observed that the changes in management and work organization in the primary attention for the past ten yearsdidn’t consider the social determinationsand the aspects of people’s health situation (equity) asoperational criterionto the allocation of the Primary Health Care Attention in the city of Rio de Janeiro. It is noticeable in the period of “Reform” improvements regarding to the strenghtening of the Primary Health Care Attention towards the population health situation. However, there are weakenesses in resources management. Yet, in the current regulation of the Primary Health Care “reorganization”, it is observed a high setback intention, since it left carioca population unassisted, and the overflow of people registration per team has caused negative effects to the professionals and to SUS users, for it intensified the iniquity and the threats to health care entitlement in its full and universal way. Being attentive to the fact that these results go through issues related not just to health care, the experience awaken the need to a new approach to guarantee the access to health care and its quality, extending the concept for access, quality and the process of team work

    Developing policies for the inclusion of homeless people: advances and challenges of intersectoriality in health and social assistance policies

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    O texto tem por objetivo analisar a elaboração da política para inclusão de pessoas em situação de rua, no âmbito das ações de assistência social e saúde no Distrito Federal (DF). De modo específico, busca identificar conflitos; mapear as ações e estratégias desenhadas; e compreender os avanços e desafios que marcaram esse contexto. A pesquisa teve uma abordagem qualitativa, de caráter descritivo, com análise documental e 20 entrevistas semiestruturadas com informantes chave. O material coletado foi analisado com base na abordagem de Stephen Ball sobre do ciclo da política. Os resultados indicam a centralidade e indução da política distrital pela política de assistência social, cujos gestores atuaram de forma verticalizada nos comitês intersetoriais estudados. O contexto da prática, caracterizado como arena de conflito e contestação, revelou o cerceamento do processo decisório e de participação democrática, mantendo-se a hegemonia estatal em sua condução. O estudo nos possibilitou identificar a necessidade de dispor de novos desenhos gerenciais visando a produção de respostas intersetoriais ao fenômeno da população em situação de rua no DF.This paper analyzes the elaboration of the Policy for Inclusion of Homeless People in Brazil, within the scope of the Social Assistance and Health actions in Distrito Federal. Specifically, the analysis identifies conflicts; traces the actions and strategies adopted; and verifies the advancement and challenges that marked this context. This qualitative study of descriptive character used documentary analysis as methodology and included 20 semi-structured interviews with key informants. The collected material was assessed based on Stephen Ball’s approach to the policy cycle. The results indicate the centrality and induction of the district policy by the social assistance policy, whose managers acted in a top-down manner in the studied Intersectoral Committees. The context of the practice, characterized as an arena of conflict and contestation, revealed the closure of the decision making process and of democratic participation, adopting a conduct of state hegemony. A need for new management designs aimed at producing intersectoral measures for homeless people in the Federal District was identified

    Boletim Observatório COVID-19: semanas epidemiológicas 29 e 30: 12 de julho a 25 de julho

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    O Boletim visa apresentar dados, de forma clara e didática, da situação dos estados brasileiros e do Distrito Federal, em relação ao cenário epidemiológico da Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SRAG) e da Covid-19, assim como da capacidade do sistema de saúde para o enfrentamento da pandemia

    Modeling basins of attraction for breast cancer using Hopfield Networks

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    We are grateful for support from PrInt Fiocruz-CAPES Program.FAPERJ.Cancer is a genetic disease for which traditional treatments cause harmful side effects. After two decades of genomics technological breakthroughs, personalized medicine is being used to improve treatment outcomes and mitigate side effects. In mathematical modeling, it has been proposed that cancer matches an attractor in Waddington’s epigenetic landscape. The use of Hopfield networks is an attractive modeling approach because it requires neither previous biological knowledge about protein-protein interactions nor kinetic parameters. In this report, Hopfield network modeling was used to analyze bulk RNA-Seq data of paired breast tumor and control samples from 70 patients. We characterized the control and tumor attractors with respect to their size and potential energy and correlated the Euclidean distances between the tumor samples and the control attractor with their corresponding clinical data. In addition, we developed a protocol that outlines the key genes involved in tumor state stability. We found that the tumor basin of attraction is larger than that of the control and that tumor samples are associated with a more substantial negative energy than control samples, which is in agreement with previous reports. Moreover, we found a negative correlation between the Euclidean distances from tumor samples to the control attractor and patient overall survival. The ascending order of each node’s density in the weight matrix and the descending order of the number of patients that have the target active only in the tumor sample were the parameters that withdrew more tumor samples from the tumor basin of attraction with fewer gene inhibitions. The combinations of therapeutic targets were specific to each patient. We performed an initial validation through simulation of trastuzumab treatment effects in HER2+ breast cancer samples. For that, we built an energy landscape composed of single-cell and bulk RNA-Seq data from trastuzumab-treated and non-treated HER2+ samples. The trajectory from the non-treated bulk sample toward the treated bulk sample was inferred through the perturbation of differentially expressed genes between these samples. Among them, we characterized key genes involved in the trastuzumab response according to the literature

    Multi-epitope based vaccine against yellow fever virus applying immunoinformatics approaches

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    Yellow fever disease is considered a re-emerging major health issue which has caused recent outbreaks with a high number of deaths. Tropical countries, mainly African and South American, are the most affected by Yellow fever outbreaks. Despite the availability of an attenuated vaccine, its use is limited for some groups such as pregnant and nursing women, immunocompromised and immunosuppressed patients, elderly people >65 years, infants <6 months and patients with biological disorders like thymus disorders. In order to achieve new preventive measures, we applied immunoinformatics approaches to develop a multi-epitope-based subunit vaccine for Yellow fever virus. Different epitopes, related to humoral and cell-mediated immunity, were predicted for complete polyproteins of two Yellow fever strains (Asibi and 17 D vaccine). Those epitopes common for both strains were mapped into a set of 137 sequences of Yellow fever virus, including 77 sequences from a recent outbreak at the state of Minas Gerais, southeast Brazil. Therefore, the present work uses robust bioinformatics approaches for the identification of a multi-epitope vaccine against the Yellow fever virus. Our results indicate that the identified multi-epitope vaccine might stimulate humoral and cellular immune responses and could be a potential vaccine candidate against Yellow fever virus infection. Hence, it should be subjected to further experimental validations. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.2025-01-0

    An immunoproteomics approach to identify Leishmania infantum proteins to be applied for he diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection

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    The co-infection between visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and human immunodeficiency vírus (HIV) has increased in several countries in the world. The current serological tests are not suitable since they present low sensitivity to detect the most of VL/HIV cases, and a more precise diagnosis should be performed. In this context, in the present study, an immunoproteomics approach was performed using Leishmania infantum antigenic extracts and VL, HIV and VL/HIV patients sera, besides healthy subjects samples; aiming to identify antigenic markers for these clinical conditions. Results showed that 43 spots were recognized by antibodies in VL and VL/HIV sera, and 26 proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. Between them, β-tubulin was expressed, purified and tested in ELISA experiments as a proof of concept for validation of our immunoproteomics findings and results showed high sensitivity and specificity values to detect VL and VL/HIV patients. In conclusion, the identified proteins in the present work could be considered as candidates for future studies aiming to improvement of the diagnosis of VL and VL/HIV co-infection.2100-01-0

    Covid-19: Como cuidar do seu pet

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    A Fiocruz tem produzido uma série de materiais informativos sobre a pandemia da doença pelo SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19). A reprodução do material é livre e gratuita. Baixe e compartilhe informação correta e de qualidade

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