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Virome in roof-harvested rainwater of a densely urbanized low-income region
No full textRainwater harvesting has been considered an affordable practice to supplement the conventional sources of
water supply for potable and non-potable uses worldwide. This study characterizes the viral community found
in roof-harvested rainwater (RHRW) samples obtained under different rain volumes in a densely urbanized
low-income region in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Three pilot-scale standardized metal-sheet roofs (same catchment
area, material age, and slope – 3%) were installed in the study area aiming at obtaining more reliable and representative
samples. Fifty-four samples were collected fromsix rainfall events fromJanuary to April 2019 and concentrated
by the skimmed-milk flocculation method. Pools of different rainfall volumes were submitted to high
throughput sequencing using the shotgunmetagenomic approach. Sequencing was performed on NextSeq platform.
Genomic analysis of the virus community revealed that most are RNA non-human viruses, including two
main families: Dicistroviridae and Iflaviridae, recognized for infecting arthropods. Bacteriophages were also relatively
abundant, with a predominance of DNA phages belonging to Microviridae and Siphoviridae families, showing
percentages from5.3 and 3.7% of the total viral hits present in these samples, respectively. Viral genomic RNA
viruses (77%) predominated over DNA viruses (23%). Concerning number of viral species identified, a higher percentage
was observed for plant viruses (12 families, 58%). Hepatitis A virus and human klassevirus 1 were detected
among the established human pathogens, suggesting the need for RHRW treatment before it is considered for human consumption. Australian bat lyssavirus was also detected, emphasizing the importance of
environmentalmonitoring facing emerging viruses. The results corroborate the influence of the surrounding area on the rainwater quality.202
VPS32, a member of the ESCRT complex, modulates adherence to host cells in the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis by affecting biogenesis and cargo sorting of released extracellular vesicles
No full textTrichomonas vaginalis is a common sexually transmitted extracellular parasite that adheres to epithelial cells in the human urogenital tract. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been described as important players in the pathogenesis of this parasite as they deliver proteins and RNA into host cells and modulate parasite adherence. EVs are heterogeneous membrane vesicles released from virtually all cell types that collectively represent a new dimension of intercellular communication. The Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) machinery contributes to several key mechanisms in which it reshapes membranes. Based on this, some components of the ESCRT have been implicated in EVs biogenesis in other cells. Here, we demonstrated that VPS32, a member of ESCRTIII complex, contribute to the biogenesis and cargo sorting
of extracellular vesicles in the parasite T. vaginalis. Moreover, we observe that parasites overexpressing VPS32 have a striking increase in adherence to host cells compared to control parasites; demonstrating a key role for this protein in mediating host: parasite interactions. These results provide valuable information on the molecular mechanisms involved in extracellular vesicles biogenesis, cargo-sorting, and parasite pathogenesis
Eugenol in the induction of phytoalexine phaseoline in the bean culture (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
No full textA Revista Fitos é um periódico científico interdisciplinar, em acesso aberto, sem custos para autores e de difusão gratuita, com publicação em fluxo contínuo, organizado, gerenciado e editado pelo Centro de Inovação em Biodiversidade e Saúde (CIBS), do Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos (Farmanguinhos), da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Tendo a inovação em Biodiversidade e Saúde como escopo, o periódico publica artigos científicos inéditos e originais abordando a pesquisa, o desenvolvimento tecnológico e a inovação em Biodiversidade e Saúde e as inter-relações entre suas diversas dimensões. Os manuscritos deverão ser redigidos em português, inglês ou espanhol, do tipo: artigo de pesquisa, artigo de revisão, relato de experiência, comunicação breve, ensaio, perspectiva, resenha, carta e monografia de espécies da biodiversidade brasileira. Os autores deste artigo não possuem vínculo com a Fiocruz. Link da revista: https://periodicos.fiocruz.br/pt-br/revista-fitosO aumento expressivo da cadeia produtiva ocorre juntamente com objetivo de produzir alimentos com menores níveis de resíduos químicos e maior qualidade dos produtos. Um dos mecanismos naturais de defesa vegetal, induzida por atividades elicitoras, é a biossíntese de fitoalexinas, que são metabólitos secundários produzidos pela planta no local da infecção, e podem ser usadas para controle de pragas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo induzir a produção da faseolina no feijoeiro utilizando o eugenol como agente elicitor, pois o mesmo é conhecido por suas ações fungicida e bactericida. A metodologia aplicada foi adaptada e baseia-se em técnicas químicas e analíticas, visando a indução da faseolina na planta do feijoeiro através do agente elicitor eugenol. Uma vez induzida, a faseolina foi extraída em álcool etanol e sua leitura foi realizada em espectrofotômetro UV-VIS a 280 nm. Após o uso do eugenol (0,3%) na planta do feijoeiro, a produção de faseolina foi 4,22 vezes maior nesse tratamento quando comparada com o controle negativo (água) e 3,45 vezes maior em relação ao controle positivo (Bion®). De acordo com os resultados obtidos, confirmou-se que o eugenol possui ação elicitora sobre a planta do feijoeiro, pois induziu a produção da fitoalexina faseolina.The expressive increase in the production chain occurs together with the objective of producing food with lower levels of chemical residues and higher product quality. One of the natural mechanisms of plant defense, induced by eliciting activities, is the biosynthesis of phytoalexins, That are secondary metabolites produced by the plant at the site of infection and can be used for pest control. This work aimed to induce the production of phaseolin in common beans using eugenol as an elicitor, as it is already known for its fungicidal and bactericidal actions. The applied methodology was adapted and is based on chemical and analytical techniques aiming the phaseoline induction in the bean plant through the eugenol elicitor agent. Once induced, the phaseoline was extracted in ethanol ethanol and read on a 280 nm UV-VIS spectrophotometer. After the use of eugenol (0.3%) in the bean plant, the production of phaseolin was 4.22 times higher in this treatment when compared to the negative control (water) and 3.45 times higher in relation to the positive control (Bion®). According to the results obtained, it was confirmed that eugenol has an elective action on the bean plant, as it induced the production of phytoalexin phasolin
Effectiveness of CoronaVac, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, BNT162b2, and Ad26.COV2.S among individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in Brazil: a test-negative, case-control study
No full textConselho Nacional de Pesquisa do Brasil. Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. JBS. Instituto de Saúde Carlos III. Ministério da Ciência e Inovação da Espanha. Generalitat de Catalunya.Background: COVID-19 vaccines have proven highly effective among individuals without a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, but their effectiveness in preventing symptomatic infection and severe outcomes among individuals with previous infection is less clear. We aimed to estimate the effectiveness of four COVID-19 vaccines against symptomatic infection, hospitalisation, and death for individuals with laboratory-confirmed previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: Using national COVID-19 notification, hospitalisation, and vaccination datasets from Brazil, we did a test-negative, case-control study to assess the effectiveness of four vaccines (CoronaVac [Sinovac], ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 [AstraZeneca], Ad26.COV2.S [Janssen], and BNT162b2 [Pfizer-BioNtech]) for individuals with laboratory-confirmed previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. We matched cases with RT-PCR positive, symptomatic COVID-19 with up to ten controls with negative RT-PCR tests who presented with symptomatic illnesses, restricting both groups to tests done at least 90 days after an initial infection. We used multivariable conditional logistic regression to compare the odds of test positivity and the odds of hospitalisation or death due to COVID-19, according to vaccination status and time since first or second dose of vaccines. Findings: Between Feb 24, 2020, and Nov 11, 2021, we identified 213 457 individuals who had a subsequent, symptomatic illness with RT-PCR testing done at least 90 days after their initial SARS-CoV-2 infection and after the vaccination programme started. Among these, 30 910 (14·5%) had a positive RT-PCR test consistent with reinfection, and we matched 22 566 of these cases with 145 055 negative RT-PCR tests from 68 426 individuals as controls. Among individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic infection 14 or more days from vaccine series completion was 39·4% (95% CI 36·1–42·6) for CoronaVac, 56·0% (51·4–60·2) for ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, 44·0% (31·5–54·2) for Ad26.COV2.S, and 64·8% (54·9–72·4) for BNT162b2. For the two-dose vaccine series (CoronaVac, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, and BNT162b2), effectiveness against symptomatic infection was significantly greater after the second dose than after the first dose. Effectiveness against hospitalisation or death 14 or more days from vaccine series completion was 81·3% (75·3–85·8) for CoronaVac, 89·9% (83·5–93·8) for ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, 57·7% (−2·6 to 82·5) for Ad26.COV2.S, and 89·7% (54·3–97·7) for BNT162b2. Interpretation: All four vaccines conferred additional protection against symptomatic infections and severe outcomes among individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. The provision of a full vaccine series to individuals after recovery from COVID-19 might reduce morbidity and mortality
RADIS: Comunicação e Saúde, número 236, maio
No full textRADIS é uma publicação da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, editada pelo Programa Radis (Reunião, Análise e Difusão de Informação sobre Saúde), da Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (Ensp).O texto reflete sobre o impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 no mundo, especialmente no Brasil, destacando o negacionismo, a falta de planejamento e as consequências socioeconômicas. Apesar do avanço da vacinação, a pandemia ainda persiste, exigindo cautela e medidas de prevenção. Critica-se a decisão precipitada de alguns países em relaxar as restrições, enfatizando a importância de aprender com os erros e fortalecer o sistema de saúde pública. O texto também destaca a atuação do grupo "É de Lei" em São Paulo, que proporcionou cuidados essenciais para pessoas em situação de rua durante a pandemia, demonstrando empatia e solidariedade. Por fim, menciona-se a obra do escritor português Valter Hugo Mãe, que aborda as questões indígenas no contexto brasileiro, ressaltando a importância de reconhecer e valorizar a história e a cultura desses povos
Characterization of agglutinating antibodies detected by the direct agglutination test for visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis
No full textThis study aimed to characterize agglutinating antibodies detected by the direct agglutination test (DAT-LPC) for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The DAT-LPC antigen/antibodies complex was recovered, washed, and used as antigenic substrate in a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (modified ELISA), revealed with anti-human IgM, IgG, and IgG subtype conjugates, and in the immunofluorescent antibodies test (IFAT), revealed with anti-human IgG and IgG1 conjugates. IgM antibodies were detected in 50%, IgG and IgG1 in 100%, and IgG3 in 52.8% of the 36 samples from VL patients. IFAT showed that agglutinating IgG and IgG1 antibodies recognized more intensely antigens located in the membrane and kinetoplast of the parasite. No antibodies were detected in the 15 samples from healthy individuals. This study shows for the first time that the antibodies responsible for agglutination in DAT-LPC are mostly of the IgG1 subtype.2099-12-3
Influence of seasonality on wing morphological variability in populations of Mansonia amazonensis (Theobald) (Diptera: Culicidae)
No full textProdução científica do Laboratório de Díptera.We appreciate the financial support received from the ANEEL R&D Project, entitled “Development of a monitoring methodology of the behavior dynamics of Mansonia spp. and their relevance in hydroelectric development in the Amazon region” (PD-06631-0005/2017), regulated by Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL) and developed within the scope of the National Scientific and Technological Development Council of R&D, Energia Sustentável do Brasil S.A. (grant number 301707/2017-0) regulated by Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL). We are also grateful to the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (grant number 88882.426018/2019-01) for providing financial support.Mansonia amazonensis (Theobald, 1901) is one of 15 species of the subgenus Mansonia Blanchard, 1901. It is essentially a Neotropical species, recorded in Bolivia, Peru and Brazil. In the highly seasonal Amazon region, Mansonia species find ideal environmental conditions for reproduction, development and establishment. Considering that climate significantly influences the size and behavior of mosquitoes, and insects in general, we analyzed the influence of seasonality on wing morphological variability in populations of Ma. amazonensis. Captures were carried out near the banks of the Madeira River in Rondônia State, Brazil during the dry, rainy and transition periods between seasons during 2018 and 2019. Morphometric characters of 181 wings were analyzed using morphological methods. The results show that wing size of Ma. amazonensis increases following a relatively gradual trend, from smaller wings during the dry period to larger ones in the rainy season. This study provides the first evidence, detected using geometric morphometry, of seasonally associated phenotypic variability in the wing conformation of Ma. amazonensis
Resumo do Boletim InfoGripe: semana epidemiológica (SE) 20 2022
No full textSemana epidemiológica 20: 15/05/2022 a 21/05/2022.Anexo: Boletim InfoGripe Semanal. Semana 20 de 2022.O novo Boletim InfoGripe Fiocruz sinaliza continuidade da tendência de aumento dos casos de Covid-19 em todas as regiões do país. Cerca de 48% das ocorrências de Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SRAG) registradas nas últimas quatro semanas são em função da Covid-19. Em relação aos óbitos por SRAG, 84% das notificações foram relacionadas ao Sars-CoV-2 (Covid-19). A análise é referente à Semana Epidemiológica (SE) 20, período de 15 a 21 de maio