28492 research outputs found
Sort by
The activism of black women in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro in the construction of public health policies: the agenda of obstetric violence
No full textConsiderando o cenário de intenso ativismo de mulheres negras no Rio de Janeiro e o fato de que as expressivas desigualdades raciais vividas pelas mulheres negras se traduzem no processo de saúde e adoecimento, o objetivo geral deste estudo foi analisar as trajetórias de vida e o ativismo de integrantes do Movimento de Mulheres Negras do município do Rio de Janeiro no enfrentamento à violência obstétrica em mulheres negras. Tratou-se de uma pesqui-sa qualitativa na perspectiva socioantropológica, ancorada sob as lentes da interseccionalidade. Foram feitas sete entrevistas individuais, a partir do método da Entrevista Narrativa, com mu-lheres negras ativistas de movimentos sociais e que pautam a causa da violência obstétrica con-tra mulheres negras. Tendo como eixo norteador os objetivos desta pesquisa, após o tratamen-to e análise de dados (Análise de conteúdo), foram eleitas nove categorias: “Trajetórias pesso-ais e profissionais”, “Conceito de Violência Obstétrica”, “Violência Obstétrica em Mulheres Negras”, “Estratégias”, “Enfrentamentos”, “Relação com outros movimentos”, “Relato de Violência Obstétrica”, “Morte Materna” e “Saúde da População Negra”. Foi possível chegar a núcleos de sentido do material coletado, gerando as seções de capítulo da discussão: Trajetórias e Estratégias de Militância – práticas situadas; Sentidos da Violência Obstétrica; Enfrentamentos – da afetação às ações no cotidiano; Silenciamento e morte como elementos disruptivos. Aponta-se para a necessidade dos estudos em saúde coletiva não perperturarem a invisibiliza-ção das vivências de mulheres negras que sofrem de violência obstétrica, fazendo-se necessário considerar as discussões e os saberes construídos no interior das trajetórias das ativistas entrevistadas, que de maneira articulada, nos movimentos sociais que fazem parte, contribuem para o enfrentamento à violência obstétrica em mulheres negras.From the context of intense activism of black women in Rio de Janeiro and the fact that the expressive racial inequalities experienced by black women are reflected in the health and illness process, this study analyzed trajectories and activism of members of the Black Women Movement in the city of Rio de Janeiro in the fight against obstetric violence in black women. Qualitative research was developed from a socio-anthropological perspective, anchored under of intersectionality. Seven individual interviews were carried out, using the Narrative Interview method, with black women activists from social movements and who determine the cause of obstetric violence against black women. After data treatment and analysis (Content analysis), nine categories were chosen: “Personal and professional trajectories”, “Concept of Obstetric Violence”, “Obstetric Violence in Black Women”, “Strategies”, “Confrontations”, “Relation-ship” with other movements ”,“ Obstetric Violence Report ”,“ Maternal Death ”and“ Health of the Black Population ”. It was possible to reach the nuclei of meaning of the collected material, generating the sections of the discussion chapter: Trajectories and Militancy Strategies - situated practices; Meanings of Obstetric Violence; Confrontations - from affectation to actions in daily life; Silence and death as disruptive elements. It points to the need for studies in collective health not to perpetuate the invisibility of the experiences of black women who suffer from obstetric violence. It is necessary to consider the discussions and knowledge constructed within the trajectories of the interviewed activists, who in an articulated way, in the social movements that they are part of, they contribute to the fight against obstetric violence in black women
Educação popular, equidade e saúde dispositivos pedagógicos e práticas lúdicas de aprendizagem na saúde: a caixa de ferramentas nas relações de ensino e aprendizagem
No full textThe HIV epidemic in Latin America: a time to reflect on the history of success and the challenges ahead
No full textPrenatal care in the Brazilian public health services
No full textObjetivo: Verificar desigualdades regionais no acesso e na qualidade da atenção ao pré-natal e ao parto nos serviços públicos de saúde no Brasil e a sua associação com a saúde perinatal. Métodos: Nascer no Brasil foi uma pesquisa nacional de base hospitalar realizada entre 2011 e 2012, que incluiu 19.117 mulheres com pagamento público do parto. Diferenças regionais nas características sociodemográficas e obstétricas, bem como as diferenças no acesso e qualidade do pré-natal e parto foram testadas pelo teste do χ2 . Foram avaliados os desfechos: prematuridade espontânea, prematuridade iniciada por intervenção obstétrica, baixo peso ao nascer, crescimento intrauterino restrito, Apgar no 5º min < 8, near miss neonatal e near miss materno. Para a análise dos desfechos perinatais associados, foram utilizadas regressões logísticas múltiplas e não condicionais, com resultados expressos em odds ratio ajustada e intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: As desigualdades regionais ainda são evidentes no Brasil, no que diz respeito ao acesso e qualidade do atendimento pré-natal e ao parto entre as usuárias dos serviços públicos. A peregrinação para o parto se associou a todos os desfechos perinatais estudados, exceto para crescimento intrauterino restrito. As odds ratios variaram de 1,48 (IC95% 1,23–1,78) para near miss neonatal a 1,62 (IC95% 1,27–2,06) para prematuridade iniciada por intervenção obstétrica. Entre as mulheres com alguma complicação clínica ou obstétrica, a peregrinação se associou ainda mais com a prematuridade iniciada por intervenção e com Apgar no 5º min < 8, odds ratio de 1,98 (IC95% 1,49–2,65) e 2,19 (IC95% 1,31–3,68), respectivamente. A inadequação do pré-natal se associou à prematuridade espontânea em ambos os grupos de mulheres. Conclusão: Melhorar a qualidade do pré-natal, a coordenação e a integralidade do atendimento no momento do parto têm um impacto potencial nas taxas de prematuridade e, consequentemente, na redução das taxas de morbimortalidade infantil no país.Objective: To verify regional inequalities regarding access and quality of prenatal and birth care in Brazilian public health services and associated perinatal outcomes. Methods: Birth in Brazil was a national hospital-based survey conducted between 2011 and 2012, which included 19,117 women with public-funded births. Regional differences in socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics, as well as differences in access and quality of prenatal and birth care were tested by the χ2 test. The following outcomes were assessed: spontaneous preterm birth, provider-initiated preterm birth, low birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, Apgar in the 5th min < 8, neonatal and maternal near miss. Multiple and non-conditional logistic regressions were used for the analysis of the associated perinatal outcomes, with the results expressed in adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. Results: Regional inequalities regarding access and quality of prenatal and birth care among users of public services are still evident in Brazil. Pilgrimage for birth associated with all perinatal outcomes studied, except for intrauterine growth restriction. The odds ratios ranged between 1.48 (95%CI 1.23–1.78) for neonatal near miss and 1.62 (95%CI 1.27–2.06) for provider-initiated preterm birth. Among women with clinical or obstetric complications, pilgrimage for birth associated with provider-initiated preterm birth and with Apgar in the 5th min < 8, odds ratio of 1.98 (95%CI 1.49–2.65) and 2.19 (95%CI 1.31–3.68), respectively. Inadequacy of prenatal care associated with spontaneous preterm birth in both groups of women, with or without clinical or obstetric complications. Conclusion: Improvements in the quality of prenatal care, appropriate coordination and comprehensive care at the time of birth have a potential to reduce prematurity rates and, consequently, infant morbidity and mortality rates in the country
Perfis de mortalidade em pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids: comparação entre o Rio de Janeiro e as demais unidades da federação entre 1999 e 2015
No full textA aparente estabilidade da mortalidade por aids no país na última década encobre uma gama de cenários, com dois terços dos estados apresentando taxa padronizada de mortalidade por aids (TPMA) significativamente acima da média nacional e/ou em tendência ascendente. No Rio de Janeiro, a TPMA vem mantendo-se alta e estável ao longo dos anos; atualmente o estado ocupa a segunda posição no ranking nacional desse indicador.The trend toward stabilization regarding the AIDS epidemic in Brazil over the past decade hides a very complex scenario, where two-thirds of the Brazilian federative units exhibit AIDS standardized mortality rates (ASMR) significantly above the national average and/or in upward tendency. ASMR in Rio de Janeiro State remains virtually unchanged over the years; the state currently occupies the second position in the national ranking of this indicator.2021-05-0
Identification of SARS-CoV-2 and additional respiratory pathogens cases under the investigation of COVID-19 initial phase in a Brazilian reference laboratory
No full textA Rede Genômica Fiocruz é formada por especialistas de todas as unidades da Fundação no país e de institutos parceiros que se empenham diariamente em gerar dados mais robustos sobre o comportamento do SARS-Cov-2 e contribuir para um melhor preparo do país no enfrentamento da pandemia em termos de diagnóstico mais precisos e vacinas eficazes. Saiba mais sobre a Rede Genômica Fiocruz em: http://www.genomahcov.fiocruz.br/Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) surveillance, in Brazil, initiated shortly after its description, in China. Our aim was to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and additional pathogens in samples from the initial phase of the outbreak in Brazil, from late February to late March. From 707 samples analysed, 29 (4.1%) were SARS-CoV-2 positive. Fever and cough were their most prevalent symptoms. Co-detection of rhinovirus was observed in 2 (6.9%) cases. Additional pathogens were identified in 66.1% of the SARS-CoV-2 negative cases, mainly rhinovirus and influenza A(H1N1) pdm09. Thus, we emphasise the importance of differential diagnosis in COVID-19 suspected cases
Formação de professores: reflexão em relação aos impactos negativos na aprendizagem escolar, ocasionados pela Pediculose e Enterobiose aos escolares do Ensino Fundamental
No full textRefletir sobre a saúde dos escolares do Ensino Fundamental requer desvencilhar-se de uma visão generalista e conteudista. Necessita a prática de um olhar atento e sensível às crianças por meio de uma visão holística, considerando os determinantes sociais que interferem no evento educativo e que afetam a saúde integral das crianças em fase escolar. Neste contexto torna-se pertinente, refletir e discutir sobre a dicotomia saúde-doença em relação aos impactos negativos na aprendizagem escolar ocasionados pela Pediculose e Enterobiose que comumente acometem o público infantil. Ambas doenças ocasionam o distúrbio do sono e a irritabilidade deixando as crianças sonolentas e desatentas na sala de aula, devido ao intenso prurido no couro cabeludo (piolho) e na região perianal (helminto). Dificilmente, se uma criança estiver doente (físico, psíquico e social), dentro e/ou fora da sala de aula, se engajará em alguma atividade intelectual. Nessa percepção, o presente estudo objetivou mobilizar 73 estudantes do ensino médio (Curso Normal) de uma escola estadual pública do município de Duque de Caxias no RJ, para refletirem sobre os danos ocasionados por essas parasitoses as crianças menores, instigando-os à prática de um olhar atento e sensível às múltiplas linguagens dos escolares, possibilitando identificar se estão ou não saudáveis. Nesse propósito, foram realizadas três oficinas intituladas: Oficina Ouvindo Imagens, Oficina Pediculose e Oficina Enterobiose. Pelos discursos obtidos desses formandos constatou que essas doenças se constituem como uma barreira à aprendizagem escolar, um problema de ordem pública e social. Evidenciou-se que ao resgatarem suas memórias afetivas e sociais, os normalistas relataram o problema da segregação e da estigmatização social, o bullying, o sentimento de abandono por parte dos responsáveis e das autoridades públicas na região onde residem. Além da banalização da Pediculose sendo reconhecida erroneamente como parte do desenvolvimento infantil, e da Enterobiose pouco reconhecida pelos escolares. Negligencia-se, portanto, não apenas as doenças, mas os sujeitos sociais.Reflecting on the health of elementary school students requires taking a generalist and conteudist view. It requires the practice of an attentive and sensitive look at children through a holistic vision, considering the social determinants that interfere in the educational event and that affect the integral health of school children. In this context, it becomes pertinent to reflect and discuss the health-disease dichotomy in relation to the negative impacts on school learning caused by Pediculosis and Enterobiosis that commonly affect children. Both diseases cause sleep disturbance and irritability leaving children sleepy and inattentive in the classroom due to intense itching in the scalp (louse) and perianal region (helminth). Hardly, if a child is sick (physical, psychic and social), inside and/or outside the classroom, will engage in any intellectual activity. In this perception, this study aimed to mobilize 73 high school students (Normal Course) from a public state school in the city of Duque de Caxias, RJ, to reflect on the damage caused by these parasitosis to minor children, instigating them to practice an attentive and sensitive look at the multiple languages of school children, enabling them to identify whether or not they are healthy. For this purpose, three entitled workshops were held: Hearing Images Workshop, Pediculose Workshop and Enterobiose Workshop. From the speeches obtained from these students, it was found that these diseases are a barrier to school learning, a problem of public and social order. It was evident that when rescuing their affective and social memories, the normalists reported the problem of segregation and social stigmatization, bullying, the feeling of abandonment by those responsible and public authorities in the region where they live. In addition to the trivialization of Pediculosis being wrongly recognized as part of children's development, and Enterobiosis being poorly recognized by school children. Therefore, not only diseases are neglected, but social subjects as well
Insecticide resistance, ftness and susceptibility to Zika infection of an interbred Aedes aegypti population from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
No full textBackground: Aedes aegypti is a vector of high relevance, since it transmits several arboviruses, including dengue, chikungunya and Zika. Studies on vector biology are usually conducted with laboratory strains presenting a divergent genetic composition from feld populations. This may impair vector control policies that were based on laboratory observations employing only long maintained laboratory strains. In the present study we characterized a laboratory strain interbreed with Ae. aegypti collected from fve diferent localities in Rio de Janeiro (Aedes Rio), for insecticide resistance (IR), IR mechanisms, ftness and Zika virus infection. Methods: We compared the recently established Aedes Rio with the laboratory reference strain Rockefeller. Insecticide resistance (deltamethrin, malathion and temephos), activity of metabolic resistance enzymes and kdr mutation frequency were determined. Some life table parameters (longevity, blood-feeding, number and egg viability) and Zika virus susceptibility was also determined. Results: Aedes Rio showed resistance to deltamethrin (resistance ratio, RR50=32.6) and temephos (RR50=7.0) and elevated activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and esterases (α-EST and pNPA-EST), but not acetylcholinesterase (AChE). In total, 92.1% of males genotyped for kdr presented a “resistant” genotype. Weekly blood-fed females from both strains, presented reduced mortality compared to sucrose-fed mosquitoes; however, Aedes Rio blood-fed females did not live as long (mean lifespan: Rockefeller=70±3.07; Aedes Rio=53.5±2.16 days). There were no diferences between strains in relation to blood-feeding and number of eggs, but Aedes Rio eggs presented reduced viability (mean hatch: Rockefeller=77.79±1.4%; Aedes Rio=58.57±1.77%). Zika virus infection (plaque-forming unit, PFU) was similar in both strains (mean PFU±SE: Aedes Rio: 4.53×104±1.14×104 PFU; Rockefeller: 2.02×104±0.71×104 PFU). Conclusion: Selected conditions in the feld, such as IR mechanisms, may result in pleiotropic efects that interfere in general physiology of the insect. Therefore, it is important to well characterize feld populations to be tested in parallel with laboratory reference strains. This practice would improve the signifcance of laboratory tests for vector control methods
Rediscovery of the holotype of Horvathinia lenti De Carlo, 1958, new junior synonym of H. pelocoroides Montadon, 1911 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Belostomatidae)
No full textHorvathinia pelocoroides Montandon, 1911 was described as a new genus and species based on two specimens collected in Brazil, one from Minas Gerais deposited in the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet (Stockholm) and the other from Rio Grande do Sul deposited in the Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum (Budapest) (Montandon 1911). Subsequently, nine additional species were described based on a single specimen each, collected at different localities in southern South America: H. doellojuradoi De Carlo, 1930; H. pelleranoi De Carlo, 1930; H. castilloi De Carlo, 1938; H. meyeri De Carlo, 1938; H. bollei De Carlo, 1958; H. lenti De Carlo, 1958; H. schubarti De Carlo, 1958; H. forsteri Lauck, 1958; and H. argemii Schnack, 1972 (Schnack Estévez 2005).2025-01-0
Sars-CoV-2 Envelope and Membrane Proteins: Structural Differences Linked to Virus Characteristics?
No full textThe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new viral infection caused by the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Genomic analyses have revealed that SARS-CoV-2 is related to Pangolin and Bat coronaviruses. In this report, a structural comparison between the Sars-CoV-2 Envelope and Membrane proteins from different human isolates with homologous proteins from closely related viruses is described. The analyses here reported show the high structural similarity of Envelope and Membrane proteins to the counterparts from Pangolin and Bat coronavirus isolates. However, the comparisons have also highlighted structural differences specific of Sars-CoV-2 proteins which may be correlated to the cross-species transmission and/or to the properties of the virus. Structural modelling has been applied to map the variant sites onto the predicted three-dimensional structure of the Envelope and Membrane proteins