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RADIS: Comunicação e Saúde, número 208, janeiro
No full textRADIS é uma publicação da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, editada pelo Programa Radis (Reunião, Análise e Difusão de Informação sobre Saúde), da Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (Ensp).Nesta edição da Radis, é destacada a meta estabelecida pelo Brasil de eliminar o tracoma até 2020, uma doença infecciosa que causa cegueira. Apesar de afetar milhões de pessoas globalmente, o tracoma é considerado uma doença negligenciada devido à falta de investimentos da indústria farmacêutica e de desenvolvimento de técnicas de detecção e diagnóstico. O tracoma afeta principalmente as populações mais pobres, que enfrentam condições precárias de habitação e falta de acesso à água e saneamento básico, favorecendo a infestação de insetos e vetores. Sua negligência como problema de saúde pública é reflexo das desigualdades sociais existentes, evidenciando mais uma vez a relação entre saúde e desigualdade. Além disso, a edição apresenta os resultados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS), que revela que, embora as pessoas estejam vivendo mais, muitas não estão desfrutando de uma boa qualidade de vida. A alimentação inadequada, rica em sal, gorduras e açúcares, é apontada como uma das principais causas de diversas doenças incapacitantes, como diabetes, hipertensão e obesidade. A falta de acesso à saúde bucal também é destacada pela PNS, mostrando os impactos negativos da ausência de dentição na digestão, especialmente entre as camadas mais pobres da população. A obesidade, em particular, tem crescido rapidamente entre os mais empobrecidos, ressaltando a necessidade de combater não apenas os maus hábitos alimentares, mas também as desigualdades sociais que influenciam na saúde e na qualidade de vida. Além disso, a edição aborda a participação dos jovens no cenário político e social do país, destacando a experiência de 78 alunos do ensino médio que viveram por cinco dias a vida parlamentar. Esse protagonismo estudantil evidencia a importância de os jovens ocuparem espaços de decisão e reivindicarem seus direitos. Por fim, a equipe do Programa Radis deseja a todos os leitores um ano novo repleto de luz, justiça social e paz
Mortalidade Materna no Brasil - Boletim Epidemiológico n.º 20/MS (Maio, 2020)
No full textA redução da mortalidade materna no Brasil é ainda um desafio para os serviços de saúde e para a sociedade como um todo. As altas taxas encontradas se configuram um grave problema de saúde pública, atingindo desigualmente as regiões brasileiras.FiocruzText
Cartography of opportunistic pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes in a tertiary hospital environment
No full textMilton Osório Moraes - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Laboratório de Hanseníase, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. MetaSUB Consortium.Afiliação: Autores: 1Computational and Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. 2Information Systems Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore. 3Department of Microbiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. 4Department of Molecular Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. 5Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore. 6Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. 7Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA. 8National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore. 9Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. 10Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. 11Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine,
National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. 60These authors contributed equally: Kern Rei Chng, Chenhao Li, Denis Bertrand. *A full list of authors and their affiliations appears at the end of the paper. ✉e-mail: [email protected] MetaSUB Consortium: David Danko12,13, Daniela Bezdan12,13, Ebrahim Afshinnekoo12,13, Sofia Ahsanuddin14, Chandrima Bhattacharya12,13, Daniel J. Butler12,13, Kern Rei Chng15, Francesca De Filippis16, Jochen Hecht17, Andre Kahles18, Mikhail Karasikov18, Nikos C. Kyrpides19, Marcus H. Y. Leung20, Dmitry Meleshko12,13, Harun Mustafa18, Beth Mutai17,21, Russell Y. Neches19, Amanda Ng15, Marina Nieto-Caballero22, Olga Nikolayeva18, Tatyana Nikolayeva18, Eileen Png15, Jorge L. Sanchez12, Heba Shaaban12,13, Maria A. Sierra12,13, Xinzhao Tong20, Ben Young12,13, Josue Alicea12,13, Malay Bhattacharyya23, Ran Blekhman24, Eduardo Castro-Nallar25, Ana M. Cañas12, Aspassia D. Chatziefthimiou26, Robert W. Crawford27, Youping Deng28, Christelle Desnues29, Emmanuel Dias-Neto30, Daisy Donnellan12, Marius Dybwad31, Eran Elhaik32, Danilo Ercolini16, Alina Frolova33, Alexandra B. Graf34, David C. Green35, Iman Hajirasouliha12,13, Mark Hernandez22, Gregorio Iraola36, Soojin Jang37, Angela Jones38, Frank J. Kelly35, Kaymisha Knights12, Paweł P. Łabaj39,
Patrick K. H. Lee20, Levy Shawn40, Per Ljungdahl41, Abigail Lyons12, Gabriella Mason-Buck35, Ken McGrath42, Emmanuel F. Mongodin43, Milton Ozorio Moraes44, Niranjan Nagarajan15, Houtan Noushmehr45, Manuela Oliveira46, Stephan Ossowski47, Olayinka O. Osuolale48, Orhan Özcan49, David Paez-Espino19, Nicolas Rascovan29, Hugues Richard50, Gunnar Rätsch18, Lynn M. Schriml43, Torsten Semmler51, Osman U. Sezerman49, Leming Shi52, Le Huu Song53, Haruo Suzuki54, Denise Syndercombe Court35, Dominique Thomas12, Scott W. Tighe55, Klas I. Udekwu41, Juan A. Ugalde56, Brandon Valentine12, Dimitar I. Vassilev57, Elena Vayndorf58, Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan59, María M. Zambrano38, Jifeng Zhu12, Sibo Zhu52 and Christopher E. Mason12,13.Afiliação MetaSUB Consortium: 12Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA. 13The Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, New York, NY, USA. 14Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. 15Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. 16University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. 17The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain. 18ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. 19Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA. 20City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. 21Kenya Medical Research Institute/Medical Research Directorate-Africa, Kisumu, Kenya. 22University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA. 23Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India. 24University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. 25Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile. 26Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Doha, Qatar. 27California State University Sacramento, Sacramento, CA, USA. 28University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA. 29Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France. 30A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil. 31Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Kjeller, Norway. 32University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. 33Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine. 34University of Applied Sciences FH-Campus Wien, Vienna, Austria. 35King’s College London, London, UK. 36Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay. 37Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam, South Korea. 38Corporación Corpogen, Bogotá, Colombia. 39Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland. 40HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA. 41Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. 42Microba, Brisbane, Australia. 43University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. 44Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Laboratório de Hanseníase, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 45Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 46Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. 47University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. 48Elizade University, Ondo State, Nigeria. 49Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey. 50Sorbonne University, Paris, France. 51Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany. 52Fudan University, Shanghai, China. 53Vietnamese-German Center of Excellence, Hanoi, Vietnam. 54Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan. 55University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA. 56Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance, Santiago, Chile. 57Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria. 58University of Alaska
Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA. 59Univeristätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.Although disinfection is key to infection control, the colonization patterns and resistomes of hospital-environment microbes remain underexplored. We report the first extensive genomic characterization of microbiomes, pathogens and antibiotic resistance cassettes in a tertiary-care hospital, from repeated sampling (up to 1.5 years apart) of 179 sites associated with 45 beds. Deep shotgun metagenomics unveiled distinct ecological niches of microbes and antibiotic resistance genes characterized by biofilm-forming and human-microbiome-influenced environments with corresponding patterns of spatiotemporal divergence. Quasi-metagenomics with nanopore sequencing provided thousands of high-contiguity genomes, phage and plasmid sequences (>60% novel), enabling characterization of resistome and mobilome diversity and dynamic architectures in hospital environments. Phylogenetics identified multidrug-resistant strains as being widely distributed and stably colonizing across sites. Comparisons with clinical isolates indicated that such microbes can persist in hospitals for extended periods (>8 years), to opportunistically infect patients. These findings highlight the importance of characterizing antibiotic resistance reservoirs in hospitals and establish the feasibility of systematic surveys to target resources for preventing infections
Cesteh divulga nota para proteção de trabalhadores frente a pandemia da Covid-19
No full textDia 28 de abril, em que é celebrado o Dia Mundial de Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho e no Brasil, como Dia Nacional em Memória das Vítimas de Acidentes e Doenças do Trabalho, acontece este ano num cenário de extrema gravidade e risco à vida dos trabalhadores e trabalhadoras, o cenário da pandemia do Covid-19. De acordo com a Frente Ampla em Defesa da Saúde de Trabalhadores e Trabalhadoras, a contaminação, adoecimento e morte de profissionais de saúde têm sido recorrentes em todos os países que estão vivendo a crise sanitária e necessitam de atenção específica voltada à prevenção, no âmbito e reconhecimento de direitos trabalhistas e previdenciários, no âmbito da proteção social. A Frente, constituída por mais de 23 movimentos sociais – dentre eles, o Centro de Saúde do Trabalhador e Ecologia Humana (Cesteh/ENSP) e a Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva (ABRASCO) – elaborou uma Nota Técnica que objetiva informar e orientar trabalhadores sobre direitos e responsabilidades no atual contexto de pandemia pelo novo coronavírus. Para ler a nota técnica na intergra, acesse o link indicado no campo "Fonte da publicação anterior", abaixo
The Asian tiger mosquito in Brazil: Observations on biology and ecological interactions since its first detection in 1986
No full textAedes (Stegomyia) albopictus is a mosquito originating from the Asian continent, which was detected in the Americas in 1985 and Brazil in 1986. Due to its rapid expansion throughout Brazil, this species has already been reported in 26 of the 27 federative units of Brazil. In this review, we evaluate some of the biological, epidemiological and ecological characteristics of Ae. albopictus through critical analysis of their importance in the pathogen transmission dynamics, since its first record in the country. We show that immature forms of this species are frequently found in artificial breeding sites whereas females exhibit anthropophilic behavior despite its eclecticism on blood feeding. In addition, Ae. albopictus shows advantages in interspecific competition with Ae. aegypti for both immature and adult stages. Taking together, these aspects as well as its vector competence indicate that Ae. albopictus could act as a bridge vector between sylvatic and urban pathogen transmission cycles. We conclude by pointing to the need of continuous surveillance of Ae. albopictus in Brazil and raise several questions that still need to be answered.2025-01-0
A fórceps: Paulo Buss fala sobre Covid-19 e a saúde em todas as políticas
No full textEm artigo exclusivo para a revista Radis, o professor emérito da Fiocruz e membro titular da Academia Nacional de Medicina do Brasil, sanitarista Paulo Buss, alerta para relação entre determinantes sociais, econômicos e ambientais e pandemia. “Precisaremos de um novo fórceps, que certamente virá, para extrair de governos e da sociedade políticas públicas definitivamente comprometidas com a saúde humana e planetária?”, questiona Buss
Taxonomic Revision of Neotropical Downeshelea Wirth and Grogan Predaceous Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
No full textThe genus Downeshelea was described by Wirth and Grogan based on the diagnostic
characters of the Monohelea multilineata species group. The first descriptions of species were based on
body coloration, which resulted in confusion and misunderstanding of their identification. The aim
of this study was to provide an updated diagnosis and description of Downeshelea, describe 18 new
species, and redescribe 10 previously poorly described species. New records of species, a key for
identification of all New World species, and a table with important morphometric data to distinguish
both males and females of the various species are provided along with distribution maps of the 46
known New World species
Fusarium spp. in Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta): From Colonization to Infection
No full textWith the aim of evaluating the presence of Fusarium spp. in sea turtles with and without lesions and assessing the risk factors favoring colonization and/or infection, 74 loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) admitted to rescue and rehabilitation clinics in Italy were analyzed. The study compared 31 individuals with no apparent macroscopic lesions and 43 individuals with macroscopic lesions. Shell and skin samples were analyzed using Calcofluor white with 10% potassium hydroxide, standard histopathological examination, and fungal cultures. Fusarium spp. were isolated more frequently from animals with superficial lesions (39%) than from those with no macroscopic lesions (16%). Isolates from animals with superficial lesions were Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) lineages haplotypes 9, 12, and 27 (unnamed lineages), FSSC-2 (Fusarium keratoplasticum), Fusarium oxysporum (27%), and Fusarium brachygibbosum (3%). In contrast, only F. solani haplotypes 9 and 12 were isolated from animals with no macroscopic lesions. The presence of lesions was identified as a risk factor for the occurrence of Fusarium spp. Of the 74 animals, only 7 (9.5%) scored positive on microscopic examination with Calcofluor, and histological examination of those 7 animals revealed necrosis, inflammatory cells, and fungal hyphae in the carapace and skin. The results of this study suggest that fusariosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of shell and skin lesions in sea turtles. Direct examination using Calcofluor and potassium hydroxide was not useful to diagnose the infection. Histopathological examination and fungal culture should be performed to ensure correct treatment and infection control
Nethis Informa
No full textBoletim informativo desenvolvido pelo Nethis/Fiocruz Brasília com os principais eventos e notícias. Edição publicada no dia 20/10/2020
Synthesis and SAR study of simple aryl oximes and nitrofuranyl derivatives with potent activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
No full textBackground: Oximes and nitrofuranyl derivatives are particularly important compounds in medicinal chemistry. Thus, many researchers have been reported to possess antibacterial, antiparasitic, insecticidal and fungicidal activities. Methods: In this work, we report the synthesis and the biological activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV of a series of fifty aryl oximes, ArCH=N-OH, I, and eight nitrofuranyl compounds, 2-nitrofuranyl-X, II. Results: Among the oximes, I: Ar = 2-OH-4-OH, 42, and I: Ar = 5-nitrofuranyl, 46, possessed the best activity at 3.74 and 32.0 µM, respectively. Also, 46, the nitrofuran compounds, II; X = MeO, 55, and II: X = NHCH2Ph, 58, (14.6 and 12.6 µM, respectively), exhibited excellent biological activities and were non-cytotoxic. Conclusion: The compound 55 showed a selectivity index of 9.85. Further antibacterial tests were performed with compound 55 which was inactive against Enterococcus faecalis, Klebisiella pneumonae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhymurium and Shigella flexneri. This study adds important information to the rational design of new lead anti-TB drugs. Structure-activity Relationship (SAR) is reported.2060-01-0