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Nethis Informa
No full textBoletim informativo desenvolvido pelo Nethis/Fiocruz Brasília com os principais eventos e notícias. Edição publicada no dia 18/02/2020
Morphological Aspects of Antennal Sensilla of the Rhodnius brethesi Matta, 1919 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) from the Negro River, Amazon Region of Brazil
No full textStudies conducted in river Ererê located in the left margin of Negro River, municipality of Barcelos, state of Amazonas, have confirmed that Rhodnius brethesi has as its natural habitat the palm tree Leopoldinia piassaba. By scanning electron microscopy, sensillum type was studied on the antennae of R. brethesi. The specimens used come from the field and laboratory colony. No differences were observed between R. brethesi and other Triatominae studied. In the R. brethesi antennas, differences were observed only between the antennal segments and in the dorsal and ventral portions. Trichobothria sensilla show a difference
with a lamellar base, suggesting that this conformation of the base of the sensilla is a synapomorphic feature of the genus. Another important observation is that, considering that R. brethesi is a specialist, infesting only one type of palm tree, trichoidea sensilla may be involved with plant-derived odorants. The knowledge of such functions could benefit the understanding of the likely biological role of these structures in chemical communication and also provide basic information for future studies of niche recognition, since this species of triatomine is only found in the L. piassaba palm
A newborn screening pilot study using methylation-sensitive high resolution melting on dried blood spots to detect Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes
No full textPrader-Willi (PWS) and Angelman (AS) syndromes are two clinically distinct imprinted disorders characterized by genetic abnormalities at 15q11-q13. Early diagnosis of both syndromes provides improved treatment and accurate genetic counseling. Whole blood (WB) is the most common DNA source of many methodologies to detect PWS and AS, however, the need of WB makes a massive screening difficult in newborns due to economic and technical limitations. The aim of this study was to adapt a Methylation-sensitive High-Resolution Melting (MS-HRM) approach from dried blood spot (DBS) samples, assessing the different DNA isolation techniques and diagnostic performance. Over a 1-year period, we collected 125 DBS cards, of which 45 had already been diagnosed by MS-HRM (20 PWS, 1 AS, and 24 healthy individuals). We tested three different DBS-DNA extraction techniques assessing the DNA concentration and quality, followed by MS-HRM and statistical comparison. Each DBS-DNA extraction method was capable of accuracy in detecting all PWS and AS individuals. However, the efficiency to detect healthy individuals varied according to methodology. In our experience, DNA extracted from DBS analyzed by the MS-HRM methodology provides an accurate approach for genetic screening of imprinting related disorders in newborns, offering several benefits compared to traditional whole blood methods
Antibacterial Activity of 2-Amino-1,4-naphthoquinone Derivatives against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacterial Strains and Their Interaction with Human Serum Albumin
No full textA series of 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives (NQA-NQF) was synthesized by
alternative methods (ultrasonication and microwave irradiation), with yields ranging from 40 to
71%, and without the need of further recrystallization. Each compound was evaluated against four
Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus)
and five Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae positive β-lactamase) bacteria strains. The
NQF was the most active amino-naphthoquinone derivative with minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC) of 31.2 µg mL-1 against K. pneumoniae positive β-lactamase (a common intestinal bacteria
which can cause life-threatening infections). On the other hand, NQA and NQC showed good
activity as a potential antibiotic for the bacteria strains assayed, except for K. pneumoniae. In
addition, the affinity of these three most active compounds (NQA, NQC, and NQF) for human
serum albumin (HSA) was evaluated employing multiple spectroscopic techniques (steady-state,
time-resolved, and synchronous fluorescence, as well as circular dichroism), combined with
theoretical calculations (molecular docking). The interaction HSA:2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinones
occurs spontaneously and moderately inside the subdomain IIA (Sudlow’s site I) via hydrogen
bonding and van der Waals forces
Nota Técnica 8 de 8 de junho de 2020. Intensidade de trânsito, relaxamento do isolamento social e fluxo de pacientes em grandes cidades
No full textObservatório COVID-19: Informação para a ação.Aborda a relação entre o aumento da circulação das pessoas nas grandes cidades e áreas metropolitanas em virtude do relaxamento das medidas de isolamento social e o provável aumento de casos graves de COVID-19 nessas áreas
Perfil hermatólogico de gestantes com suspeita de infecção por vírus Zika acompanhadas em um Serviço de Referência em Manaus – Amazonas
No full textIntrodução: A infecção por vírus Zika (ZIKV) durante a gestação está associada a alterações no crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil, no entanto, ao tratar-se de uma arbovirose, faz-se necessário investigar as repercussões hematológicas da infecção ao organismo materno e suas possíveis consequências. Este trabalho objetiva descrever o perfil hematológico de gestantes com suspeita de infecção por ZIKV acompanhadas em um serviço de referência para doenças infecciosas em Manaus – Brasil. Métodos: Estudo clínico-epidemiológico, de corte seccional com gestantes com manifestação exantemática durante a fase mais intensa de transmissão do ZIKV em Manaus, entre 2015 a 2017. As gestantes incluídas no estudo foram classificadas em quatro subgrupos, segundo a confirmação laboratorial de infecções (ZIKV positivo; ZIKV e outra infecção; Outra infecção e Não positivo). Os parâmetros hematológicos foram analisados descritivamente. Testou-se a associação entre a situação de infecção materna e o perfil hematológico, e a associação entre o perfil hematológico materno e o desfecho gestacional. Resultados: Foram avaliados os parâmetros hematológicos de 499 gestantes, 166 delas com infecção apenas por ZIKV, 46 com infecção por ZIKV e outra infecção, 57 com outras infecções exceto ZIKV e 230 gestantes com resultado não-positivo para ZIKV e outras infecções. Observou-se parâmetros hemáticos e plaquetários similares entre as gestantes. No entanto, observou-se uma baixa contagem de linfócitos em gestantes ZIKV positivo (p<0,001). Foram observados quadros de hipocromia, leucopenia decorrente de neutropenia e linfocitopenia e parâmetros de MPV abaixo do esperado para a gestação. O risco para o desfecho gestacional desfavorável foi maior entre gestantes com aumento na contagem plaquetária, independentemente da situação de infecção. Conclusão: Através do estudo, identificou-se um perfil hemático e plaquetário semelhante entre as gestantes, diferindo apenas a baixa contagem de linfócitos entre as gestantes ZIKV positivo. Quanto ao desfecho gestacional, observou-se que além dos prejuízos acarretados pela infecção por ZIKV descrita na literatura, identificou-se que alterações plaquetárias maternas podem acarretar desfechos desfavoráveis. Salienta-se a importância de um acompanhamento adequado durante o ciclo gravídico, de forma a identificar precocemente e ofertar tratamento oportuno a ocorrências que podem comprometer a saúde materno-infantil.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy is associated with altered child growth and development. However, the repercussions of the infection on the maternal organism remain little known. Since it is an arbovirus, there is need to investigate the hematological repercussions of ZIKV infection in pregnant women and possible consequences. The present study aims to describe the hematological profile of pregnant women with exanthema condition reported during the intense transmission of ZIKV in Amazonas, followed up in a reference center for infectious diseases. Clinical-epidemiological, cross-sectional study with pregnant women who sought care at a reference center for infectious diseases in Manaus, Brazil. The parameters of the maternal hematological profile were evaluated, with a test of association between the situation of maternal infection and the hematological profile, and of association between the hematological profile and the gestational outcome. There was the evaluation of 499 pregnant women, 166 of them with ZIKV infection alone, 46 with ZIKV infection and another infection, 57 with other infections except ZIKV, and 230 pregnant women with non-positive results for ZIKV and other infections. Similar hematic and platelet parameters were observed among pregnant women. However, a low lymphocyte count was observed in positive ZIKV pregnant women (p <0.001). Hypochromia, leukopenia resulting from neutropenia and lymphocytopenia and MPV parameters below the expected for pregnancy were observed. The risk for the unfavorable pregnancy outcome was higher among pregnant women with an increase in platelet count, regardless of the infection situation. Conclusion: Through the study, a similar blood and platelet profile was identified among pregnant women, differing only the low lymphocyte count among positive ZIKV pregnant women. As for the gestational outcome, it was observed that in addition to the losses caused by ZIKV infection described in the literature, it was identified that maternal platelet changes can lead to unfavorable outcomes. The importance of adequate monitoring during the pregnancy cycle is emphasized, in order to identify early and offer timely treatment to events that may compromise maternal and child healt
Evolutionary analysis of SARS-CoV-2: how mutation of Non-Structural Protein 6 (NSP6) could affect viral autophagy
No full textDevido a pandemia mundial do COVID-19, o artigo da revista foi liberado em acesso aberto durante o ano de 2020, visando divulgação e disseminação.Background: SARS-CoV-2 is a new coronavirus that has spread globally, infecting more than 150000 people, and being declared pandemic by the WHO. We provide here bio-informatic, evolutionary analysis of 351 available sequences of its genome with the aim of mapping genome structural variations and the patterns of selection. Methods: A Maximum likelihood tree has been built and selective pressure has been investigated in order to find any mutation developed during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic that could potentially affect clinical evolution of the infection. Finding: We have found in more recent isolates the presence of two mutations affecting the Non-Structural Protein 6 (NSP6) and the Open Reding Frame10 (ORF 10) adjacent regions. Amino acidic change stability analysis suggests both mutations could confer lower stability of the protein structures. Interpretation
One of the two mutations, likely developed within the genome during virus spread, could affect virus intracellular survival. Genome follow-up of SARS-CoV-2 spread is urgently needed in order to identify mutations that could significantly modify virus pathogenicity. Funding: No specific funding source has been received
Serological and molecular detection of infection with Mycobacterium leprae in Brazilian six banded armadillos (Euphractus sexcinctus)
No full textAcesso aberto em 26/04/2020 - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147957119301948?via%3DihubLeprosy was recognized as a zoonotic disease, associated with nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) in the Southern United States of America in 2011. In addition, there is growing evidence to support a role for armadillos in zoonotic leprosy in South America. The current study evaluated twenty specimens of the six-banded armadillo (Euphractus sexcinctus), collected from rural locations in the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brazil for evidence of infection with Mycobacterium leprae. Serum was examined using two "in-house" enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and via two commercially available (ML flow and NDO-LID®) immunochromatographic lateral flow (LF) tests, for detection of the PGL-I and/or LID-1 antigens of the bacterium. The presence of M. leprae DNA in liver tissue was examined using the multi-copy, M. leprae-specific repetitive element (RLEP), as target in conventional and nested PCR assays. Molecular and anti-PGL-I-ELISA data indicated that 20/20 (100 %) of the armadillos were infected with M. leprae. The corresponding detection levels recorded with the LF tests were 17/20 (85 %) and 16/20 (85 %), for the NDO-LID® and ML flow tests, respectively. Our results indicate that, in common with D. novemcinctus, six banded armadillos (a species hunted and reared as a food-source in some regions of Brazil, including RN), represent a potential reservoir of M. leprae and as such, their role in a possible zoonotic cycle of leprosy within Brazil warrants further investigation
Quantification of total flavonoids of Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. cultivated from hydroponic form in the west region of Paraná
No full textA Revista Fitos é um periódico científico interdisciplinar, em acesso aberto, sem custos para autores e de difusão gratuita, com publicação em fluxo contínuo, organizado, gerenciado e editado pelo Centro de Inovação em Biodiversidade e Saúde (CIBS), do Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos (Farmanguinhos), da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Tendo a inovação em Biodiversidade e Saúde como escopo, o periódico publica artigos científicos inéditos e originais abordando a pesquisa, o desenvolvimento tecnológico e a inovação em Biodiversidade e Saúde e as inter-relações entre suas diversas dimensões. Os manuscritos deverão ser redigidos em português, inglês ou espanhol, do tipo: artigo de pesquisa, artigo de revisão, relato de experiência, comunicação breve, ensaio, perspectiva, resenha, carta e monografia de espécies da biodiversidade brasileira. Os autores deste artigo não possuem vínculo com a Fiocruz. Link da revista: https://periodicos.fiocruz.br/pt-br/revista-fitosA hortaliça Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav., popularmente conhecida como rúcula, apresenta vários benefícios à saúde tais como, atividades anti-inflamatórias e antioxidantes em organismos vivos, por apresentar em sua composição proteínas, vitaminas A e C, sais minerais e flavonoides. Os flavonoides têm recebido muita atenção nos últimos anos devido aos vários efeitos benéficos, como auxiliador no controle de processos anti-inflamatórios. O trabalho teve como objetivo quantificar flavonoides totais da rúcula produzida de forma hidropônica na região oeste do Paraná, utilizando agitação mecânica por Shaker a 170 rpm, com diferentes tempos (12, 24, 36 e 48 h) e temperaturas (25°C e 55°C), além de, também, considerar o tempo de cultivo da planta (7, 14 e 21 dias). O material vegetal fresco foi cortado e utilizou-se 5 g das folhas da hortaliça, com a umidade de 92%, a 100 mL de solvente (metanol e água). Após a obtenção dos extratos, realizou-se a leitura dos flavonoides totais no espectrofotômetro UV-Vis em comprimento de onda 440 nm, em comparação com a curva padrão de quercetina. Para os testes realizados, o resultado mais satisfatório foi obtido com metanol (MeOH) 80%, no tempo de extração de 12 h a 55°C, utilizando a planta cultivada por 7 dias.The Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. vegetable, popularly known as arugula, has several health benefits, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in living organisms, as it contains proteins, vitamins A and C, minerals and flavonoids. Flavonoids have received a lot of attention in recent years due to the various beneficial effects, as an aid in the control of anti-inflammatory processes. The work aimed to quantify total flavonoids from arugula produced in a hydroponic way in western Paraná, using mechanical shaking by Shaker at 170 rpm, with different times (12, 24, 36 and 48 h) and temperatures (25°C and 55°C), besides also considering the plant's cultivation time (7,14 and 21 days). The fresh vegetable material was cut and 5 g of the leaves of the vegetable were used, with the humidity of 92%, to 100 mL of solvent (methanol - MeOH and water). After obtaining the extracts, the total flavonoids were read on the UV-Vis spectrophotometer at wavelength 440 nm, compared to the standard quercetin curve. For the tests carried out, the most satisfactory result was obtained with 80% MeOH, in the extraction time of 12 h at 55°C, using the plant grown for 7 days