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Designing recombinant MVAs as dual-antigen vector vaccines against SARS-CoV-2
No full textOs autores externos submeteram sua publicação para apresentação de trabalho no evento “International Symposium on Immunobiologicals”, que foi coordenado e organizado pelo Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
Pacientes com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise: determinação da prevalência de SARSCoV2 e HCV e o impacto da doença renal crônica como fator de risco às infecções virais
No full textO SARS-CoV-2 tem tropismo por diferentes tipos celulares, incluindo as renais, uma vez que estas apresentam seu receptor, a a Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina 2 (ACE2). A COVID-19 apresenta alta letalidade em pacientes idosos e com comorbidades, como os portadores doença renal crônica (DRC), que é considerada um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de complicações secundárias para a doença. Pacientes com DRC em hemodiálise estão no grupo de maior vulnerabilidade para aquisição da hepatite C, devido à maior exposição a procedimentos invasivos, e ao SARS-CoV-2 a presença de comorbidades pré-existente. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de anticorpos IgG anti-HCV e IgG/IgM SARS-CoV-2 em pacientes com DRC em hemodiálise. Este é um estudo do tipo transversal em que amostras de soro e secreção de naso/orofaríngea foram coletadas de 398 pacientes renais crônicos, recrutados de três instituições de diálise no Rio de Janeiro entre setembro de 2020 e janeiro de 2021. Amostras de secreção respiratória foram submetidas à detecção do SARS-CoV-2 RNA por PCR em tempo real e as amostras de soro à detecção de anticorpos IgG e IgM para SARS-CoV-2 e IgG para HCV empregando ensaios imunoenzimáticos. Também foram realizadas detecção e quantificação do RNA do HCV por PCR em tempo real. Sendo assim, concluímos que em geral, a média das idades foi de 53 anos, com predominância do sexo masculino, cor de pele preta e baixa escolaridade. A doença de base encontrada foi nefropatia hipertensiva, seguida de nefropatia diabética. A prevalência de anti-SARS-CoV-2 foi de 54,5%, Já para o SARS-CoV-2 RNA foi de 0,8% e a prevalência de anti-HCV e HCV RNA foi 5,5% e 3,5%, respectivamente. Os genótipos circulantes para HCV eram os genótipos 1a, 1b, 3Studies on the affinity of SARS-CoV-2 with the angiotensin 2 enzyme-converting receptor (ACE2) show us the fact that COVID-19 has high lethality in patients and with comorbidities such as chronic renal failure (CKD) which is considered a factor risk for the development of secondary complications for COVID-19. Patients on hemodialysis with CKD are a large vulnerable group for acquiring hepatitis C, with greater exposure to invasive procedures and SARS-CoV-2 with pre-existing comorbidities. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of anti-HCV and IgG/IgM SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in patients with CKD and on hemodialysis. This is a cross-sectional study in which we discussed sadness and nasal/oropharyngeal discharge were collected from 398 chronic rebirth patients recruited from three dialysis institutions in Rio de Janeiro between September 2020 and January 2021. consent and will respond to a structured questionnaire form. Respiratory secretion devices for detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected by real-time PCR and as fasting agents for detecting IgG and IgM antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and IgG for HCV inhibitory immunosuppressive therapy. We also perform detection and quantification of HCV RNA by real-time PCR. The population studied had an equal mean of 52.1 ± 15.2 years, with a predominance of males, black skin color and low education. The prevalence of anti-HCV IgG was 5.5% and of HCV RNA equal to 3.5%. We observed the presence of IgG / IgM anti-SARS-CoV-2 in 54.5% and 0.88% for the RNA of SARS-CoV-2. Regarding the comorbidity of patients with CKD, we have been associated with a higher incidence of hypertension and diabetes, which are also associated with a greater clinical decline in Covid-19 Risk measures for acquisitions of HCV include blood transfusion and surgery. HCV genotypes circulating in population forms 1a, 1b and 3. In our study, we did not observe co-infection at the time the coli was performed. In addition, there is a high prevalence of anti-SARS CoV-2 and Hepatitis C and SARS-CoVRNA levels2025-02-0
Criopreservação e banco de células: porquês e princípios da técnica
No full textdubladoVídeo integrante do Curso Princípios básicos do cultivo de células de mamíferos, que aborda o subtema Criopreservação e banco de células: Porquês e princípios da técnicaFiocruzMP4Tópicos em cultura de células de mamíferosPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologi
Health Science, Technology and Innovation Policy (ST&I/H): an update for debate
No full textEste texto foi preparado sob os auspícios do Comitê de Assessoramento em Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação da Abrasco e é assinado pelos membros do comitê que contribuíram formalmente com ele. Teve como ponto de partida um documento anterior, preparado com base na contribuição da Abrasco e do Centro Brasileiro de Estudos de Saúde (CEBES) para o 8º Simpósio Nacional de Ciência, Tecnologia e Assistência Farmacêutica, promovido em dezembro de 2018 pelo Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Alguns meses depois foi publicado na revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva sob o título de “Política de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação em Saúde”. O texto original foi escrito após a emergência da conjuntura de “Uma Ponte para o Futuro” (2016), documento que marcou o programa de governo de Michel Temer e que se expressou, entre outros aspectos, nas limitações que seriam impostas pela Emenda Constitucional 95 que congelou os gastos públicos por 20 anos. Entretanto, ainda não havia sido inaugurada a conjuntura Jair Bolsonaro, na qual a política econômica de Temer foi radicalizada e a fragilização da democracia no país emergiu com força. Mais ainda, no final de 2019 houve a eclosão da pandemia causada pelo SARS-CoV-2 que impactou todas as dimensões da vida política e social. Estes fatos impuseram essa revisão e atualização, que tem a finalidade de contribuir com o tema e abrir um debate sobre ele.O texto contém uma proposta atualizada de política de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação em Saúde no Brasil e a pertinência da atualização decorre do desastre nas atividades nesse terreno verificadas no país desde o início do atual governo federal em 2019, bem como dos desafios colocados pela emergência da pandemia COVID-19 desde 2020. Ele está organizado em cinco seções, a saber: Pesquisa em Saúde; Inovação Produtiva; Avaliação e Incorporação de Tecnologias em Saúde; Propriedade Intelectual em Saúde; Novos desafios colocados pela Pandemia. Os autores fazem parte do Comitê de Assessoramento em Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação da Abrasco.The text presents an updated proposal for a Health Science, Technology and Innovation Policy in Brazil, following the huge political turmoil in the country since 2019 and the COVID-19 pandemic since 2020. The proposal is presented in five sections: Scientific Research; Productive Innovation; Health Technology Assessment and Incorporation; Intellectual Property in Health; New challenges posed by the Pandemic. The authors take part in the Advisory Committee in Science, Technology and Innovation of the Brazilian Association of Collective Health
Encuadres y desinformación sobre la vacuna COVID-19 en YouTube: revueltas entre ciencia y negación
No full textEste estudo analisa os enquadramentos (framing) e sua relação com a desinformação sobre vacinas contra a COVID-19 em 50 vídeos postados no YouTube em 2020, em canais de influenciadores brasileiros, selecionados a partir do engajamento, considerando visualizações, comentários e likes. Como caminho teórico-metodológico, adota-se a ideia de quadros (frames) como “pacotes interpretativos” que produzem sentidos e têm ressonância na cultura. Os resultados apontam que os quadros “risco e incerteza científica” e “política pública e estratégia política”, apesar de subordinados ao framedominante “novo desenvolvimento tecnológico”, foram os mais associados à ocorrência da desordem informacional em narrativas de médicos, religiosos, youtubers e profissionais da comunicação. A desinformação presente nos discursos antivacina também ocorre em narrativas que defendem a ciência e a vacina, evidenciando as tensões e/ou ambiguidades que podem ocorrer no enquadramento midiático. O frame “novo desenvolvimento tecnológico” foi predominante na amostra e no enfrentamento à desinformação, destacando-se narrativas de pesquisadores e divulgadores da ciência, que demonstram a importância da divulgação científica.This study analyzes framing and its relationship with misinformation in 50 videos from Brazilian influencers about COVID-19 vaccines posted on YouTube in 2020, selected from the engagement, considering views, comments and likes. As a theoretical-methodological path, the idea of fra mes is adopted as “interpretatives packages” that produce meanings and have resonance in culture. The results show that the frames 'Risk and Scientific Uncertainty' and 'Public Policy and Political Strategy', although subordinated to the dominant frame 'New Technological Development', were the most triggered in the occurrence of informational disorder in the narratives of doctors, religious, YouTubers and communication professionals. The misinformation present in anti-vaccine discourses also occurs in narratives that defend science and the vaccine, highlighting the tensions and/or ambiguities that can occur in the media framework. The 'New Technological Development' frame was predominant in the sample and in the fight against misinformation, highlighting the narratives of researchers and science disseminators, which demonstrate the importance of scientific dissemination.Este estudio analiza los encuadres y su relación con la desinformación en 50 videos de influencers brasileños sobre las vacunas COVID-19 publicados en YouTube en 2020, seleccionados del compromiso, considerando las visualizaciones, los comentarios y los ‘me gusta’.Como camino teórico-metodológico, se adopta la ideia de los encuades como “paquetes interpretativos”que producen significados y tienen resonancia en la cultura. Los resultados muestran que los encuadres 'Riesgo e Incertidumbre Científicos' y 'Política Pública y Estrategia Política', aunque subordinados al marco dominante 'Nuevo Desarrollo Tecnológico', fueron los más desencadenados en la ocurrencia de desorden informacional en las narrativas de médicos, religiosos, youtubers y professionales de la comunicación. La desinformación presente en los discursos antivacunas también se da en narrativas que defienden la ciencia y la vacuna, destacando las tensiones y/o ambiguedades que puden darse en el encuadre mediático. El encuadre del 'Nuevo Desarrollo Tecnológico' predominó en la muestra y en la lucha contra la desinformación, destacando las narrativas de investigadores y divulgadores de la ciencia, que demuestran la importancia de la divulgación científica
A Two-Gene Signature for Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Persons With Advanced HIV
No full textCRDF Global
(Award number DAA3-17-63158-1/Country: India). Research
data in this manuscript were collected, in part, as part of the
Regional Prospective Observational Research for Tuberculosis
(RePORT) India Consortium. This work was funded in whole
or in part by federal funds from the Government of India
Department of Biotechnology (DBT); the Indian Council of
Medical Research (ICMR); the National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Office
of AIDS Research; CRDF Global; the National Institutes of
Health Baltimore-Washington-India Clinical Trials Unit for
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Networks
(UM1AI069465 to VM and AG); and the National Institutes of
Health (R01A1I097494 to VM and AG). The work of BBA was
supported by the Intramural Research Program of the Oswaldo
Cruz Foundation, and the National Council for Scientific
and Technological Development (senior CNPq fellowship—tier
1D), Brazil.Transcriptomic signatures for tuberculosis (TB) have been proposed and
represent a promising diagnostic tool. Data remain limited in persons with advanced HIV.
Methods: We enrolled 30 patients with advanced HIV (CD4 < 100 cells/mm3) in India;
16 with active TB and 14 without. Whole-blood RNA sequencing was performed; these
data were merged with a publicly available dataset from Uganda (n = 33; 18 with TB
and 15 without). Transcriptomic profiling and machine learning algorithms identified an
optimal gene signature for TB classification. Receiver operating characteristic analysis
was used to assess performance.
Results: Among 565 differentially expressed genes identified for TB, 40 were shared
across India and Uganda cohorts. Common upregulated pathways reflect Toll-like
receptor cascades and neutrophil degranulation. The machine-learning decision-tree
algorithm selected gene expression values from RAB20 and INSL3 as most informative
for TB classification. The signature accurately classified TB in discovery cohorts
(India AUC 0.95 and Uganda AUC 1.0; p < 0.001); accuracy was fair in external
validation cohorts.
Conclusions: Expression values of RAB20 and INSL3 genes in peripheral blood
compose a biosignature that accurately classified TB status among patients with
advanced HIV in two geographically distinct cohorts. The functional analysis suggests
pathways previously reported in TB pathogenesis
Clinical aspects and detection of Zika virus RNA in several tissues of experimentally infected BALB/c mice
No full textThe aim of the present study was to infect BALB/c mice with ZIKV to evaluate clinical signs and to quantify the viral load in different tissues at three different kinetic points. For this purpose, fifteen mice were inoculated with a 100µl of a viral solution and five other mice were used as negative controls. After euthanasia, nine different tissues were collected and macerated for RNA extraction and quantification. The infections were not lethal. Some of them, however, showed great agitation, hair bristling and itchy skin. Viral RNA was detected in one heart sample, eight samples of spleen and two of skeletal muscle. Seven out of eleven positive samples were from mice euthanized on the third day after infection. Only spleen yielded positive results at a later time of infection. These results contribute to a better understanding of clinical signs and replication dynamics of Zika virus in different organs of BALB/c mice, which are still scarce data in the scientific literature
CoronaFatos: #45 - Segurança da Vacina de Oxford
No full textFicha técnica: Apresentação: Ana Cristina Figueira e Gustavo Audi / Roteiro: Gabriel Fonseca / Produção: Valéria Mauro / Edição e Finalização: Marcelo Louro / Arte: Marcelo Vianna / Idealização: Canal Saúde - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz.O CoronaFatos dessa semana explica o episódio da suspensão do uso da vacina de Oxford/AstraZeneca na Alemanha e em outros países europeus, revista depois que a Agência Regulatória Europeia reafirmou a segurança do imunizante e declarou que ele não está relacionado ao aumento de risco de eventos tromboembólicos, como a formação de coágulos e tromboses. O programa fala também dos resultados animadores de mais ensaios clínicos sobre a vacina de Oxford, realizados nos Estados Unidos, Chile e Peru, que confirmaram sua alta eficácia, inclusive em idosos, e aborda o estudo que apontou que o imunizante é eficaz contra a variante P.1, identificada pela primeira vez no Brasil. Além disso, o episódio trata de uma desinformação que usou o nome da Anvisa para tentar atacar a vacinação
Nitazoxanide superiority to placebo to treat moderate COVID-19 A Pilot prove of concept randomized double-blind clinical trial
No full textInclui: Corrigendum to “Nitazoxanide superiority to placebo to treat moderate COVID-19 A Pilot prove of concept randomized double-blind clinical trial.” [EClinicalMedicine 37 (2021) 100981].Background: The absence of specific antivirals to treat COVID-19 leads to the repositioning of candidates’
drugs. Nitazoxanide (NTZ) has a broad antiviral effect.
Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind pilot clinical trial comparing NTZ 600 mg BID versus Placebo
for seven days among 50 individuals (25 each arm) with SARS-COV-2 RT-PCR+ (PCR) that were hospitalized
with mild respiratory insufficiency from May 20th, 2020, to September 21st, 2020 (ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04348409). Clinical and virologic endpoints and inflammatory biomarkers were evaluated. A five-point
scale for disease severity (SSD) was used.
Findings: Two patients died in the NTZ arm compared to 6 in the placebo arm (p = 0.564). NTZ was superior to
placebo when considering SSD (p < 0001), the mean time for hospital discharge (6.6 vs. 14 days, p = 0.021),
and negative PCR at day 21 (p = 0.035), whereas the placebo group presented more adverse events (p = 0.04).
Among adverse events likely related to the study drug, 14 were detected in the NTZ group and 22 in placebo
(p = 0.24). Among the 30 adverse events unlikely related, 21 occurred in the placebo group (p = 0.04). A
decrease from baseline was higher in the NTZ group for D-Dimer (p = 0.001), US-RCP (p < 0.002), TNF
(p < 0.038), IL-6 (p < 0.001), IL-8 (p = 0.014), HLA DR. on CD4+ T lymphocytes (p < 0.05), CD38 in CD4+ and
CD8+ T (both p < 0.05), and CD38 and HLA-DR. on CD4+ (p < 0.01)
Interpretation: Compared to placebo in clinical and virologic outcomes and improvement of inflammatory out comes, the superiority of NTZ warrants further investigation of this drug for moderate COVID-19 in larger clinical
trials. A higher incidence of adverse events in the placebo arm might be attributed to COVID-19 related symptoms.
Funding: This study was supported by Farmoquimica (FQM), Brazil. Laboratory testing was partially sup ported by a grant from CNPq, Brazil (RD)
High Incidence of Zika or Chikungunya Infection among Pregnant Women Hospitalized Due to Obstetrical Complications in Northeastern Brazil-Implications for Laboratory Screening in Arbovirus Endemic Area
No full textThe diagnostic of arbovirus-related obstetric complications in high-risk pregnancy and childbirth care is challenging, especially in endemic areas. We conducted a prospective study to track active or recent Zika (ZIKV), dengue (DENV), or chikungunya (CHIKV) virus infection among hospitalized pregnant women (PW) with obstetric complications in a hospital at the epicenter of Zika outbreak and ZIKV-related microcephaly in Brazil. Clinical data and blood samples were collected at enrollment and 10 days after the admission of study participants, between October 2018 and May 2019. Further clinical data were extracted from medical records. Samples were screened by molecular and serological tests. Out of 780 participants, 93.1% (95% CI: 91.1-94.7%) presented previous DENV exposure (IgG). ZIKV, CHIKV, and/or DENV laboratory markers of recent or active infection were detected in 130 PW, yielding a prevalence of 16.6% (95% CI: 14.2-19.5%); 9.4% (95% CI: 7.4-11.7%), 7.4% (95% CI: 5.7-9.7%), and 0.38% (95% CI: 0.1-1.2%) of CHIKV, ZIKV, and DENV infections, respectively. Most ZIKV infections were detected by molecular assays (89.6%), while CHIKV infections were detected by serology (95.9%). Our findings highlight the need for arbovirus infections screening in PW with obstetrical complications, potentially associated to these infections in endemic areas regardless of the signs or symptoms suggestive of arboviral disease