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Voice echoes: A critical review and future research agenda on the consequences of employee voice for voicers, their co-workers, and managers
Get PDFConstructive employee voice research has a 50-year tradition, but it is only recently that scholars have begun to focus on the consequences of voice. To date, a systematic review that puts the consequences of constructive voice for the voicer and its recipients—that is, co-workers and managers—at its core is notably absent. We introduce the conceptual metaphor voice echoes to describe that voice creates individual responses for voicers, co-workers, and managers, which further affect how they respond to each other in their roles as voicers and recipients. The purpose of our review is threefold. First, to systematically review the growing body of literature on the consequences of constructive voice for voicers, co-workers, and managers at affective, cognitive, and behavioral levels. Second, to critically analyze the literature on the consequences of voice concerning conceptual and methodological considerations. Third, to outline directions for future research on the consequences of constructive voice
Increased crevassing across accelerating Greenland Ice Sheet margins
Get PDFSurface crevassing on the Greenland Ice Sheet is a large source of uncertainty in processes controlling mass loss due to a lack of comprehensive observations of their location and evolution through time. Here we use high-resolution digital elevation models to map the three-dimensional volume of crevasse fields across the Greenland Ice Sheet in 2016 and 2021. We show that, between the two years, large and significant increases in crevasse volume occurred at marine-terminating sectors with accelerating flow (up to +25.3 ± 10.1% in the southeast sector), while the change in total ice-sheet-wide crevasse volume was within measurement error (+4.3 ± 5.9%). The sectoral increases were offset by a reduction in crevasse volume in the central west sector (−14.2 ± 3.2%), particularly at Sermeq Kujalleq (Jakobshavn Isbræ), which exhibited slowdown and thickening over the study period. Changes in crevasse volume correlate strongly with antecedent discharge changes, indicating that the acceleration of ice flow in Greenland forces significant increases in crevassing on a timescale of less than five years. This response provides a mechanism for mass-loss-promoting feedbacks on sub-decadal timescales, including increased calving, faster flow and accelerated water transfer to the bed
キリスト教倫理における赦しの条件性を巡って（Conditionality of Forgiveness in Christian Ethics)
Get PDFIn Christian ethics, forgiveness is traditionally understood as an unconditional act, modeled after the gratuitous nature of Christ’s sacrificial death. However, this conceptualization of forgiveness has faced increasing scrutiny in recent years, particularly with concerns that offering forgiveness prior to the offender's repentance may perpetuate injustice. Among the foremost proponents of this critique is Anthony Bash, who reframes forgiveness as a ‘moral response,’ asserting that it can only be granted when a necessary moral condition, namely repentance, has been fulfilled. This paper compares Miroslav Volf’s gift-model of forgiveness with Bash’s response-model, particularly focusing on their respective understandings of the conditionality of forgiveness. Although both theologians present divergent perspectives on forgiveness, they share a common commitment to the concept of gift as being non-reciprocal, which is a central tenet of contemporary ‘pure-gift’ theory. An examination of Jacques Derrida’s theory of gift, alongside Ingolf Dalferth’s response, will clarify the contours of non-reciprocity and the modern myth of the ‘pure-gift.’ Finally, this paper argues that John Barclay’s Pauline gift theory offers a necessary correction to the modern interpretation of the ‘pure-gift,’ advancing the debate on the conditionality of forgiveness. As Barclay contends, Paul’s conception of the gift (grace) is unconditioned—prior and incongruous—but not unconditional (non-reciprocal). Building on Barclay’s framework, this paper asserts that forgiveness can be both a prior gift (Volf) and a moral response (Bash). The precedence of forgiveness does not negate the necessity of the offender's repentance; rather, it facilitates and anticipates it
Linking crystal shape and dynamic undercooling: a new framework for inferring magmatic crystallization histories
Get PDFLight‐Driven Reconfigurable Logic in a Monolithic Perovskite Device via Nonlinear Photoresponse Switching
Get PDFModulating nonlinear carrier dynamics in a single‐layer device is essential for achieving complex logic operations with minimal power consumption; however, it remains challenging due to inherently linear charge transport and unipolar photoresponses. Here, a multifunctional optoelectronic logic gate (OELG) based on a bias‐free, single‐layer perovskite device is reported that exhibits light intensity‐dependent polarity switching. Incorporation of poly‐L‐lysine into MAPbI3 enables trap‐state engineering for nonlinear response modulation. An asymmetric dual‐photogate architecture allows spatially controlled charge transport by tuning the position of incident light. This configuration enables the realization of all eight fundamental logic gate functions, including XOR and XNOR, in a single material and device. Additionally, the device independently handles two channels, amplitude inputs, and temporal modulation inputs. It performs logic operations not by pixel‐level imaging, but by applying a scenario‐based conceptual modulation map to the device, with the outputs derived from experimentally recorded photovoltage responses. These findings establish a promising platform for compact, energy‐efficient, light‐driven logic systems with potential applications in light fidelity (Li‐Fi) communication and on‐device artificial intelligence
Excitation of Molecular Hydrogen in Seyferts: NGC 5506 and NGC 3081
Get PDFWe utilize James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Mid Infrared Instrument (MIRI) integral field unit observations to investigate the behavior and excitation of H2 in the nearby Seyfert galaxies NGC 3081 and NGC 5506, both part of the Galactic Activity, Torus, and Outflow Survey (or GATOS). We compare population levels of the S(1) to S(8) rotational H2 emission lines visible to JWST/MIRI spectroscopy to models assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE), in order to estimate the column density and thermal scaling of the molecular gas. For the nuclear regions, we incorporate Very Large Telescope Spectrograph for INtegral Field Observations in the Near Infrared (or VLT/SINFONI) K-band observations to estimate population levels for available rovibrational H2 emission lines, and compare the resultant population curves to non-LTE radiative transfer models and shock modeling. We report a differing set of prominent active galactic nuclei (AGN)-driven excitation mechanisms between the two galaxies. For NGC 3081, we find that a non-LTE radiative transfer environment is adequate to explain observations of the nuclear region, indicating that the primary mode in which the AGN transfers excitation energy is likely irradiation. We estimate the extent of AGN photoionization along the ionization bicone to be ≈330 pc. In contrast, for NGC 5506, we find a shock scenario to be a more plausible excitation mechanism, a conclusion bolstered by an observed spatial correlation between higher-energy rotational H2 and [Fe II]5.34μm emission. In addition, we identify potential nuclear H2 outflows resulting from an interaction between the ionization bicone and the rotational disk. By isolating the outflowing component of the H2 emission, we estimate the warm molecular mass outflow rate to be 0.07 M⊙ yr−1
Predicting the combined impacts of future management and climate change on moorland bird species
Get PDFUnderstanding the combined effects of wildlife management and climate change on species is important for planning appropriate interventions. However, predictions of the effectiveness of management interventions alongside climate change impacts remain rare. We investigated the importance of combined management‐climate change predictions for upland moorland bird populations in Great Britain (GB). Current management over many moorland areas comprises rotational burning of heather and predator control, which benefit some species but negatively impacts others. We used land cover data, heather moor burning data and bird survey data across 8095 2‐km grid cells to model how upland bird populations may respond to land management and climate change scenarios. More spatial variation in abundance of each species was explained by underlying environmental predictors, including key climate and land cover variables, than by moorland management intensity. We predicted red grouse (Lagopus lagopus), the primary target of current management, to decline by 33% [30%–38%] across GB if management promoting their numbers (for hunting) ceased, even if land continued to be dominated by suitable habitat. Under the same scenario, we predicted smaller declines in populations of curlew (Numenius arquata; 11% [7%–14%]) and golden plover (Pluvialis apricaria; 6% [3%–9%]), two species of high conservation value considered beneficiaries of current management. When a cessation of grouse moor management was considered in conjunction with future climate change, predicted declines were much stronger. This difference was particularly noticeable for golden plover (30%–37% declines by the 2040s; 27%–34% by the 2080s), though stronger declines were also predicted in red grouse (2040s, 52%–62%; 2080s, 49%–80%) and curlew (2040s, 25%–32%; 2080s, 15%–26%). Such differences in population trajectories were particularly pronounced at a regional scale, with stronger population declines predicted in the combined scenario in most regions. Synthesis and applications. Our study illustrates the value of combining predictions of the impacts of management and climate change on animal populations. Management decisions guided by models fitted only under contemporary scenarios may lead to unexpected, and potentially undesirable, population trajectories as climatic conditions change over the short and medium term
Behavioral syndromes are associated with social plasticity and competence in a wild primate
Get PDFThe ability to optimize social behavior to varying socioecological circumstances has been termed “social competence” and relies on behavioral plasticity. Behavioral syndromes, i.e. consistent individual differences in intraindividual correlations among behavioral traits, appear to be a constraint on social competence, yet studies exploring this have largely been limited to experimental laboratory settings. Here, we tested the importance of behavioral syndromes to social competence in wild Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus), an endangered primate with established links between positive social relationships and survival. We studied two groups (n = 27 individuals) in which behavioral syndrome phenotypes were established in a previous study. Individuals with lower scores for the “excitable” phenotype (roughly equivalent to the “shy-bold” axis in other studies) showed greater plasticity compared to more “excitable” (i.e., “bolder”) individuals in affiliative responses to the immediate social environment, being more likely to initiate grooming with larger numbers of conspecific bystanders present. Less excitable individuals increased their grooming social network connectivity to a greater degree compared to more excitable individuals in periods of higher anthropogenic pressure. During colder weather, less excitable individuals concentrated their grooming network into fewer ties, whereas more excitable individuals slightly increased their number of connections. Any changes in network connectivity in relation to socioecology were small, reflecting the fact that stability in social network position is a common phenomenon in various taxa. Overall, we show that behavioral syndrome phenotypes influence plasticity in affiliative behavior and thus may be a key factor in individual responses to the rapidly changing socioecologies of the Anthropocene
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