Vienna University of Economics and Business
Elektronische Publikationen der Wirtschaftsuniversität WienNot a member yet
4204 research outputs found
Sort by
Understanding disruptive technology transitions in the global logistics industry: the role of ecosystems
Get PDFPurpose: Disruptive technologies in the global logistics industry are often regarded as a threat to the existing business models of incumbents’ companies. Existing research, however, focuses mainly on whether technologies have disruptive potential, thereby neglecting when such disruptive transitions occur. To understand the timing of potential disruptive technological change, this paper aims to investigate the elements of the underlying ecosystem shaping these transitions.
Design/methodology/approach: Building on the established ecosystem framework from Adner and Kapoor (2016a), this paper constructs four categories of technology substitution to assess how quickly disruptive change may occur in the global logistics industry and defines key technology substitution determinants in logistics to emphasize the role of ecosystems for further consideration into disruptive innovation theory.
Findings: Based on the key determinants, this paper proposes first definitions of distinctive ecosystems elements linked to the three types of innovations, namely, sustaining innovations, low-end disruptions and new-market disruptions, thereby integrating ecosystems into Christensen’s (1997) disruptive innovation theory.
Originality/value: By developing a framework that conceptualizes the pace of technology substitution, this paper contributes to a more nuanced understanding of how logistics managers and academics can better predict disruptive transitions and develop strategies to allocate resources
The risk and consequences of multiple breadbasket failures: an integrated copula and multilayer agent-based modeling approach
Get PDFClimate shocks to food systems have been thoroughly researched in terms of food security and supply chain management. However, sparse research exists on the dependent nature of climate shocks on food-producing breadbasket regions and their subsequent cascading impacts. In this paper, we propose that a copula approach, combined with a multilayer network and an agent-based model, can give important insights on how tail-dependent shocks can impact food systems. We show how such shocks can potentially cascade within a region through the behavioral interactions of various layers. Based on our suggested framework, we set up a model for India and show that risks due to drought events multiply if tail dependencies during extremes drought is explicitly taken into account. We further demonstrate that the risk is exacerbated if displacement also takes place. In order to quantify the spatial–temporal evolution of climate risks, we introduce a new measure of multilayer vulnerability that we term Vulnerability Rank or VRank. We find that with higher food production losses, the number of agents that are affected increases nonlinearly due to cascading effects in different network layers. These effects spread to the unaffected regions via large-scale displacement causing sudden changes in production, employment and consumption decisions. Thus, demand shifts also force supply-side adjustments of food networks in the months following the climate shock. We suggest that our framework can provide a more accurate picture of food security-related systemic risks caused by multiple breadbasket failures which, in turn, can better inform risk management and humanitarian aid strategies
Finance and the multinational compangy: Building bridges between finance and global strategy research
Get PDFThis paper argues for, and contributes
to, a stronger integration of research on finance and
international business/global strategy. We perform bibliometric
analysis of journal publications between 2010 and
2016 and show that papers published in the two domains
relate to very different underlying literatures which, so far, have had a limited overlap. We further argue based on a
qualitative review of the literature that both fields offer substantial
novel perspectives, models, and theories to each
other that have the potential to enrich our theoretical understanding
of relevant research questions in both domains. We
map various pathways for further integration of international
business/global strategy and finance fields and discuss different
ways how to better connect the two fields and their
different research perspectives and research methodologies.
Managerial Summary: In this paper we, first, find that
publications from the field of finance and from the area of
international business/global strategy relate to very different
literatures. Second, we show that both fields would
indeed offer substantial and relevant novel perspectives to
each other. Third, we develop various pathways for a more
intense integration of both literatures. Given the relevance
of both international business/global strategy and finance
perspectives for business practice, we strongly believe that
a more intense integration also bears substantial implications
for managers. This is as much of the knowledge
developed in international business/global strategy and
finance did not fully transfer into the respective other field
Asymmetric Information in Automobile Insurance: Evidence from Driving Behavior
Get PDFBased on a unique data set of driving behavior we test whether private information in driving characteristics has significant effects on contract choice
and risk in automobile insurance. We define a driving factor based on overall distance driven, number of car rides, and speeding. Using local weather
conditions, we account for the endogeneity of the driving factor. While this
driving factor has an effect on risk, there is no significant evidence for selection effects in the level of third-party liability and first-party insurance
coverage
The Ever-Changing Personality: Revisiting the Concept of Triple-Loop Learning
Get PDFPurpose - Considering personality as changeable through a bottom-up process of altering states, habits and
traits, constitutes a shift in the predominant paradigm within personality psychology. The purpose of this
paper is to reconsider Bateson's theory of learning and organizational triple-loop learning in light of this
recent empirical evidence.
Design/methodology/approach - This paper uses a multi-disciplinary conceptual approach. Based on
an integrative analysis of literature from recent work in personality psychology, four dimensions (process,
content, time and context) are identified that allow linking personality change and triple-loop learning.
Findings - Identifying a bottom-up process of changing states, habits and traits as being central to change
personality, allows for reconsidering Bateson's theory of learning as a theory of personality development
(Learning II) and personality change (Learning III). Functionally equivalent, organizational triple-loop
learning is conceptualized as a change in an organization's identity over time that may be facilitated through a
change in responding to events and a change in the organization's routines.
Practical implications - Interventions that change how organizations respond to events and that change
the routines within an organization may be suitable to facilitate triple-loop learning in terms of changing
organizational identity over time.
Originality/value - This paper contributes to the discussion on Bateson's theory of learning and
organizational triple-loop learning. As interest in personality change grows in organization studies, this paper
aims to transfer these findings to organizational learning
Circular economy strategies for adaptive reuse of cultural heritage buildings to reduce environmental impacts
Get PDFCircular economy strategies seek to reduce the total resources extracted from the environment and reduce the wastes that human activities generate in pursuit of human wellbeing. Circular Economy concepts are well suited to the building and construction sector in cities. For example, refurbishing and adaptively reusing underutilized or abandoned buildings can revitalize neighborhoods whilst achieving environmental benefits. Cultural heritage buildings hold a unique niche in the urban landscape. In addition to shelter, they embody the local cultural and historic characteristics that define communities. Therefore, extending their useful lifespan has multiple benefits that extend beyond the project itself to the surrounding area, contributing to economic and social development. To explore this complex issue, the research applies systematic literature review and synthesis methods. Decision makers lack knowledge of the environmental benefits of adaptive reuse of cultural heritage buildings and lack tools to implement these projects. A new comprehensive circular economy framework for the adaptive reuse of cultural heritage buildings to reduce environmental impacts intends to meet these needs. The framework integrates methods and techniques from the building and construction literature that aim to reduce lifecycle environmental impact of buildings with a circular product supply chain approach
The legitimation crisis of democracy: emancipatory politics, the environmental state and the glass ceiling to socio-ecological transformation
Get PDFThe democratic legitimation imperativeof the modern state has been conceptualised as the barrier that stops the environmental state from developing into a green or eco-state–and thus as the glass ceiling to a socio-ecological transformation of capitalist consumer democracies. Here, I suggest that this state-theoretical explanation of the glass ceiling needs to be supplemented by an analysis of why democratic norms and procedures, which had once been regarded as essential for any socio-ecological transformation, suddenly appearas one of its main obstacles. I conceptualise the new eco-political dysfunctionality of democracy as one dimension of a more encompassing legitimation crisis of democracy which, in turn, has triggered a profound transformation of democracy. Ultimately, exactly this transformation constitutes the glass ceiling to the socioecological restructuring of capitalist consumer societies. It changes democracy into a tool for the politics of unsustainability, in which the legitimation-dependent state is a key actor
Distributional National Accounts (DINA) with Household Survey Data: Methodology and Results for European Countries
Get PDFThe paper builds Distributional National Accounts (DINA) using household survey data. We present a transparent and reproducible methodology to construct DINA whenever administrative tax data are not available for research and apply it to various European countries. By doing so, we build synthetic microdata files which cover the entire distribution, include all income components individually aligned to national accounts, and preserve the detailed socioeconomic information available in the surveys. The methodology uses harmonized and publicly available data sources (SILC, HFCS) and provides highly comparable results. We discuss the methodological steps and their impact on the income distribution. In particular, we highlight the effects of imputations and the adjustment of the variables to national accounts totals. Furthermore, we compare different income concepts of both the DINA and EG-DNA approach of the OECD in a consistent way. Our results confirm that constructing DINA is crucial to get a better picture of the income distribution. Our methodology is well suited to build synthetic microdata files which can be used for policy evaluation like social impact analysis and microsimulation.Series: INEQ Working Paper Serie
COVID-19 Pandemie in Österreich – Zufriedenheit der Bürger*innen mit Maßnahmen und Kommunikation
Get PDFWir bewerten die Zufriedenheit mit verschiedenen Aspekten der COVID-19-Krise 2020 für eine repräsentative Stichprobe von 1798 in Österreich lebenden Befragten. Eine zuvor geplante Datenerhebung wurde um Erhebungsfragen ergänzt, die auf konkreten Fragen basieren, die in einer Sitzung des BKA-Clearing Boards (Dienstag, 14.04.2020: Subarbeitsgruppe Psycho-Soziale-Effekte im Rahmen von "COVID-19 / Future Operations").
Insgesamt sind in Österreich lebende Menschen zufrieden mit den abgefragten Aspekten der COVID-19 Krise: Sämtliche Mittelwerte liegen im positiven Bereich der Skala (also über 0 auf der Skala von -3 bis +3). Die größte Zufriedenheit zeigen die Befragten mit sich selbst im Umgang mit der von Regierung und Arbeitgeber\*in gesetzten Maßnahmen zur Bewältigung der Krise. Das betrifft sowohl die Umsetzung als auch die Einhaltung der Maßnahmen durch die Befragten. Im Gegensatz dazu ist die Zufriedenheit am geringsten, wenn es um die Befolgung der Maßnahmen durch Nachbarn und andere Bürger\*innen sowie um die Berichterstattung über die Maßnahmen in den österreichischen Medien geht. Die Schichtung nach Geschlecht, Alter, Bundesland, Bildungsabschluss, Beruf oder beruflichem Sektor zeigt geringe, aber keine bedeutenden Unterschiede zwischen den jeweiligen Untergruppen. Die Splittung nach Altersgruppen zeigt, dass je älter die Befragten sind, desto zufriedener sind sie mit der Befolgung der COVIC-19 Maßnahmen durch andere (Mit)Bürger*innen / die Bevölkerung. Mit der Regierung, sowohl hinsichtlich des Umgangs mit der Krise als auch die Kommunikation der Maßnahmen betreffend, sind Selbstständige am wenigsten und Studierende am meisten zufrieden. Zu beachten ist allerdings, dass die Datensammlung vor der zweiten Lockerung der Restriktionen für (kleine) Unternehmen durchgeführt wurde
Between empowerment and abuse: citizen participation beyond the post-democratic turn
Get PDFIn this special issue on “Democratization beyond the Post-Democratic Turn. Political Participation between Empowerment and Abuse”, we have explored changing understandings of participation in contemporary Western representative democracies through the analytical lens of the concept of the post-democratic-turn. We have investigated technology-based, market-based, and expert-led innovations that claim to enhance democratic participation and to provide policy legitimation. In this concluding article, I revisit the cases made by the individual contributors and analyse how shifting notions of participation alter dominant understandings of democracy. I carve out how new and emerging ideas of participation are based on different understandings of political subjectivity; furthermore, how constantly rising democratic expectations and simultaneously increasing scepticism with regard to democratic processes and institutions point to a growing democratic ambivalence within Western societies. Making use of Dahl’s conceptualization of democracy, in this article, I review changing understandings of participation in light of their contribution to further democratization. The article shows how under post-democratic conditions the simulative performance of autonomy and subjectivity has become central to democratic participation. It emphasizes that what in established perspectives on democratization might appear as an abuse of participation, through the lens of a post-democratic-turn might be perceived as emancipatory and liberating