Vienna University of Economics and Business
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Home, sweet home? The impact of working from home on the division of unpaid work during the COVID-19 lockdown
Get PDFA lockdown implies a shift from the public to the private sphere, and from market to non-market production, thereby increasing the volume of unpaid work. Already before the pandemic, unpaid work was disproportionately borne by women. This paper studies the effect of working from home for pay (WFH), due to a lockdown, on the change in the division of housework and childcare within couple households. While previous studies on the effect of WFH on the reconciliation of work and family life and the division of labour within the household suffered from selection bias, we are able to identify this effect by drawing upon the shock of the first COVID-19 lockdown in Austria. The corresponding legal measures left little choice over WFH. In any case, WFH is exogenous, conditional on a small set of individual and household characteristics we control for. We employ data from a survey on the gendered aspects of the lockdown. The dataset includes detailed information on time use during the lockdown and on the quality and experience of WFH. Uniquely, this survey data also includes information on the division, and not only magnitude, of unpaid work within households. Austria is an interesting case in this respect as it is characterized by very conservative gender norms. The results reveal that the probability of men taking on a larger share of housework increases if men are WFH alone or together with their female partner. By contrast, the involvement of men in childcare increased only in the event that the female partner was not able to WFH. Overall, the burden of childcare, and particularly homeschooling, was disproportionately borne by women.Series: INEQ Working Paper Serie
Kommissionsvorschlag zur Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive: von der nichtfinanziellen Berichterstattung zur Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung
Get PDFSmart and Edible: How Edible Cities Create Smart Public Spaces
Get PDFEdible cities enable the public to harvest produce on public land, supported by public governance
arrangements between city administrations and civil society. The main goal of such initiatives is to
transform food systems. The project investigated edible cities by comparing cases in Austria,
Germany and France. Impacts of edible city initiatives were assessed by expert interviews. The
project aimed to generate policy knowledge on the process, outcomes, and good practices of
edible city initiatives, which are potentially relevant for the Vienna Smart City strategy and its
possible further development towards smart food and public spaces. Edible city initiatives that are
jointly driven by the municipality and civil society actors are most promising with regard to citizen
engagement, collective empowerment, and the transformation of urban food systems. To this end,
all actors involved have to develop a shared vision of edible city, and implement it cautiously,
though consistently and in a committed, participatory, and transparent way. This report outlines
concrete policy recommendations for successfully transforming Vienna into an edible city.Series: SRE - Discussion Paper
Modelling and projecting digital trends in European regions: an econometric framework
Get PDFOur modelling strategy assesses model uncertainty explicitly and aims to identify the main drivers of differences in digitalvariables at the household and individual levels in 99 European NUTS-2 regions. Several economic and demographiccovariates are found to be robust predictors of these variables. Our benchmark projection results indicate thathistorical convergence trends in variables related to the access to digital technologies (broadband and internet use)are expected to continue, but that in the absence of particular policy impulses, the digital divide existing in Europe forinternational e-commerce and e-government interactions is not expected to disappear in the coming years
On the elicitability of range value at risk
Get PDFThe debate of which quantitative risk measure to choose in practice has mainly focused on the dichotomy between value at risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES). Range value at risk (RVaR) is a natural interpolation between VaR and ES, constituting a tradeoff between the sensitivity of ES and the robustness of VaR, turning it into a practically relevant risk measure on its own. Hence, there is a need to statistically assess, compare and rank the predictive performance of different RVaR models, tasks subsumed under the term “comparative backtesting” in finance. This is best done in terms of strictly consistent loss or scoring functions, i.e., functions which are minimized in expectation by the correct risk measure forecast. Much like ES, RVaR does not admit strictly consistent scoring functions, i.e., it is not elicitable. Mitigating this negative result, we show that a triplet of RVaR with two VaR-components is elicitable. We characterize all strictly consistent scoring functions for this triplet. Additional properties of these scoring functions are examined, including the diagnostic tool of Murphy diagrams. The results are illustrated with a simulation study, and we put our approach in perspective with respect to the classical approach of trimmed least squares regression
Impact und Wirkungsanalyse in Nonprofit Organisationen, Unter- nehmen und Organisationen mit gesellschaftlichem Mehrwert: Vom Wirkungsmodell über die Messung, Bewertung bis zur Steuerung, Darstellung und Kommunikation
Get PDFThe logics of COVID‐19 travel restrictions between European countries
Get PDFObjectives
The article analyzes the existence of bilateral travel restrictions between European countries during the second wave of the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic. The paper tests three sets of theoretically derived predictions, which follow epidemiological, economic, and political logics.
Method_ We analyze a sample of directed bilateral travel restrictions between 27 European countries: 27.26 = 702 country dyads over a period of 6 months during the second wave of the pandemic.
Results: We find robust and relevant results for the difference in incidence rates, for income from tourism, for trust in government and public administration and for political inclusiveness.
Conclusion: Our analyses demonstrates that economic and political logics exert a strong influence on containment measures and thus stress the relevance of forming a large societal and political coalition against the pandemic
Surge in global metal mining threatens vulnerable ecosystems
Get PDFMining activities induce profound changes to societies and the environment they inhabit. With global extraction of metal ores doubling over the past two decades, pressures related to mining have dramatically increased. In this paper, we explore where growing global metal extraction has particularly taken effect. Using fine-grain data, we investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of mining of nine metal ores (bauxite, copper, gold, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, silver and zinc) across approximately 3,000 sites of extraction worldwide between 2000 and 2019. To approach the related environmental implications, we intersect mining sites with terrestrial biomes, protected areas, and watersheds categorised by water availability. We find that 79% of global metal ore extraction in 2019 originated from five of the six most species-rich biomes, with mining volumes doubling since 2000 in tropical moist forest ecosystems. We also find that half of global metal ore extraction took place at 20 km or less from protected territories. Further, 90% of all considered extraction sites correspond to below-average relative water availability, with particularly copper and gold mining occurring in areas with significant water scarcity. Our study has far-reaching implications for future global and local policy and resource management responses to mitigate the negative effects of the expected expansion of metal mining
Processing stereotypes: professionalism confirmed or disconfirmed by sector affiliation?
Get PDFPublic service stereotypes have been the subject of various studies in public administration research. However, the cognitive processes that form the basis of these stereotypes and the heuristics processing of stereotypical information, remain empirically vague. Starting from insights on the anti-public sector bias and representativeness heuristic, we apply an experimental vignette study (n = 1,412) in which we analyze how citizens process information on employees' sector affiliation. Furthermore, we integrate non-work role-referencing to test the stereotype confirmation assumption underlying the representativeness heuristic. Our results show that sector as well as non-work role-referencing influences perceived employee professionalism but has little effect on positive stereotype confirmation. However, our results do not confirm a congruity effect of consistent stereotypical information