Vienna University of Economics and Business
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Contextuality and Intersectionality of E-Consent: A Human-centric Reflection on Digital Consenting in the Emerging Genetic Data Markets
Full text linkConsent plays an essential role in different digital regulations, such as the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). As a result, obtaining consent from data subjects (e.g. end-users or end-customers) are widely practised by many data controllers (e.g. service providers, companies, or organizations). Considering the importance and the widespread practice of consent-obtaining in different domains, critical and interdisciplinary studies of the current consent-obtaining mechanisms are highly needed. In this paper, we first shortly discuss an interdisciplinary human-centric perspective to consenting and propose that, among others, the contextuality of consent, as well as the potential intersectionality of consent, should be carefully considered in the development of consent-obtaining mechanisms. Then we elaborate on the distinction between “consent to personal data processing for commercial purposes” and “consent to personal data donations intended for research” in the field of direct-to-consumer genetic testing (DTC-GT). We show that based on our human-centric perspective, the contextuality and intersectionality of consent are sometimes overlooked in the current DTC-GT services, which are of considerable significance in the emerging genetic data markets. We hope that this paper can contribute towards the development of human-centric, accountable, lawful, and ethical (HALE) sociotechnical information systems dealing with consent and privacy management as fundamental building blocks of a sustainable digital economy
Learning Civil Courage: A Citizens’ Perspective
Full text linkCivil courage refers to the behavior where people actively intervene to protect a victim in a concrete situation of injustice despite the risk of becoming a victim themselves. To act with civil courage, one requires competencies that relate to prosocial values as well as the physical and social ability to act. In this context, this brief reports the opinions of 2,046 respondents—representatives of Germany with respect to age, gender, and region—on what, according to them, are the best contexts for learning civil courage. “At home and/or from family” as well as “through volunteering” are considered the most suitable contexts to learn civil courage. In contrast, television, social media, and the internet are considered the least supportive contexts
Four great Asian trade collapses
Full text linkThis paper introduces a new dataset of commodity-specific, bilateral import data for four large Asian economies in the interwar period: China, the Dutch East Indies, India and Japan. It uses these data to describe the interwar trade collapses in the economies concerned. These resembled the post-2008 Great Trade Collapse in some respects but not in others: they occurred along the intensive margin, imports of cars were particularly badly affected, and imports of durable goods fell by more than those of non-durables, except in China and India which were rapidly industrialising. On the other hand the import declines were geographically imbalanced, while prices were more important than quantities in driving the overall collapse
Emancipatory struggles and their political organisation: How political parties and social movements respond to changing notions of emancipation
Full text linkIn this article, I address the ways in which debates in liberal, (post)Marxist and postmodernist social theory have remoulded readings of emancipation – and how these reformulations have affected the organisation of emancipatory struggles by and in political parties and social movements. I focus on three conceptual ambiguities that have spurred theoretical disputes and restructured organisational imaginations of emancipation: who might struggle for liberation, to what end and in which ways. In all three respects, understandings of emancipation have become increasingly individualised, contingent and process-oriented – both in theory and in its political-organisational correspondents. As a consequence, effective collective struggles for autonomy may become ever more difficult to organise. While occurring in the name of further liberation, the ongoing reinterpretation of emancipation and its impact on the political organisation of emancipatory struggles might in the end hamper or even undermine the very liberation and autonomy they had aimed to promote
The Circular City and Adaptive Reuse of Cultural Heritage Index: Measuring the investment opportunity in Europe
Full text linkThe long-lived, culturally relevant, and unique buildings of Europe's urban landscapes embody the values of the circular economy (CE) and sustainability. They are central to urban identities, generation after generation. Furthermore, adaptive reuse of cultural heritage buildings (ARCH) contributes to slowing down the extraction of natural resources, reducing energy for new buildings, and reducing construction and demolition waste and greenhouse gas emissions. ARCH's inherent characteristics distinctly express the 2019 European Green Deal's CE objectives and the 2020 building Renovation Wave Strategy. In this context, European city managers, heritage conservationists, and other stakeholders need a systematic method to characterize the investment opportunity for ARCH, considering CE. To fill this methodological gap, this study introduces a new composite indicator called the Circular City Adaptive Reuse of Cultural Heritage Index
Vertrauen in virtuellen Teams? Der Einfluss von zurückliegender Face-to-Face-Kommunikation auf Vertrauen und Vertrauensentwicklung in virtueller Teamarbeit – eine quantitative Analyse unter Masterstudierenden
Full text linkSeries: Theses / Institute for Nonprofit Managemen
Avances tecnológicos en las herramientas lexicográficas y sus repercusiones en la enseñanza del Español de los Negocios
Full text linkEn un tiempo muy breve, la mayor oferta y mejora de las herramientas lexicográficas digitales (diccionarios, traductores, etc.) han cambiado los hábitos de uso de estos recursos por parte de los aprendientes de lenguas extranjeras. Con el objetivo de averiguar cuáles de estos recursos se usan con mayor frecuencia y cuáles ofrecen mejores resultados, se diseñó una prueba en la que se pidió a estudiantes universitarios de Español de los Negocios que tradujeran dos textos, del español al alemán y viceversa, y que grabaran el proceso de traducción. Los datos de 67 informantes de lengua materna alemana muestran un uso cada vez más frecuente de traductores automáticos en detrimento del diccionario bilingüe. Los usuariosde traductores, además, son los que mejores resultados obtienen en las tareas y también los que menos tiempo invierten. La difusión cada vez más generalizada de estas herramientas tiene implicaciones en el aula de lenguas extranjeras: los docentes deben enseñar su manejo y adaptar las tareas a este nuevo contexto
Ohne Priorität für Kampf gegen Arbeitslosigkeit keine Entspannung auf dem Arbeitsmarkt. Zur neuen WIFO-Prognose
Full text linkDie neue Wirtschaftsprognose des WIFO erwartet für das Jahr 2021 einen sehr bescheidenen Anstieg der Wirtschaftsleistung (BIP) um 1,5 Prozent bis 2,3 Prozent – trotz des tiefen Einbruchs im Jahr 2020. Österreich hinkt auch im europäischen Vergleich nach, besonders gegenüber Deutschland. Das liegt nicht an Warenexport und Güterproduktion, sondern am hohen Anteil des Tourismus, am schlechten Pandemie-Management und an den ungenügenden Maßnahmen der Regierung gegen die sozialen Folgen der Krise. Die Forderung nach einer mutigen Arbeitsmarkt- und Investitionsoffensive bleibt dringend
Labour market polarisation revisited: evidence from Austrian vacancy data
Full text linkRecent research suggests that new technologies are important drivers of empirically observed labour market polari-sation. Many analyses in the field of economics are conducted to evaluate the changing share of employment in low-skill, medium-skill and high-skill occupations over time. This occupation-based approach, however, may neglect the relevance of specific skills and skill bundles, which potentially can be used to explain the observable patterns of labour market polarisation. This paper adds to the literature in two ways: First, we present the results of an analysis of data on job vacancies rather than the currently employed and, second, we derive occupation-defining skills using network analysis tools. The analysis and tool usage allowed us to investigate polarisation patterns in Austrian vacancy data from 2007 to 2017 and identify changes in the skills demanded in job vacancies in Austria. In contrast to most previous research, we find no evidence for polarisation, but rather a trend towards upskilling