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Switch-Glitch : Location of Fault Injection Sweet Spots by Electro-Magnetic Emanation
No full textWhile several approaches exist to locate spatial coordinates on a chip that are susceptible to Side-Channel
Analysis (SCA), e.g., Test Vector Leakage Assessment (TVLA), so far, an equivalent for localized Electro-Magnetic (EM) based Fault Injection Analysis (FIA) is missing. This work analyzes the spatial relationship between EM emanation and Electro Magnetic Fault Injection (EMFI) susceptibility and effect. Our experiments are based on a two-step approach where we first capture a heatmap based on a single trace per location, which is then used to find promising spatial EMFI positions. We chose an STM32F303 microcontroller, which shows that the injection locations that result in data modification are almost entirely contained within areas of high Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). An EMFI based attack can be accelerated up significantly using this relationship
A priori error estimates for finite element discretization of semilinear elliptic equations with non-Lipschitz nonlinearities
No full textUnderstanding Regulatory Preferences for Gmos and Nanotechnology: A Cross-Country Analysis of Public Opinion in the USA, Israel, and Germany
No full textSpecific calcium deposition on pre-procedural CCTA at the time of percutaneous coronary intervention predicts in-stent restenosis in symptomatic patients
No full textPurpose: To characterize preprocedural coronary atherosclerotic lesions derived from CCTA and assess their association with in-stent restenosis (ISR) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Materials and methods: This retrospective cohort-study included patients who underwent CCTA for suspected coronary artery disease, subsequent index angiography including PCI and surveillance angiography within 6–8 months after the index procedure. We performed a plaque analysis of culprit lesions on CCTA using a dedicated plaque analysis software including assessment of the surrounding pericoronary fat attenuation index (FAI) and compared findings between lesions with and without ISR at surveillance angiography after stenting.
Results: Overall 278 coronary lesions in 209 patients were included. Of these lesions, 43 (15.5 %) had ISR at surveillance angiography after stenting while 235 (84.5 %) did not. Likewise, plaque composition such as volume of calcification [129.8 mm3 (83.3–212.6) vs. 94.4 mm3 (60.4–160.5) p = 0.06] and lipid-rich and fibrous plaque volume [38.4 mm3 (19.4–71.2) vs. 38.0 mm3 (14.0–59.1), p = 0.11 and 50.4 mm3 (26.1–77.6) vs. 42.1 mm3 (31.1–60.3), p = 0.16] between lesion with and without ISR were not statistically significant. However lesions associated with ISR were more eccentric (n = 37, 86.0 % versus n = 159, 67,7 %; p = 0.03) and more frequently demonstrated calcified portions on opposite sides on the vessel wall on cross-sectional datasets (n = 24, 55.8 % versus n = 55, 23.4 %, p = 0.001). FAIlesion was significantly different in lesions with ISR as compared to those without ISR [-76.5 (−80.1 to −73.6) vs. −80.9 (−88.9 to −74.0), p = 0.02]. There was no difference with respect to FAIRCA between the two groups [-77.4 (−81.9 to −75.6) vs. −78.5 (−86.0 to −71.0), p = 0.41].
Conclusion: Coronary lesions associated with ISR at surveillance angiography demonstrated differences in the arrangement of calcified portions as well as an increased lesion-specific pericoronary fat attenuation index at baseline CCTA. This latter finding suggests that perivascular inflammation at baseline may play a major role in the development of in-stent restenosis
Erster Aktionsplan für die nicht vorsätzliche Einbringung und Ausbreitung invasiver Arten gemäß Verordnung (EU) Nr. 1143/2014: Grundlagen, Inhalte und Ausblick
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Model-Driven Engineering for Machine Learning Code Generation using SysML
No full textThe complexity of engineering products increases due to more functions, components, and the number of involved disciplines. In this respect, Data-Driven Engineering (DDE) aims to integrate machine learning to support product development and help manage the increasing complexity of engineered systems. Still, the potential and opportunities of DDE are not entirely reflected in practice, which among others originate from the rarely available machine learning experts on the market and the effort for the implementation in practice. In this respect, this work depicts an approach based on model-driven engineering, allowing to automatically derive executable machine learning code based on machine learning task formalization using the general-purpose modeling language SysML. The main focus of the approach is on the generality of the model transformation using templates so that extensions and changes to the code generation can be integrated without requiring profound modifications to the code generator. The approach is evaluated in a use case in the domain of Cyber-Physical Systems, i.e., weather forecast prediction based on data from a Cyber-Physical weather system. The derived executable code promises to reduce the time for the implementation and supports the standardization of machine learning implementations within a company due to templates
Towards a Comprehensive Evaluation of Decision Rules and Decision Mining Algorithms Beyond Accuracy
No full textDecision mining algorithms discover decision points and the corresponding decision rules in business processes. So far, the evaluation of decision mining algorithms has focused on performance (e.g., accuracy), neglecting the impact of other criteria, e.g., understandability or consistency of the discovered decision model. However, performance alone cannot reflect if the discovered decision rules produce value to the user by providing insights into the process. Providing metrics to comprehensively evaluate the decision model and decision rules can lead to more meaningful insights and assessment of decision mining algorithms. In this paper, we examine the ability of different criteria from software engineering, explainable AI, and process mining that go beyond performance to evaluate decision mining results and propose metrics to measure these criteria. To evaluate the proposed metrics, they are applied to different decision algorithms on two synthetic and one real-life dataset. The results are compared to the findings of a user study to check whether they align with user perception. As a result, we suggest four metrics that enable a comprehensive evaluation of decision mining results and a more in-depth comparison of different decision mining algorithms. In addition, guidelines for formulating decision rules are presented
Relative-kinematic formulation of geometrically exact beam dynamics based on Lie group variational integrators
No full textGeometrically exact beam models can accurately describe the statics and dynamics of elastic, slender beams undergoing large deformations. This work introduces a variational integrator for such models based on a relative-kinematic formulation, in which positions and velocities of nodes in the discretized beam are expressed relative to the respective preceding nodes in the kinematic chain. The resulting model is especially suited for applications in robotics and control, since it has a minimum number of states and possesses the same structure as rigid mechanical systems, simplifying the combined modeling of rigid–flexible systems. Moreover, this approach allows to specifically select the modeled deformation modes, avoiding numerical issues associated with stiff, high-frequency modes and greatly increasing numerical efficiency. The proposed model is derived fully variationally in the discrete mechanics framework and under consistent consideration of the underlying Lie group structure, which translates into beneficial numerical properties. We provide a detailed treatment of the inclusion of dissipation and propose two solver strategies for time integration, including a linear-time solver based on recursive rigid-body dynamics algorithms. The model is validated and analyzed in detailed simulation studies underlining its efficiency for the simulation of stiff and slender beams, where the straightforward, but exact reduction to a Kirchhoff beam in the presented frame leads to a substantial speed-up of the simulations