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Vectorization of Three-Body Potentials in AutoPas
No full textMolecular dynamics simulations rely on potential functions to model intermolecular interactions. While it is often enough to only consider pair-wise potentials, such as the Lennard-Jones potential, in some situations, it may be necessary to additionally use three-body potentials to produce accurate results. One example of a three-body potential is the Axilrod-Teller potential, which should be implemented in the molecular dynamics library AutoPas. Since the calculation of the potentials is a major part of the runtime of molecular dynamics simulation, an efficient implementation is vital for the performance of the simulation. For this, SIMD instructions also play an important role. Therefore, ways of manually vectorizing the Axilrod-Teller potential with SIMD intrinsics were explored in this work
Ein Baukasten für die Mensch-AMR-Interaktion
No full textWie Menschen und Fahrerlose Transportsysteme miteinander kommunizieren, ist an vielen Stellen noch nicht eindeutig geregelt. Das Forschungsprojekt RoboLingo ging auf die Suche nach den geeignetsten Kommunikationsmitteln
Risk-adjusted Screening for Prostate Cancer-Defining the Low-risk Group by Data from the PROBASE Trial.
No full textBACKGROUND: Risk-adjusted screening for prostate cancer (PCa) aims to reduce harms by less frequent retesting, especially in men at a low risk of PCa. Definitions of low risk are based mainly on studies in men starting screening at age 55-60 yr.
OBJECTIVE: To identify men at age 45 yr with a low risk of PCa.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A population-based, risk-adjusted PCa screening trial was conducted in Germany using baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA) starting in young men (PROBASE).
INTERVENTION: PSA measurements starting at the age of 45 yr.
OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The incidence of PCa within 5 yr was assessed in men with screen-negative baseline PSA <1.5 ng/ml compared with those with PSA 1.5-≤3.0 ng/ml.
RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Of 23301 men who received a first PSA test at age 45 yr, 0.79% had a screen-positive PSA value of ≥3 ng/ml. Among the 89% of men who had a screen-negative baseline PSA value of <1.5 ng/ml, only 0.45% received a positive PSA test ≥3 ng/ml upon retesting after 5 yr. By contrast, for those with a screen-negative baseline PSA value of 1.5-3 ng/ml, 13% surpassed 3 ng/ml upon biennial testing within the next 4 yr. The incidence of PCa in subsequent screening rounds increased with increasing baseline PSA levels, from 0.13 per 1000 person-years for men with initial PSA level of <1.5 ng/ml to 8.0 per 1000 person-years for those with PSA levels of 1.5-3.0 ng/ml. A limitation is a follow-up time of only 5 yr, so far.
CONCLUSIONS: Men with baseline PSA <1.5 ng/ml at age 45 yr are at a very low risk of PCa over the next 5 yr.
PATIENT SUMMARY: The PROBASE study showed that men with baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA) <1.5 ng/ml at age 45 yr have a very low prostate cancer detection rate over 5 yr and do not need PSA retesting during this time
Beyond scalable impacts: Roles of mobility experiments in local transition governance
No full textThe impact of short-term, localized real-world experiments on sustainable change is debated. Our analysis of three mobility experiments shows that even in the absence of quantifiable results, these experiments are still perceived as successful. By highlighting the underlying collective
discursive strategies, we emphasize the different roles of experimentation in local mobility transitions and the importance of social learning and collective understanding in urban experimentation.In this article, we explore the role of real-world experiments in local transition governance,
focusing on the negotiation between measurable impacts and the evaluation of localized, tangible outcomes. In our qualitative comparative analysis, we examine three distinct mobility experiments aimed at advancing sustainable transformation in mobility and urban planning, namely the co-creative
research project
City2Share
in Munich, the political program of the
Superblocks
in Barcelona, and the real-world test bed for automated shuttles
Digibus Austria
in Koppl near Salzburg. Despite the structural limitations of the temporal, spatial, and legal framework and
the uncertainties in measuring the impact, all experiments were presented as successful. This success was negotiated and re-framed via five discursive strategies: mobilizing citizen engagement, highlighting small achievements, manifesting institutional embedding, generating political momentum,
and delegating responsibility. As we argue, success and scaling are not just the result of scientific proof, but also a matter of negotiating the political issues raised by the experiment
Amplification of supersonic micro-jets by resonant inertial cavitation-bubble pair
No full textWe reveal for the first time by experiments that within a narrow parameter regime, two cavitation bubbles with identical energy generated in anti-phase develop a supersonic jet. High-resolution numerical simulation shows a mechanism for jet amplification based on toroidal shock wave and bubble necking interaction. The micro-jet reaches velocities in excess of 1000 m s−1. We demonstrate that potential flow approximation established for Worthington jets accurately predicts the evolution of the bubble gas-liquid interfaces. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved
Static and moving minimum audible angle: Independent contributions of reverberation and position
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