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القوانين الأساسية في القانون القطري: دراسة مقارنة في القانونين المصري والفرنسي
No full textخلاصة الفكرة البحثية لهذه الدراسة أن التشريعات والقوانين تتفاوت في السلم التشريعي من حيث القوة القانونية والوظيفة التفسيرية، وأن هذا التفاوت تترتب عليه آثار في سن القوانين والتشريعات وتطبيقها، لذلك كان من المهم دراسة هذه المسألة في التشريعات القطرية ومقارنة أوجه الاتفاق والاختلاف بينها وبين التشريعات الفرنسية والمصرية في هذا السياق، والوقوف عند الأسباب الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والسياسية والتشريعية التي أدت إلى هذا الاختلاف. وقد اعتمد البحث المنهج المقارن، والمنهج التحليلي الوصفي، والمنهج التاريخي في دراسة هذه المسألة. وتوصل البحث إلى نتائج من أهمها اختلاف القوانين الأساسية في الدستور القطري عن القوانين الأساسية في كل من فرنسا ومصر، من حيث المعيار الموضوعي والشكلي في ترتيب القوانين في السلم التشريعي ومنها أن النظام التشريعي في قطر يعرف قوانين أساسية ذات مرتبة دستورية، وإن كان المشرع القطري لم يمنحها وضعاً خاصاً من حيث الإجراءات، وإنما تمر بنفس الإجراءات المقررة بالنسبة للقوانين العادية. ومنها : أن القوانين الأساسية تتطور تبعاً لخصوصية النظام السياسي والثقافي لكل دولة. وتوصي الدراسة بأهمية الانتقال من تبني القوانين الأساسية بالمعيار الموضوعي في قطر، إلى تبني فكرة القوانين الأساسية وفقاً للمعيار الشكلي، على غرار المشرع الدستوري الفرنسي والمصري؛ لما لهذه القوانين وفقاً لهذا المعيار من دور يدعم الحماية للحقوق والحريات الثابتة بالدستور القطري. كما نوصي بضرورة تفعيل المحكمة الدستورية العليا في قطر؛ لما لها من دور في حماية الحقوق والحريات العامة سواء نظمت بقوانين أساسية وفقاً للمعيار الشكلي أو الموضوعي.he main idea of this study is that laws and regulations vary in the legislative hierarchy in terms of legal force and interpretive function, and that this variation has implications for the enactment and application of laws and regulations. Therefore, it was important to study this issue in Qatari legislation and compare the similarities and differences between it and Egyptian and French legislation in this context, and to examine the economic, social, political, and legislative reasons that led to this difference. The research adopted a comparative approach, a descriptive analytical approach, and a historical approach in studying this issue. The research reached several important conclusions. The fundamental laws in the Qatari constitution differ from the fundamental laws in both France and Egypt in terms of the objective and formal criteria for the order of laws in the legislative hierarchy. The Qatari legislative system recognizes fundamental laws as having constitutional status, although the Qatari legislature has not granted them special status in terms of procedures; rather, they undergo the same procedures as ordinary laws. Fundamental laws evolve according to the specific political and cultural system of each country. The study recommends the importance of moving from adopting fundamental laws based on objective criteria in Qatar to adopting the idea of fundamental laws based on formal criteria, similar to the French and Egyptian constitutional legislatures, given the role of these laws in supporting the protection of the rights and freedoms enshrined in the Qatari constitution. We also recommend the activation of the Supreme Constitutional Court in Qatar, given its role in protecting public rights and freedoms, whether regulated by basic laws according to formal or substantive criteria
Towards AI-Based Anomaly Detection for 3D Printing with Polymers
No full textThe industrial use of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) polymers for additive
manufacturing has expanded beyond prototyping, yet quality-assurance issues continue
to limit its adoption. The mechanical reliability of parts is often compromised by defects
such as warping, delamination, stringing, and small layer misalignments, many of which
traditional inspection techniques fail to detect. This research combines a review of AI
methods for defect detection with the development of a standardized multi-class dataset
and benchmarking framework to address the challenge of reliable automated defect detection.
The dataset contains 2,638 manually validated RGB images across nine defect
categories, including both major and fine-grained defect types. It was created under
controlled conditions using a Prusa MK4 printer and made available in a format suitable
for contemporary deep learning systems. Using this dataset, ten state-of-the-art convolutional
neural networks (CNNs) and transformer-based models were fine-tuned and
evaluated under unified protocols. MobileNetV2 and other lightweight CNNs achieved
the best results for detecting Spaghetti failures, while the Swin Transformer (Swin-T)
reached the highest accuracy (87%) and outperformed other models on subtle defects
such as Z-seam and layer shifting. The findings demonstrate that CNNs and transformers
achieve their best performance when their architectural design principles are understood
and appropriately applied. This thesis provides both a thorough literature synthesis and reproducible benchmarking within a single framework, offering a foundation for future
studies on sensor fusion, explainable AI, edge deployment, and real-time adaptive control.
The integration of these technological advancements paves the way for scalable
and reliable in situ quality assurance in polymer 3D printing through intelligent systems
النظام الانتخابي وأثره في تحقيق الاستقرار السياسي
No full textتتناول هذه الدراسة تحليل تأثير النظام الانتخابي على تحقيق الاستقرار السياسي، معتمدة على دراسة مقارنة بين ثلاث تجارب سياسية متباينة، معززة بمنهج وصفي تحليلي معمق والهدف الرئيس للدراسة هو فكيك الارتباط بين طبيعة الأنظمة الانتخابية المختلفة الفردي، القوائم، نظام الجولتين) وبين استقرار الأنظمة السياسية وقدرتها على تحقيق التوازن بين القوى السياسية والمجتمعية. وتعتمد الدراسة على ركيزتين منهجيتين المنهج المقارن، لدراسة الاختلافات والتأثيرات بين النماذج المختارة. والمنهج الوصفي التحليلي، لوصف وتحليل الإطار القانوني والمؤسسي للأنظمة الانتخابية، ورصد التطورات السياسية التي أدت إلى تعديلها أو تغييرها بالكامل. وتركز الدراسة على ثلاثة أنماط سياسية لتقديم فهم شامل للعلاقة بين الانتخاب والاستقرار : التجربة الفرنسية : تمثل نموذجا لنظام انتخابي مستقر نسبيا يقوم على الديمقراطية التعددية، مما يساعد في تحديد العوامل التي تسهم في ترسيخ الاستقرار المؤسسي والتجربة المصرية : تقدم نموذجا لمرور البلاد بتغيرات متكررة في النظم الانتخابية نتيجة التحولات السياسية المختلفة، مما يجعلها أنموذجا مفيدا لفهم تأثير عدم استقرار الإطار الانتخابي على الاستقرار العام والتجربة القطرية : تسلط الدراسة الضوء على تحولها الأخير من تجربة انتخابية محدودة إلى نظام التعيين، مما يثير تساؤلات جوهرية حول مستقبل المشاركة السياسية وتقبل المواطنين لمثل هذه التحولات وتأثيرها على التفاعل بين الدولة والمجتمع. وتسلط الدراسة الضوء على تأثير التغيرات في الأنظمة الانتخابية على استقرار الحكومات، ومدى تقبل الشعوب للأنظمة السياسية القائمة. وتقدم الدراسة رؤية تحليلية نقدية لتقييم مدى قدرة الأنظمة الانتخابية المختلفة على تعزيز الاستقرار، مع تقديم توصيات استراتيجية لصانعي القرار حول كيفية تصميم أنظمة تسهم في تعزيز الديمقراطية والاستقرار على حد سواء
DESIGN OF A LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
No full textThis project presents a structured logistics management system using the BLOC-ICE framework to redesign the flow of activities from order intake to final delivery. The analysis demonstrated how the existing workflow characterized by fragmented communication and inconsistent information, can be reorganized into four clearly defined subsystems. Applying BLOC-ICE clarified inputs, outputs, linkages, constraints and environmental factors for each subsystem, resulting in a more coherent and logically connected logistics architecture. The redesigned model offers improved traceability, cleaner information flow and stronger process alignment across all stages of the logistics chain
A scoping review of responsive caregiving in diverse populations and its association with child development
No full textBackgroundResponsive caregiving is a key component of nurturing care and crucial for early child development. While responsive caregiving has been examined in multiple studies, a comprehensive review summarizing findings from these studies across diverse caregiver, child, cultural, and socio-economic contexts is currently lacking. MethodsWe conducted a scoping review to synthesize evidence on (1) caregiver, child, and contextual factors influencing responsive caregiving and (2) association between responsive caregiving and children's neurodevelopment and mental health. We included peer-reviewed English articles describing responsive caregiving for children aged 0–8 years. Articles were systematically searched in PubMed, Web of Science, APA PsychInfo, APA PsycArticles, SocINDEX, Google Scholar, and the reference lists of included articles. Relevant data were extracted, collated, and synthesized into descriptive summaries and associations with children's development. ResultsWe retrieved 7412 unique studies for title/abstract screening and 541 full-texts were screened and 138 studies met the inclusion criteria. Caregiver characteristics, including caregiver type, maternal health, and demographics, influenced responsive caregiving, with notable differences between mothers and fathers. Child-level factors, such as developmental disabilities, age, term or preterm birth status, and gender, also shaped responsive caregiving. Cultural context and socio-economic status also influenced responsive caregiving across populations. Language development was the most frequently reported with responsive caregiving. ConclusionThis scoping review maps how caregiver, child, and contextual factors influence responsive caregiving. Significant gaps remain in understanding caregiving in the under-researched Global South settings. Policymakers and practitioners should consider socio-cultural contexts, along with the pathways and mechanisms, when designing inclusive interventions that strengthen caregiving and support child development.This work is supported by the DBT/Wellcome Trust India Alliance Team Science Grant [Grant No. IA/TSG/20/1/600023]. Prashanth Nuggehalli Srinivas was also supported by the DBT/Wellcome Trust India Alliance CRC Grant [Grant IA/CRC/20/1/600007] awarded to him. The funders had no role in study design, methods, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
Exploring the Nexus of Shariah Principles, Carbon Emissions, and Waste Management: International Evidence
No full textThis dissertation examines the intersection between religious principles and environmental sustainability in shaping corporate behavior. Specifically, I investigate whether firms that fulfill a Shariah compliance screening criteria are environmentally friendlier in terms of carbon emissions and have better waste management practices. I focus specifically on non-financial firms and use a dual-sample approach for each sustainability area. For my primary sample of 56 countries and 21,194 firm-year observations for the 2012-2023 period, I find strong evidence that Shariah-compatible firms emit less carbon emissions than non-compatible firms. The mediation analysis indicates that environmental innovation accounts for a significant portion of the total effect of Shariah compliance on emissions reductions, suggesting an indirect pathway through which compliance influences environmental outcomes. Separately, we document a positive relationship between Shariah-compliant status and firm value. Meanwhile, moderation analyses indicates that reduction in emissions are stronger in supportive regulatory contexts, such as with firms that operate in countries with high climate performance indices or emissions trading schemes. In my secondary sample of 14,891 firms across 42 countries, I show that being Shariah compatible brings significant benefits to waste management. This set of findings are robust for different measures of waste such as non-hazardous waste and water waste, including sustainability efforts such as recycling. I address heteroscedasticity and endogeneity concerns are addressed while maintaining the significance of my results using instrumental variable regressions, weighted least squares, entropy balancing and Heckman estimation methods. Robustness tests further affirm the negative association between Shariah-compliance and waste across various model specifications, including exclusions of carbon-sensitive industries and pandemic years.
Although Shariah compliance is more commonly associated with firms operating in Muslim-majority contexts, my global sample enables broader generalizability. This is because I conceptualize Shariah compatibility not as a strict, intentionally pursued compliance objective, but as an externally assessed firm characteristic; allowing the findings to have universal applicability beyond predominantly Islamic settings.
The findings and recommendations provide an economic avenue for firms seeking to operate in a more environmentally sustainable manner while making financial gains. We provide important considerations for policymakers seeking ways to reduce domestic barriers of transition from fossil fuel consumption and/or production while abiding by agreements towards carbon neutrality as well as minimizing concerns of green washing or inadequate waste management
A HORMONAL AND CLINICAL INVESTIGATION OF SURGICAL FAT REMOVAL
No full textObesity remains one of the most pressing global health challenges, with Qatar among the most affected regions. While bariatric surgery is well established for inducing durable weight loss, and newer pharmacologic agents such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) agonists continue to advance metabolic care, the hormonal and metabolic consequences of surgical subcutaneous fat removal (SSFR), a common procedure following massive weight loss as well as in aesthetic practice, remain poorly understood. Given the endocrine functions of both adipose tissue and the gastrointestinal tract, this thesis investigates the hormonal, metabolic, and psychological adaptations associated with SSFR within a combined framework of evidence synthesis, quasi-experimental measurement, and mechanistic exploration. This thesis is structured around three major themes. Theme 1 synthesizes global evidence from 59 studies reporting hormonal trajectories after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Using robust error meta-regression (REMR), the analysis demonstrates consistent increases in GLP-1 and peptide YY (PYY), sustained reductions in GIP after RYGB, procedure-specific ghrelin trajectories, and early leptin reductions preceding weight loss, suggesting enhanced leptin sensitivity. Together, these findings identify the durable hormonal signature of bariatric surgery and establish the metabolic context into which SSFR patients may later fall. Theme 2 presents a quasi-experimental study of patients undergoing SSFR procedures at Hamad Medical Corporation, assessed at four time points from pre-operative evaluation to ten months post-surgery. This work validates bioelectrical impedance analysis (Tanita) as a reliable measure of fat mass change following SSFR and reveals that early postoperative reductions in fat mass correlate with excised tissue weight. A parallel study of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) physiology demonstrates that SG patients exhibit altered postprandial glucose excursions with an increased likelihood of late-onset, non-severe hypoglycemia. Analytical comparison supports Doi's weighted average glucose (dwAG) as a simplified, clinically useful glycemic metric. These contributions establish the metabolic baseline against which future hormonal adaptations are interpreted. Theme 3 investigates hormonal predictors of body composition, insulin sensitivity, appetite, and psychological well-being. Using multiplex assays and multivariable logistic modeling, this work identifies, for the first time, specific adipokines and gut hormones that predict the lean phenotype (notably amylin) and the insulin-sensitive phenotype (GIP as the strongest independent predictor). Further analyses reveal a complex hormonal network regulating leptin sensitivity, with spexin emerging as a biomarker of the leptin-responsive state and modulated by GLP-1, GIP, and fat mass. In the domain of appetite, reduced post-SSFR appetite is strongly associated with lower GIP levels, supporting a gut-brain axis role for GIP. Finally, SSFR is shown to significantly improve psychological outcomes-across the Appearance Anxiety Inventory (AAI), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depressive symptoms, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale for anxiety-with hormonal and surgical factors jointly predicting mental health improvements. Overall, this thesis identifies key hormonal regulators of fat mass, insulin sensitivity, appetite, and psychological outcomes in humans and demonstrates that SSFR carries previously underrecognized metabolic and psychosocial benefits. The findings advance understanding of leptin resistance mechanisms, highlight novel hormonal biomarkers for metabolic phenotyping, and provide a scientific basis for integrating SSFR into comprehensive metabolic care. This body of work establishes new mechanistic hypotheses for future research and offers clinically relevant insights for plastic surgery, metabolic medicine, and obesity management
Instructions on The Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools at Qatar University
No full textResponsible Use Controls for Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools at Qatar University
تعليمات استخدام أدوات الذكاء الاصطناعي التوليدي في جامعة قطر
No full textضوابط الاستخدام المسؤول لأدوات الذكاء الاصطناعي التوليدي في جامعة قطر
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE TO MEASURE DIETARY INTAKE OF MICRO- AND MACRO-NUTRIENTS IN ADULTS LIVING IN QATAR
No full textBackground: With the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases in Qatar, there is a growing demand to understand the diet-disease associations in this population. Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) is a cost-effective dietary assessment tool, with low participant burden, making it ideal for epidemiological studies. While there exists a FFQ validated for Qatari nationals, there is a need for locally developed version tailored to the diverse Qatar’s population which comprises of 88% of non-locals.
Objective: This study evaluated the validated and reliability of a newly developed FFQ to assess macro- and micronutrients intake in Qatar's diverse adult population.
Methods: 121 Healthy Adults aged 18-65 years residing in Qatar were recruited. Participants completed the 97-food item FFQ twice, one month apart. The average of three 24-hour recalls (24HRs), collected at 3 different equidistant time points within the month, was used as the reference method for validation. Reliability and Validity were assessed using Pearson Correlation Coefficients, Cross-classification and Bland-Altman plots.
Results: The FFQ demonstrated good reliability with Pearson correlation coefficients for energy and nutrients ranging from 0.59 – 0.77 (log-transformed). The gross misclassification by quartile was less than 3.3%. The FFQ had acceptable validity with significant correlations for most nutrients (r ≥ 0.3 (log-transformed)), except for some B-vitamins (B2, B3, B12, Biotin, Pantothenic Acid) and minerals (chromium, iodine, zinc), whereby correlations fell below 0.3. Cross-classification confirmed that more than 60% of participants were ranked in the same or adjacent quartiles with misclassification ranging from 0 to 11.6% for most nutrients.
Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the FFQ has good reliability and acceptable validity and is thus suitable for assessing dietary intake of adults in large studies. It offers a practical instrument for nutrition research and public health monitoring in Qatar