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The Longest Common Almost Wave Subsequence Problem
No full textWave sequences are common in life, such as finance, weather, and medicine. Chen and Yang first defined the longest wave subsequence (LWS) problem in 2020, and then Chang and Yang defined the longest common wave subsequence (LCWS) problem in 2021. However, both the LWS and LCWS do not allow any errors in wave sequences. However, slight errors usually occur in real wave sequences, so we define the longest common almost wave subsequence (LCaWS) problem, a generalized variant of the LCWS problem.
The LCaWS problem has two subproblems, the LCaWSt problem and the LCaWSr problem. Given two numeric sequences A and B, a tolerance (error) constant c, a trend sequence T and the number r of segments, the LCaWSt problem aims to find the longest common subsequence of A and B, consisting of the almost increasing and decreasing segments alternatively, whose trend sequence follows the prefix of T . The LCaWSr problem aims to find the longest common subsequence of A and B, consisting of at most r segments, where the almost increasing segments alternate with the almost decreasing segments. We propose an algorithm for solving the LCaWSt problem in O(mnc) time and O(nc) space, and an algorithm for solving the LCaWSr problem in O(rmnc) time and O(rnc) space, where m and n denote the lengths of A and B, respectively, m \ue2\ua5 n
Analysis of Seagrass Bubbles and Sunshine in Dongsha Island
No full textDongsha Atoll is the largest small island among the South China Sea Islands. It is located in the southwestern waters of Taiwan. It covers many marine landforms, including shoals, sandbars, lagoons, coral reefs and seagrass beds. It is also known as the It is an island known as the "Pearl of the South China Sea". The coastal waters of Dongsha Island are surrounded by rich seagrass resources. According to literature records, there are at least six kinds of seagrass species around Dongsha Island. The number of species in this area accounts for 10% of the number of seagrass species in the world. Key distribution areas. In recent years, people have gradually paid attention to ecological conservation, and seagrass plays an extremely important role in it. It can not only convert carbon dioxide in the sea into oxygen, but also provide habitat and foraging functions for sea creatures. Therefore, this site was chosen as the research site. location, by using passive acoustic measurements to gain a better understanding of the soundscape of seagrass vocal prints as they outgas and the inertia of photosynthesis.
The experimental site in this study is in the south of Dongsha Island, which is mainly divided into sandy land and seagrass land. The sea grass land is mostly Halodule uninervis, Thalassiodendron ciliatum and Syringodium isoetifolium. Seagrass symbiosis is quite common in Dongsha Island, so this experiment was not conducted. The comparison was made specifically for seagrass species.
Use passive acoustics to measure the soundprint of oxygen bubbles produced by the photosynthesis of seagrass in the area. By using Noise Level and peak detection methods, analyze the measurement data in the actual sea area to confirm the frequency band of the seagrass signal, and then bring it into the light at that time Compare and analyze the difference under the presence or absence of light. In this experiment, the passive soundprint measurement of seagrass beds was carried out from 2017 to 2018. The local soundscape was measured and analyzed by anchoring or fixing a self-recording underwater acoustic recorder, light meter and thermobarometer with a stage. characteristic. Through the actual data obtained from the photosynthesis of seagrass beds in Dongsha Island, the changes in the sound patterns of the seagrass under photosynthesis at different times can be obtained. Combined with the light data of the light meter, it can be clearly concluded that the sound signals released by the seagrass bubbles are indeed related to the light. The data has a high correlation. In the future, the intensity of sunlight at that time can be estimated by observing the changes of seagrass voiceprints, which can be used as one of the basis for the local environmental background in the future
Temporal and spatial variation of the population genetic structure of narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) in the water of Taiwan
No full textNarrow-Barred Spanish Mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) is an offshore warm-water, pelagic migratory fish, mainly distributed in the Indo-West Pacific Ocean. Around Taiwan waters, Taiwan Bank is one of the main fishing and spawning grounds near the waters of Taiwan. The main fishing season is from November to March, and the spawning season is at its peak from March to May. S. commerson is a highly valued fish in Taiwan. It can be caught all year round, but the catch has rapid decrease year by year. However, there is currently no research on its stock structure which can be served as reference in resource assessment and management in the future. In the present study, mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite genetic markers were used to investigate the temporal and spatial variation of the population genetic structure of the S. commerson in Penghu and Taitung waters. We collected tissue samples from Penghu(n=295) and Taitung(n=45) in the period between November 2018 and October 2020, a total 340 samples were used for further genetic analysis. First, the samples collected in this study were compared with the mtDNA control region sequences published in the literatures to reveal the genetic relationship between Taiwan and the Indo-Pacific region meanwhile microsatellite DNA markers to reveal population structure of S. commerson in the waters near Taiwan. Although the haplotype network showed that haplotypes from different geographic locations were mixed, the neighbor-joining tree was able to reveal two separated genetic stocks. The results of genetic structure analysis based on microsatellite loci showed significant temporal genetic structure among S. commerson collected from different seasons, and with the results of Fst test, 6 groups could be divided. Based on the results, we suggested that different stock may use the waters around Penghu at different times and for different purposes (such as spawning and feeding). The results of this study could provide important basic information for future resource management of S. commerson in Taiwan waters
Research on Growth of Gallium Oxide by Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy with Shower Head
No full textIn this study, the shower head was installed in the hydride vapor phase epitaxy and the hydrogen chloride gas with higher molar mass was installed in the upper tube, and the oxygen gas with lower molar mass was installed in the lower tube. \uce\ub2-Ga2O3 was grown on the c-plane \uce\ub1-Al2O3 substrate with GaN as the buffer layer. In terms of heat dissipation, \uce\ub2-Ga2O3 is grown on the lower thermal expansion coefficient GaN buffer layer, which not only has a superior lattice mismatch rate (-201) \uce\ub2-Ga2O3\ue2\ua5(0002) GaN is 4.7%[1], but also can improve the problem of poor heat dissipation after being made into components.
This experiment mainly discusses different hydrogen chloride gas flow, oxygen gas flow, growth temperature, growth pressure, growth time, and the use of two different gallium pulse methods to find the most suitable parameters for film growth through different control variables. The gallium oxide films with the best parameters for general growth and the best parameters of two different gallium pulses were analyzed by XRD, SEM, Raman, CL, XPS, AFM, and TEM to analyze the crystallization direction, microscopic morphology, crystal structure, and optical properties.
The best parameter of gallium oxide epitaxy thin film is general growth. The deposition zone temperature of 890\uc2\ub0C, the growth pressure of 100 Torr, the HCl flow rate of 0.014 SLM, the O2 flow rate of 0.3 SLM, the growth time of 180 min, and the FWHM is 1.05\ue2, the growth rate is 1.59 \uce\ubcm/hr, and the crystal orientation relationship is {-201} \uce\ub2-Ga2O3//{0002} GaN. According to the CL and XPS analysis, the best specimen grown in general has the lowest oxygen defect. XRD phi-scan shows that (-201) \uce\ub2-Ga2O3 grown on (0002) GaN has six growth mode that is equivalent to around [-201]
Assessment of Healthy City Promotion Performance for Kaohsiung: A Comparative Analysis of Cities
No full textDue to the high concentration of urban population and environmental problems such as traffic, waste, and air pollution with urbanization, WHO initiated a healthy city plan in 1986 and proposed 32 quantifiable indicators to underpin healthy city policy formulation for cities. Afterward, the Kaohsiung City Government incorporated \ue2local indicators\ue2 reflecting the environment and culture of Kaohsiung City into the indicators and constructed healthy city indicators specific to Kaohsiung City. However, since the development of healthy cities in Taiwanese cities, there has been little research to examine promotion performance among cities and integrate residents\ue2 needs, leading to difficulty in evaluating healthy city policies. Therefore, this study aimed to establish an analytical framework that could examine the promotion performance of healthy cities across time and space and identify the implementation priority of indicators to evaluate the promotion performance of the healthy city in Kaohsiung City and propose development strategies. Regarding research methods, the values of healthy city indicators were collected through the statistical database of open government data, and the historical growth rate of indicators (2004-2021) and cross-city standardized scores (six municipalities in Taiwan) were calculated to inspect health city policy performance. Then, through a face-to-face questionnaire survey, the perceived importance of the indicators to residents in the Kaohsiung urban area was collected; subsequently, an importance-performance analysis was used to integrate the residents\ue2 perceived importance and the aforementioned policy performance to provide the priority of governance improvement. Research results showed that, in \ue2cross-city policy performance,\ue2 Kaohsiung\ue2s indicators of \ue2popularity of tap water,\ue2 \ue2sewage and sewerage,\ue2 \ue2police and political security,\ue2 \ue2nursing manpower,\ue2 \ue2air pollution,\ue2 and \ue2quality of drinking water\ue2 were worse than the average of the six municipalities, but residents\ue2 perceived importance levels of these indicators were high. Thus, these indicators could be regarded as \ue2concentration improvement.\ue2 Among them, the indicators of \ue2nursing manpower\ue2 and \ue2drinking water quality\ue2 had shown negative development in Kaohsiung City\ue2s \ue2historical growth rate policy performance,\ue2 and thus, they could be regarded as inferior indicators for healthy city development of Kaohsiung City and should be prioritized for the city government\ue2s resource investment
A 10bit 330MS/s binary search and time-interleaved SAR ADC with novel non-binary capacitive weights and hybrid conversion in 40nm
No full text\ue3This thesis proposes a 10-bit 330MS/s high sampling and low-power analog-to-digital converter with non-binary redundancy combined with a new hybrid conversion technology. The innovative architecture provides higher performance than traditional analog-to-digital converter.
\ue3The architecture proposed in this thesis meets the needs of today's wireless and mobile communication systems. It achieves high performance with high speed and low power. Using TSMC40nm CMOS process, the supply voltage is 0.9 voltages to meet the requirements of edge computing device sensors. The circuit in this thesis combines the characteristics of traditional analog-to-digital converters with an innovative architecture. It still has excellent dynamic performance at high speeds.
\ue3The proposed analog-to-digital converter is divided into two stages. The first stage is the binary search ADC converter. It can meet the high sampling speed computing requirements of the overall circuit. To balance the resolution and power consumption trade-off, so set the resolution to 5 bits. The second stage is a 7-bit time-interleaved Successive-approximation register ADC. The SAR ADC provide correction techniques using hybrid conversion and non-binary weights redundancy. Because there is no additional correction circuit, it has fault tolerance without consuming extra power consumption. And combines with novel dynamic comparator and two-channel architecture for increased speed and resolution
A Study of Relationships among Voice Behavior, Emotional Exhaustion and Career Satisfaction: Perceived Supervisor Support as a Moderator
No full textVoice behavior refer to the challenging and constructive opinions or suggestions on work-related issues offered by employees. Scholars agree that voice behavior is beneficial to corporate innovation and development. For decades, most of the studies regard voice behavior as a spontaneous organizational citizenship behavior, and focus on the antecedents of voice behavior and its impact on business innovation and performance. Few studies discussed the relationship between employee voice and outcome variables from a personal perspective. Even a small number of research results on the relationship between voice behavior and outcome variables (such as job performance) are shown inconsistent and contradictory results which need to be clarified\ue2in particular, the voice be divided into promotive and prohibitive.
Since the decision of whether or not to express voice lies with the employee him/herself, this study, based on conservation of resource theory, argues that voice behavior is likely to be a strategic means for employees to obtain valuable resources and achieve personal career goals. The consumption of personal resources by voice behavior, therefore, can be regarded as an investment that is expected to get more resources in return. This study suppose that voice behavior may not cause emotional exhaustion, voice behavior will increase personal career satisfaction, supervisor support will bring resources that mediate the relationship between emotional exhaustion and career satisfaction of voicer.
Based on 90 valid samples of online and 162 valid samples of paper questionnaires from employees of enterprises in Taiwan. The two sources of data were not significantly different by t test, so total 252 valid samples were combined for analysis. SPSS was used to conduct data descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and mediation effect verification. Hayer's PROCESS model 14 was used to verify the moderated mediation effect. The results showed that neither promotive nor prohibitive voice would increase emotional exhaustion. The impact of the each form of voice behavior on career satisfaction also has significant positive results. Emotional exhaustion has a mediating effect on the relationship between voice and career satisfaction, but the mediating effect of perceived supervisor support on the relationship between emotional exhaustion and career satisfaction is not significant.
This study answers the paradoxical phenomenon of the relationship between voice behavior and some outcome variables, as well as the doubts about why employees are willing to bear the criticism of undermining unity and poor performance evaluation to express voice
Optimization of Plasma Process for Reducing Fine-Pitch Re-distribution Layer Leakage Current in Fan-Out Wafer-Level Packaging
No full textWith the continuous development of technology, the market's demand for miniaturization of integrated circuits (IC) and increased I/O count is increasing. In this context, advanced packaging technologies have become the key to meeting these demands. Typical advanced packaging technologies include 2.5D/3D IC packaging, Chiplet technology, System-in-Package (SiP), and Fan-Out Wafer Level Packaging (FOWLP). Among them, FOWLP has gained widespread attention due to its excellent performance and the application of Redistribution Layer (RDL). As the demand for IC continues to grow, RDL line width and spacing have been progressively shrinking to finer dimensions. RDL with finer line widths and spacings can reduce the number of redistribution layers in FOWLP, thereby reducing overall packaging costs and improving yield. Currently, the mainstream line width and spacing are still at 5 \uc2\ub5m /5 \uc2\ub5m or above. However, with the increasing demand for 5G and higher memory bandwidth requirements, there will be a growing market demand for RDL with smaller line widths and spacings of 2 \uc2\ub5m/2 \uc2\ub5m or below. This poses challenges for the FOWLP process, especially when pursuing extremely fine pitch RDL, due to the issue of metal residue.
This study primarily aims to improve the leakage current condition of the RDL process with a linewidth and line spacing of 2 \uce\ubcm/2 \uce\ubcm in 12-inch FOWLP products. It provides guidance on adjusting process parameters, allowing factories to use this reference benchmark for comparison and select suitable plasma parameters as a basis to assist in process development. Using a wafer with a linewidth and line spacing of 2 \uce\ubcm/2 \uce\ubcm as the experimental sample, surface modification of the wafer is carried out through plasma treatment using a combination of oxygen and nitrogen gases with radio frequency (RF) and microwave (MW) sources before the wet etching process. This modification enhances the wafer's hydrophilicity, enabling the etching solution to diffuse more rapidly and uniformly into the narrow lines of the redistribution layer, facilitating chemical reactions for metal removal and reducing metal residues. This process effectively controls the leakage current value to be below 1 pA, achieving the goal of reducing leakage current values. Plasma treatment yields excellent modification effects within a very short time. Although the minimum time required for thorough plasma treatment depends on the structural design of the machine equipment, in the competitive landscape of production and manufacturing, such treatment efficiency still offers remarkable competitive advantages
The effect of aging of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastics on the adsorption of heavy metals Copper(II) and Zinc(II) in different environmental conditions
No full textIn recent years, microplastic pollution has attracted global attention. Increasingly, studies have shown that microplastics are widely distributed in the environment. As carriers and emitters of pollutants, microplastics migrate and age in the environment, posing a serious threat to the ecosystem. It has been reported that the surface structure and functional groups of environmentally aged microplastics differ significantly from those of the original microplastics, but the aging mechanism is still unclear. Additionally, microplastics can adsorb heavy metals from the environment, thereby altering the environmental behavior of both the microplastics and the heavy metals. However, the adsorption mechanism of heavy metals on original and aged microplastics, subsequent biological toxicities are still not well understood. Therefore, studying the aging mechanism of microplastics and their adsorption behavior towards heavy metals can provide a theoretical basis for further assessing the potential environmental risks of microplastics.
This study investigates polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as a representative microplastic. The differences between PVC after two years of solar aging and the original microplastics are examined. The study also explores the adsorption behaviors of heavy metals copper (Cu(II)) and zinc (Zn(II)) on original and aged microplastics. Furthermore, the study investigates the influence of different environmental conditions such as pH value, salinity, and humic acid on the adsorption capacity of heavy metals. The experimental results indicate that after aging, the microplastics show an increase in surface functional groups C\ue2O and -OH, and a decrease in C-H bonds. This increase in affinity towards pollutants leads to an enhanced adsorption capacity for heavy metals. The adsorption equilibrium for microplastics is reached within 48 hours, as discussed using the kinetic adsorption model. The pseudo-second-order kinetic adsorption model better describes the adsorption behavior. Both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models can be used to explain the adsorption of heavy metals by microplastics. Results conclude (1) pH\uef\ubc when the pH was in the range of 4~7, the concentration of heavy metals adsorbed by plastic microplastics increases with higher pH, (2) salinity: with increasing salinity, the concentration of heavy metals adsorbed by plastic microplastics decreases, (3) humic acid (HA): as the concentration of humic acid increases, negatively charged HA provides adsorption sites, leading to complexation between HA and heavy metals. However, when the concentration of humic acid reaches 40 mg/L, the adsorption capacity decreases. According to mechanism analysis, the adsorption process is primarily governed by electrostatic interactions and surface complexation
Health-effect potentials of gas-phase and PM2.5-bound inorganic pollutants from industrial manufacturing processes and comparison with cell lethality test
No full textThe purpose of this study is to establish a method for quantifying the potential health impacts of PM2.5-related heavy metals emitted by industrial sources and to investigate and compare the differences in health effects between PM2.5 phase and gas phase heavy metals from industrial processes. Previous literature has indicated that PM2.5 pollution is associated with various adverse effects, including cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, metabolic disorders, and mood disorders. In this study, PM2.5 phase and gaseous pollutant samples from target emission sources were collected for analysis of heavy metal species and concentrations. Cytotoxicity tests were conducted using these samples. The concentrations of PM2.5 phase and gaseous pollutants in the bordering areas were calculated using an atmospheric dispersion model. The Fugacity multi-medium transport model was then employed to study the transport of pollutants to other media, and exposure analysis was performed based on pollutant distribution. The Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) of the United States Environmental Protection Agency was used to evaluate the potential health impacts of PM2.5 phase and gaseous heavy metal pollutants. Cell experiments were also conducted to compare the potential biotoxicity of pollutants on PM2.5 surfaces and in gaseous form. Uncertainty analysis was conducted using the Monte Carlo method, and important potential influencing factors were identified through comprehensive analysis.
The results showed that the carcinogenic health impact potentials of particulate pollutants from emission source A ranged from 1.56E-13 to 1.84E-12, and those from source B ranged from 2.77E-11 to 4.31E-10. The range of carcinogenic health impact potentials of gaseous pollutants from source A was 3.05E-13 to 3.05E-13, and source B was 5.50E-13 to 2.02E-11. According to the carcinogenic health impact potential, compared to particulate pollutants, gaseous pollutants exhibited lower than carcinogenic health impact potentials. The non-carcinogenic health impact potentials of particulate pollutants from source A ranged from 8.81E-12 to 2.34E-10, and those from source B ranged from 2.05E-09 to 4.61E-08. The range of non-carcinogenic health impact potentials of gaseous pollutants from source A is 2.63E-11 to 6.22E-10, and that from source B was 9.69E-12 to 8.08E-10. Based on the results, it can be observed that the carcinogenic health impact potential of PM2.5 phase pollutants was higher than gas-phase pollutants. Furthermore, the hazard potential of source B exceeds that of source A, with the primary contributing species being Fe, K, and Na.
In summary, the results of this study demonstrated that particulate pollutants exhibited higher health impact potentials than gaseous pollutants. It is expected that the methodology developed in this study can assist in determining the health impact potentials of PM2.5-related heavy metals from different emission sources and provide relevant quantitative assessments. This can help in formulating effective pollutant control strategies and policies to reduce the potential health impacts of harmful pollutants and protect human health and environmental quality