34254 research outputs found
Sort by
Effect of ionic strength on adsorption of chlorpheniramine by graphene oxide-iron oxide composite
No full textChlorpheniramine is a drug commonly used in personal health care products (Pharmaceuticals and personal care products, PPCPs) and the prevention of allergic diseases. It is not easy to be effectively removed by general water treatment technology, and may become carcinogenic during the treatment process. Disinfection by-products. Adsorption is a common treatment method for PPCPs in water treatment. In rivers or groundwater, various types of anions and cations may compete with the adsorbed adsorbate and affect the adsorption effect. However, the composition of domestic sewage is complex and the ionic strength varies. The treatment process may potentially compete with common adsorbent materials. Reduced the effectiveness of PPCPs removal. Graphene oxide (GO) is a carbon material with a hexagonal two-dimensional structure, which has the characteristics of medium-high specific surface area and hydrophilicity, and has a good adsorption effect on heavy metals, organic substances and inorganic particles. In this study, chemical co-sedimentation method was used to fabricate graphene oxide/iron tetroxide composite (GO/Fe3O4), which has good adsorption capacity and can be quickly removed from water by magnetic force. The purpose of this research is to adjust the ionic strength of water with sodium chloride and adjust the pH of the reaction with sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide by batch experiments, and analyze the ionic strength under acidic, neutral and basic (pH 5, 7 and 10) conditions, respectively. The effect of strength on the adsorption of chlorpheniramine on GO/Fe3O4. The results showed that under neutral conditions, the chlorpheniramine adsorption capacity of GO/Fe3O4 decreased by 29.9%-45.9% for each increase of 0.1 M of ionic strength, and the hydrogen ion concentration is increased, the adsorption effect will be reduced more significantly (for example, pH 5, decreased about 37.8%-67.1%). The results of kinetic experiments showed that the reaction approached equilibrium at 400 minutes under the condition of ionic strength of 0.1 M (the Pseudo-second order rate constant was about 9.77\uc310-5). The results of various studies show that the ionic strength in water can significantly affect the adsorption of chlorpheniramine by GO/Fe3O4. Increasing the ionic strength significantly changes the adsorption capacity of chlorpheniramine on GO/Fe3O4, but does not significantly change the reaction equilibrium. time
A Study on Browsing Behavior in Travel Website in Smart Tourism - A Case of Taipei Tourism Website
No full textThe advancement of technology and mobile devices has transformed the tourism industry into smart tourism. Collecting and utilizing the massive amount of data generated by travelers is crucial for maximizing its value. Smart cities have also contributed to the development of smart tourism, with governments playing a vital role in assisting the industry's transformation. This study focuses on exploring and improving the government's tourism website to support the recovery and transformation of the tourism industry.
The study differs from current research conducted by the Tourism Bureau and the tourism industry, which primarily relies on questionnaires and market research to analyze post-travel experiences and perceptions of travelers instead of their actual behaviors. Instead, this study utilizes browsing history from the Taipei Tourism website and employs big data analysis to understand travelers' browsing behavior during their trips. It focuses on the usage demands of visitors for different website categories to enhance their travel experiences. The study also presents analysis results visually for better data representation.
The findings suggest that visitors prefer quick and clear access to information, spending less time on activity and entertainment-related pages. Browsing time decreases as the number of clicks increases, indicating the visitors' preference for efficient information retrieval. Customizing webpages based on user preferences is essential, and the necessity of existing webpages should be reassessed for future website redesign
A Low-Energy 8-bit CLA Realized by Single-Phase ANT Logic and A Low Power 8-bit Adder Design Based on Combination of Single-Phase ANT Logic and CPTL
No full textSingle-phase ANT logic helps to maintain a low voltage swing that helps the circuit consumes less power consumption. It also enhances the speed and maintains effective switching by removing the internal loop. Furthermore, another low power 8-bit adder design based on combination of single-phase ANT logic and CPTL is proposed to balance all the power, performance, and area (PPA) factors.
In Chapter 2, an 8-bit CLA realized by the single-phase ANT logic is demonstrated to achieve low power and high speed. It is featured with load capacitance reduction and no internal loop to enhance the speed and reduce switching activity at the same time. The proposed design incorporates effective capacitance reduction that improves signal transductions. Not only post-layout simulations are conducted, but measurement result is also demonstrated. The normalized power is 0.84 mW and the normalized power-delay-product (PDP) is 0.129 nJ are proven besides the full functionality.
Another low power 8-bit adder design based on combination of single-phase ANT logic and complementary pass transistor logic (CPTL) is presented in Chapter 3, which was realized using TSMC 40-nm CMOS process. This ANT design requires less switching activity, where the adopted pass transistor logic (PTL) helps to reduce both dynamic and static power consumption. Besides, the included Schmitt trigger helps to improve the noise margin caused by pass transistor logic. The post-layout simulation shows the 0.0157 mW reduction in normalized power consumption and 0.112 nJ reduction in power-delay-product (PDP) in the worst case at [0.82 V, 0 \uc2\ub0C, SS] .
Keywords: CLA, effective path, high-speed, low-power, no internal loop, pass transistor logic (PTL), Schmitt trigge
Exploring NFT Purchase Intension Based on Transaction Cost Theory, Herd Behavior and Perceived Value
No full textIn 2021, the NFT market received a lot of attention and grew substantially. There were many well-known NFT transaction events, which cause many different types of projects to appear in the NFT market. The purpose of this study is to explore whether investors' transaction costs are significantly increased due to the perception of asset specificity and uncertainty when obtaining relevant information about NFTs and throughout the purchasing process. Additionally, by examining the extent of market participation, we aim to investigate whether investors are influenced by the opinions of others and exhibit herding behavior. Finally, through the combination of transaction costs, herding behavior, and investors' perceived value in purchasing NFTs, we seek to validate the purchase intention of NFTs. Due to NFTs being an emerging asset class, there has been limited academic research on purchase intentions. Therefore, it is our hope that the findings of this study can provide theoretical and practical recommendations for NFT project creators, trading platforms, and investors.
A total of 255 valid online questionnaires were collected in this study. The research results indicate that learning of asset specificity, environment uncertainty, process uncertainty and security uncertainty positively affect transaction costs. This study uses the number of traders and perceived complementarity as indicators of network externalities. It\ue2s found that only the number of traders positively affect the degree to which investors imitate others and discount own information, and then promote investors to form normative conformity. Finally, the research results confirm that the increase in transaction costs will reduce investors' purchase intentions for NFTs, while perceived value and normative conformity will increase investors' NFT purchase intentions
Very-Low-Profile Wideband 4-Port 4-Wave Antenna Module and Its 1 \uc3 3 Array for 6G Higher-Order MIMO Mobile Devices
No full textA very-low-profile wideband 4-port 4-wave antenna module and its 1 \uc3 3 array for 6G higher-order MIMO mobile devices are presented. The antenna can cover a wide band of about 5.9-7.2 GHz, which is expected to be a possible new 6G mobile band. For promising applications in the back-cover area of the smartphone, the antenna thickness is only 0.8 mm (about 0.016\uce\[email protected] GHz) with side length of 31 mm (about 0.61\uce\[email protected] GHz). The antenna module consists of four separate sectors to generate four uncorrelated waves. The wideband operation is obtained by applying the dual-shorting dual-resonant technique in each sector to excite the 0.25\uce\ubb and 0.5\uce\ubb resonant modes at nearby frequencies, to form the designed wideband covering 5.9-7.2 GHz. Over the operating band, the port isolation is larger than 10 dB and the antenna efficiency is over 40%. In addition, by adjusting the aspect ratio of each sector to slightly shift the polarization directions of opposite sectors, the envelope correlation coefficient between opposites sectors can be effectively reduced to below 0.1. Then, three 4-port 4-wave antenna modules are used to form a 1 \uc3 3 array, achieving a 12-port 12-wave MIMO array. The 1 \uc3 3 array is placed on a ground plane measuring 70 mm \uc3 150 mm, based on the dimensions of modern smartphones. To demonstrate the feasibility and practical application of the 1 \uc3 3 array, the experimental study of the fabricated array and the testing of 8 \uc3 8 and 12 \uc3 8 MIMO systems were conducted. In the 8 \uc3 8 MIMO system, the 1 \uc3 3 array can support 64 QAM signal modulation with a spectral efficiency of about 35 bps/Hz. When the number of receive antennas is increased to 12, the array can even support 1024 QAM signal modulation with a spectral efficiency of up to about 55.7 bps/Hz
Explaining the Wage Differences of Listed Companies in Taiwan from the Perspective of Corporate Control Types and Equity Structures
No full textNumerous studies in the past have investigated the causes of low wages in Taiwan, largely focusing on industry structure and labor market conditions. This study, however, proposes that the prevalence of family-controlled companies is one of the contributing factors to low wages. Using financial reports from publicly listed companies in Taiwan, as well as data from the Taiwan Economic News Database, a company panel database was created to empirically estimate the impact. Both Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and quantile regression methods were used for estimation.
The estimation results indicate that companies with a family-controlled structure, or those governed by two or more groups, tend to have significantly lower average employee salary levels. Companies managed by professional managers have median wage levels, while state-controlled companies have the highest average wage levels. The average annual wage of family-controlled companies is about 300,000 less than that of state-controlled companies. Moreover, within the sample of relatively low-paying companies, family-controlled and jointly governed companies often provide lower wage levels, and this suppressive effect is even more pronounced in relatively high-paying companies. Nearly 70% of publicly listed companies in Taiwan are family-controlled, a trend even more common in small and medium-sized enterprises. Addressing this challenge of low wages is a significant issue for both the government and the public.
As for other equity structures, the results show that as the proportion of shares held by directors and supervisors increases, the wage level is often suppressed, with this effect being more pronounced in relatively high-paying companies. When the proportion of shares held by foreign investors increases, the wage level are often elevated, with this uplifting effect more noticeable in relatively low-paying companies. When institutions and legal persons increase their shareholding, it has a negative impact on wages in low-paying companies, and a positive impact in high-paying companies. Other variables, including shareholder return on equity, Tobin's Q, debt ratio, corporate governance rating, employee productivity, company size, company age, and service industry, all have a significant impact on employee wage levels
Development of Optical Fiber Oil Slick Sensor
No full textMaritime trade has been one of the important activities driving economic development and globalization since ancient times. With the development of technology, the use of ships for maritime trade has evolved from wind power to fuel power for more efficient and longer-distance travel. However, with the increasing frequency of ships entering and leaving ports due to globalization, accidents resulting in oil spills could occur, causing significant losses to the local ecosystem and the local environmental protection unit involved. If the oil spill is not detected in time and the environment encounters the influence of sea winds and currents, the range of the spill will expand with time, increasing the impact on the environment. The resources and costs consumed for post-event processing will also be greater. Therefore, salvage operations for oil spills are urgent in every respect.
This study aims to design and develop a high-sensitivity optic fiber oil spill sensor for real-time detection of port oil spills. This prototype sensor is from the reference designed by Hsieh et al. in 2010 and uses a similar method. Part of the optic fiber cladding layer is removed, defining the sensing area of this sensor, and detecting the presence of the oil spill based on the difference in refractive index between the seawater and diesel. Light is entered into the optic fiber from the end face, and when the incident angle is greater than the critical angle, total internal reflection occurs inside the optic fiber, producing an evanescent wave in the sensing area. An optical intensity sensor is placed at the other end of the optic fiber to detect the light intensity. When the diesel comes into contact with the sensing area, some of the light is refracted out of the optic fiber or absorbed by the diesel, causing a decrease of the light intensity detected by the optical intensity sensor, indicating the presence of diesel. The experimental results show that when the oil contact with the sensing area, some of the light is refracted out of the sensing area, and the optical intensity sensor can observe a significant change in light intensity. This new type of oil slick sensor is not limited by day or night and can perform real-time monitoring even in conditions of rain, fog, haze, or low visibility. When this oil slick sensor is applied to sea areas or ports in the future, it can be appropriately deployed at locations that are prone to oil spills and to monitor the presence of oil spills. This method will help to quickly detect and handle oil spills, reducing losses to the environment and the economy
A Wideband and High Gain Magnetoelectric (ME) Dipole Antenna-in-Package (AiP) for D-Band Applications
No full textThis dissertation demonstrates a low-profile, wide bandwidth (BW), and high-gain linear polarization (LP) magnetoelectric (ME) dipole antenna-in-package (AiP) using the BT substrate manufacturing technology applied within 110 to 170 GHz, which is D-band. The single antenna is firstly discussed, which feeding structure is substrate integrated waveguide (SIW). The proposed antenna is verified to exhibit not only a wide BW but also a stable and broadside radiation pattern. To further discuss whether the BT substrate is capable of sustaining larger area size of the antenna operating beyond 100 GHz considering there are fibers weaved with the resin in the BT substrate, 4 \uc3 2 and 4 \uc3 4 array antennas are therefore studied. With proper and well-designed power divider circuits, both the array antennas present an impedance BW larger than 20 GHz. In addition, a maximum peak gain of 14 dBi and 16.2 dBi within the impedance matched band are seen for the 4 \uc3 2 and the 4 \uc3 4 array antennas, respectively. Moreover, the BW, radiation gains, and radiation patterns are all well correlated between simulation and experimental verification. Comparing with other D-band AiPs and their manufacturing technologies, this dissertation demonstrates a competitively high-gain and wideband antenna with the BT substrate technology. This study proves that the low-cost BT substrate is still a good candidate for future B5G and 6G AiP applications
An Exploration of the Digital Transformation of Small and Medium-sized Manufacturing Companies: Driving Forces, Key Facilitating Factors and Effectiveness Evaluation
No full textTaiwan's small and medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) are facing the challenges of a declining workforce due to low birth rates and an aging society. The difficulty in replenishing the working-age population and the pressure caused by labor shortages have become urgent issues for Taiwan's industry, government, and academic community in recent years. Consequently, they have made great efforts to promote digital transformation to alleviate these problems and support senior employees in maintaining productivity.
This study focuses on three aspects of digital transformation: the driving factors, key elements, and performance evaluation. In-depth interviews were conducted with four benchmark companies to explore the similarities and differences in these three aspects. By analyzing and synthesizing the data, general conclusions were drawn.
Based on the analysis of the interview data from the aforementioned companies, this study provides practical recommendations for small and medium-sized manufacturing Enterprises that are currently or planning to engage in digital transformation. These recommendations include the implementation of digital transformation in specific areas or processes and a clear inventory of internal resources to formulate a digital transformation strategy. Most importantly, the determination of business owners plays a crucial role in the success of the transformation
A study of Combining Technology Acceptance Model and Theory of Planned Behavior to Predict the Usage Intention of Financial Robots
No full textThe rapid changes in technology transformed various industries to into new forms, and the financial industry is included. With the Financial Supervisory Commission's in Taiwan actively promoted of Bank 4.0, financial technology (FinTech) has become an important part of various banks' business. Therefore, it is important to combine big data and artificial intelligence to develop Financial Robots to provide a new service to bank customers.
The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) includes perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, usage attitude, and behavioral intention, and is used to explain and predict a new technology's user behavior. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is used to explore the decision-making process to user behavior, with a focus on usage attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on behavioral intentions. This study combines the TAM and TPB to investigate bank customers' behavioral intentions towards Financial Robots, and to explore the relationship between usage attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and behavioral intentions.
There were 409 respondents in this study. The statistical methods used in this study include descriptive statistics, item analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and differential analysis. The results of the study showed that (1) usage attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control have a significant positive impact on usage intention; (2) perceived ease of use has a significant positive impact on perceived usefulness; (3) perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness have a significant positive impact on usage attitude; (4) perceived ease of use significantly influences usage attitude through perceived usefulness; and (5) perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness both significantly influence usage intention through usage attitude.
Finally, based on the research findings, this study provides recommendations for banks to develop Financial Robots, including simplifying the interface to make it easy and convenient for users, making the functions more intelligent to allow users to quickly complete all complex procedures, providing education and training to staff, and offering users more comprehensive instructions on the functions