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The Study of Decentralization in Indonesia Archipelagic Regions: The Case of West Nusa Tenggara Province
No full textThe UNCLOS 1982 set the recognition for Indonesia as an archipelagic state. With this acknowledgment, Indonesia gains its advantage in managing archipelagic waters. In 1999 Law number 22 was enacted. This law is the foundation of decentralization in Indonesia. The law shifted the power from the central government to the locals, including the eight provinces with the archipelagic characteristic. The archipelagic provinces are characterized by a sea area more prominent than the land area, and its population disperses over various islands. Unfortunately, the law on decentralization did not fully support regional autonomy in the archipelagic characteristic. There is minor authority for the archipelagic regions to manage maritime affairs. The central government dominated maritime affairs such as shipping, harbor, conservation, management of small islands, oil and gas, mining, fishing for ships above 30 GT, and so on. As a result, the archipelagic regions lost their revenue potential. The small revenue is also exacerbated by the central transfer fund calculation, the general allocation fund, which only calculates land area and population.
Consequently, the archipelagic provinces, with their small population and land area, only get a small number of central transfer funds. At the same time, they need considerable funds to build maritime infrastructure such as ports and provide sea transportation. Furthermore, with the minor regional revenue and the large area that must be managed, island provinces are left behind provinces with mainland characteristics. This study found much evidence of disparities between archipelagic and non-archipelagic provinces.
The implication of the lack of authority in managing their provincial archipelagic waters is that public services are not designed to be oriented towards areas with archipelagic characteristics. Basic marine infrastructure, such as piers on small islands, is inadequate. Not all small islands can be reached by sea transportation at any time. The basic infrastructure that encounters the most problems is clean water, electricity, and information and telecommunications. Not all inhabited islands have education and health facilities. Therefore, residents of small islands need to overpass the island to the main island to get services. The main obstacle to public services in archipelagic areas is basic infrastructure and human resources. Many health facilities lack medical staff, and schools lack teachers.
For this reason, this research offers a new concept: maritime-based decentralization. This concept suggests that regions with archipelagic characteristics be given autonomy to manage their provincial archipelagic waters so that the designed public service is public service that supports the features of the archipelago and focuses and island interconnectivity. Such as mobile health and education facilities that can reach small islands
Power Factor Corrector with Digitally-Controlled Bridgeless Boost Converter
No full textIn order to increase the efficiency of power factor correction stage, bridgeless boost converter is a popular configuration. This thesis is to realize a digitally-controlled totem-pole bridgeless boost converter, average current control mode is adopted to make the input current follow the input voltage to achieve the purpose of high power factor. Small-signal model of the power stage is first derived to determine the transfer functions and loop gain. To acquire enough phase margin, adequate compensation function is obtained. The compensation function is then converted into a digital form through z transform for digital control purpose. Finally, a laboratory circuit rated at single-phase AC input voltage of 110 V, output voltage of 400 V, and output power of 400 W is built to verify the control scheme. The experimental results show that the power factor is higher than 0.99 at load heavier than 240 W. The harmonic current under full load can meet the requirements of the International Electrotechnical Commission IEC-61000-3-2 specification
Cryopreservation of Bryophytes from Tropical Montane Cloud Forest
No full textThe bryophyte diversity of tropical montane cloud forests (TMCF) is threatened due to habitat fragmentation and climate change. Cryopreservation is an essential and efficient method to conduct long-term ex situ conservation. While different cryopreservation protocols have been examined, most previous research focused on temperate and arctic mosses, excluding TMCF\ue2s bryophytes. Eleven experiments were designed to find optimized and effective cryopreservation methods for TMCF\ue2s bryophytes. Fifty-nine TMCF bryophytes, including mosses, liverworts, and hornwort were tested with the direct-cryopreservation protocols; 50 species regenerated and 16 species even showed a 100% regeneration rate (RR). Also, the longer cryo-period did not affect RR; hence, the direct cryopreservation protocol is applicable for long-term storage. The relationship between RR and environmental condition were also examined. I found RR is more related to light than the moisture of the microhabitat, and the high RR bryophytes often grow on branches and dead trunks, while the low RR bryophytes are often found on the forest floor. The potential enhancement effects of pretreatments and cryoprotectants were evaluated on five bryophytes with low RR after direct cryopreservation to determine if indirect cryopreservation can improve RR. The outcome of cold acclimation and abscisic acid pretreatments was unsuccessful; however, the RR of using cryoprotectants was remarkably high. Comprehensive cryopreservation suggestions for TMCF bryophytes are provided in this study and will contribute greatly to the ongoing TMCF bryophytes conservation projects
Tappimg and Real-time Quality Monitoring for High-Precision Internal Thread
No full textWith the increasing demand for automatically locking nuts, it is important to guarantee a consistent nut quality. Existing floating tapping machines have high production speeds and are suitable for mass production, but they may have JIS II thread quality due to tap deviation. To overcome this problem, a stable tapping machine must be considered for tapping high precision threaded nuts and the tapping process must be monitored in real-time for the internal threads quality to reduce the inspection time.
To increase the tapping rate of nut threads with JIS I Class, a cam mechanism with a long-stroke constant velocity follower motion is synthesized and analyzed. To achieve the expected tapping quality and speed, based on controlling the follower speed and its stroke, a novel cam mechanism is designed and built. To demonstrate the function and performance of the constructed mechanism and its tapped nuts, nuts of M8-1.25 have been tapped and checked with thread gauges of JIS I Classes.
At the same time, this article used the relative movement between a nut and its tap to establish the dimensionless tapping material removal rate. Furthermore, for creating the tapping torque curve of a specific nut, a few nuts were tapped to obtain the maximum value and variation of the tapping torque at various tapping speeds. Then, based on the differences in the hole sizes, chamfer depths, and material nature, the quality assurance range can be constructed as a real-time monitoring model for high precision thread manufacturing.
This paper uses S10C, SCM440 and Ti-6Al-4V nuts to verify the machine stability and quality monitoring model. About tapping stability, 750 nuts are continuously tapped at 23 m/min, the maximum tapping torque is 4.36 Nm on average, the variation is 0.43 Nm, and all of nuts are JIS I grades. Based on the above tests, it can be shown that the JIS I precision thread produced is relatively stable. Because the tapping process is rigid, so the cutting speed can be increased by more than 3 times.
Then, this paper performed verification using S10C, SCM440, and Ti-6Al-4V nuts. First, we used 30 nuts to obtain the maximum value and its range. Then, we made threads on 500 nuts and found that all the threads in the range were JIS I class. This method allows real-time monitoring of the stability of the machine and the quality of the threaded nuts. It can be quickly applied to monitor the quality of internal threads and examine machines
Visualization of the interfacial band alignment across modulated perovskite-based heterostructures
No full textHeterointerfaces have emerged as one of the essential keys in electric devices or sensors. Observing the interfacial electronic structure provides robust evidence for understanding device properties. Spatially resolved interfacial energy structures can be observed by cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy coupled with spectroscopy (XSTM/S). In addition, light-modulated cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy (LM-XSTM) can extend to the photosensitive systems, which provide surface photovoltage under illumination.
The first topic in this work, we demonstrate the study of interfacial electronic properties across n-type heterojunctions of two insulating perovskite-based complex oxides, SrTiO3 and LaAlO3. The conducting interfacial properties generate in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 system when the polar film is thicker than the critical thickness. The thickness-dependent mapping of the spatially resolved interfacial band alignment reveals the electronic band bending of SrTiO3 at the heterointerface and the electric field on the polar material.
The second topic is the modulated LaAlO3/SrTiO3 systems by ferroelectric polarization and visible light. Furthermore, when ferroelectric polarization materials capping on the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures, the electronic properties of charge accumulation or charge depletion depend on polarization direction have been demonstrated. When photosensitive metal nanoparticles deposit on the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructure, the interfacial properties transition from insulator to conducting has been illustrated after illumination.
Finally, we performed the measurement to study light-modulated electronic properties on the 2D/3D hybrid halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs), MAPbI3 system. The protecting 2D perovskite layer deposed on the perovskite crystal improves the device\ue2s lifetime. In addition, 2D Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites can enhance hole transport in 2D/3D PSCs. The interfacial energy band alignment was observed directly by XSTM and LM-XSTM. The results clearly show charge separation in 2D/3D perovskite solar cells under illumination
Consideration and Evaluation of Multiple-Use of Fishing Ports: The Case of Miaoli County Fishing Port
No full textIn the past, the abundance of fishery resources made the fishing industry an important economic source for Taiwan, and therefore fishing ports were built and developed rapidly. However, after the benefits of fisheries were felt, the problem of overfishing emerged, and the supply of fishing ports began to exceed the demand, and the population of fishing villages aged and migrated. From the perspective of sustainable development, changes must be made to the underutilized fishing ports, and it is hoped that the utilization rate of fishing ports can be increased by changing the fishing ports and adding more diversified usage methods. In this study, we used a literature review to explore overseas cases and selected Miaoli County, where all fishing ports in the county are Type II fishing ports, as the study area and conducted on-site observations. Most of the fishing ports in Miaoli County are still traditional fishing ports, and only Longfeng Fishing Port and Waipu Fishing Port have been diversified and are under continuous development, while the rest of the fishing ports are more traditional in terms of fishing behavior. In addition, there are some fishing ports that only operate during the fish season, thus making some of them underutilized fishing ports. Based on the above research results, this study concludes with the analysis of each fishing port and proposes recommendations for the future development of fishing ports by diversifying the use of fishing ports
Analysis on the Strategy of Aluminum Extrusion SMEs in Mainland China Market: Take YTS Nano Technology Co. as an Example
No full textIn recent years, the demand for smart products has greatly increased and people's emphasis on health has led to the popularity of various electronic products and fitness equipment, and the demand for metal materials has greatly increased, including aluminum materials. As the main producer of aluminum in the world, mainland China has rapidly risen in the global market by virtue of its comprehensive industrial chain advantages in recent years, and it has set off a wave of "made in China" all over the world. As a result, the case company went to mainland China to set up factories and develop business in the Jiangsu region. In recent years, it has also actively introduced high-end machinery for product manufacturing.
Three years ago, the mainland market coincided with the spread of the new crown epidemic, and various places were repeatedly affected by the epidemic blockade, which seriously impacted the normal operation of economic activities and factories in various places. Under the influence of the new crown epidemic, enterprises and factories around the world were forced to stop operations, which also led to huge changes in the way factories operate and the future business direction of enterprises.
As far as the prospects of the aluminum industry are concerned, the epidemic and the mainland government\ue2s emphasis on environmental protection in recent years have had a major impact on the operation mode of the entire industry. The industry has begun to review and re-plan its future development direction. Each enterprise also needs to cooperate with the government's environmental protection requirements for sewage treatment and pollution treatment during material forging. Facing the government's requirements for environmental protection, each enterprise must not only strictly control the waste and waste gas produced by each process, but also try their best to the method is to respond to the price competition of competitors in the highly competitive market.
This study uses two methods of participant observation and secondary data analysis, based on SWOT analysis and competitive strategy analysis literature, to examine the development prospects of aluminum extrusion small and medium-sized enterprises in the mainland market, and then analyze the impact of market environmental factors on the impact of the case company, which determines the future development direction of the case company. Through data analysis and results observation, the following objectives are achieved:
1. Discuss the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the case company.
2. Analyze the business strategy of the case company in the past to expand the mainland market.
3. Formulate the future business strategy of the case company
Research on the Crystal Growth and Properties of Yb:Y3Al5O12 Grown by Czochralski Pulling Technique
No full textIn this paper, a highly-concentration Yb:Y3Al5O12(Yb:YAG) single crystal was grown by Czochralski technique, and the problems such as defects, scattering, and cracking during crystal growth were reduced by changing different growth parameters, growth environments, growth methods, and subsequent treatments. To achieve the desired crystal quality.
In this experiment, a self-designed Czochralski pulling technique crystal growth furnace was used, and the temperature of the crystal growth furnace was adjusted by using the medium frequency induction heating power supply to control the power. The experimental raw materials are Yb2O3 powder with a purity of 99.99%, Y2O3 powder and Al2O3 powder with a purity of 99.99%.
The grown Yb:YAG crystals with different concentrations were sliced into 1mm test pieces and then subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, UV-Visible-Near IR spectrometer and Raman Spectroscopy. They are used to confirm that the obtained crystal is Yttrium aluminium garnet and its doping concentration, and to understand each doping concentration of Yb:YAG its emission spectrum and light absorption and transmittance. Finally made it as a gain medium, and applied to the Solid-state laser, the slope efficiency of the laser has been obtained
Development of a multifunctional nanofiber-hydrogel composite scaffold targeting in accelerating the excisional wound closure
No full textEffective wound dressings should provide a microenvironment comparable to native tissue, be capable of stimulating cell behavior and functions to promote tissue regeneration and should possess antibacterial properties to prevent wound infection. To achieve this goal, we propose several fabrication strategies for developing a multifunctional scaffold as a wound-healing dressing to accelerate wound closure. First, polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofiber and poly di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-oligo (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PMEO2MA-OEGMA) hydrogel were integrated into a composite scaffold inspired by the fibrous protein network in proteoglycan gels of the extracellular matrix. A hydrogel layer was sandwiched between two aligned nanofiber mesh at the top and bottom layers to create a sandwich-like composite scaffold. The integration of nanofiber and hydrogel can serve as both, a biomimetic composite and a mechanical reinforcement for the scaffold. The tensile strength of the scaffold increased fourfold from 390 kPa to 1560 kPa, with a greater elastic modulus and yield strength than the hydrogel, due to the integration of nanofibers in the composite scaffold. Furthermore, the nanofiber top layer was topographically engineered with microstructural arrays using template-assisted centrifugal electrospinning during fiber fabrication, resulting in scaffolds with parallel microscale and nanoscale topography. We exploit the multiscale topography of the surface-patterned scaffold as a cellular control mechanism to regulate the morphological changes of human dermal fibroblast cells. Cells on the surface-patterned scaffold revealed \ue2on-axis\ue2 filopodia protrusion during the cell growth, causing the cells to elongate up to 30.31 in consistent alignment along the direction of microstructures. In vitro wound healing assay demonstrated that the highly organized cellular alignment on the scaffold initiates directional cell migration of cells toward the wound site, thus accelerating wound closure. In addition, gentamicin sulfate was pre-loaded into the hydrogel middle layer to improve the antibacterial properties of the scaffold. The gentamicin is naturally released to the wound site to minimize the risk of wound infection during the healing process. During the release of gentamicin, nanofiber layers within the composite scaffold acted as additional diffusion barriers and reduced the initial burst release of gentamicin from approximately 25.10% to 13.47%, compared to the hydrogel scaffold. The experimental results prove that the dressing has high antibacterial activity and that the released gentamicin can inhibit the viability of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by more than 75%. In vivo application of the scaffold as an excisional wound treatment promoted 97.49% of healing after 15 days. The synergistic effect of multiscale topography and gentamicin release at the wound site promotes the development of the newly formed tissue by reducing inflammation, enhancing re-epithelialization, maturing collagen, and accelerating angiogenesis. The applied fabrication strategies led to the development of a multifunctional scaffold potential to promote wound healing and closure
Studies on the Secondary Metabolites from the Formosan Octocoral Briareum stechei
No full textIn the continuing studies on the chemical constituents of octocorals distributed in the waters of Taiwan. Eleven briaranes including three new compounds, 12-epi-briacavatolide B (1), 11-dehydroxybriavioid B (2), 12-epi-briastecholide L (3), as well as eight know analogs, briacavatolide B (4), briaexcavatin K (5), briaexcavatin L (6), briastecholide K (7), briastecholide L (8), briavioid B (9), briavioid E (10) and excavatolide M (11) were obtained from an octocoral identified as Briareum stechei. Briavioid B (9) exhibited activity against the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells. The results of the proinflammatory assay showed that at a concentration of 10 \uce\ubcM, compound 9 lightly reduced the release of iNOS protein about 20 %. To investigate the impact of 11-dehydroxybriavioid B (2) on (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, an ALP assay was performed using MG63 human mesenchymal stem cells. The results revealed that briarane 2 significantly enhanced ALP activity, resulting in a level of 426 king unit/mgprot at a concentration of 10 \uce\ubcM