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Dual-function electrochromic smart window based on PEDOT:PSS /graphene and cesium tungsten oxide for transmittance modulation and near infrared shielding
No full textIn this study, transparent conductive layers, which were made with the combination of few-layer graphene ink and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) by spin-coating method were utilized on an electrochromic device (ECD). Moreover, a dopant with excellent solar radiation shielding ability, cesium tungsten oxides, was added into the conductive layers, developing a cost-efficient electrochromic smart window with improved near inferred shielding feature.
The present device was assembled with five primary layers, including two transparent conductive layers, two complementary electrochromic layers (Prussian blue as the cathode and PEDOT: PSS as the anode) and PC/LiClO4 liquid electrolyte in the middle. The sheet resistance, electrochemical properties, optical performance, structure morphology and heat insulation ability of the devices were characterized by four-probe measurement with LCR meter, cyclic voltammetry (CV), vis-NIR spectrometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and self-made heat insulative chamber test, respectively.
The results shows that the sheet resistance of the PEDOT: PSS/graphene/CsWO3 film with the thickness of 500nm to 600nm, is 0.77\uce\ua9/\ue2\ua1. And the films\ue2 visible light transmittance is 76.4% at 550nm wavelength. The transmittance of colored and bleached states at 700nm wavelength was 19.7% and 52.9%, respectively, having the maximum optical contrast about 33.2%. The coloration efficiency (CE) of the device was 435.04 cm2C-1. And the response time of the device switching between colored and bleached state is 1.7s and 0.7s, respectively. With 1wt% cesium tungsten oxides nanoparticles coated inside the transparent conductive layer, the transmittance of the NIR can be blocked by the ECD about 77.4% utmost, effectively isolating outdoor thermal radiation.
In the insulating test, with 100W Halogen lamp irradiating 10 cm from the heat insulative chamber for 1 hour, the simple coating layer of PEDOT: PSS/ graphene/ CsWO3 film on glass substrate can achieve a lower indoor temperature difference, 4 \ucc C compared to the normal glass window, performing good heat shielding ability with single film. In addition, the comparation of the ECD with/without CsWO3 doping, presents that the CsWO3 doped can significantly expand the indoor/outdoor temperature difference between colored and bleached states from 4.5 \ucc C to 24.7 \ucc C. The outcomes indicate that the CsWO3 doped ECD can improve the two-way heat insulative ability of the device, absorbing the heat coming from the outside and providing the heat leaking out from the inside
Exploring the Situation of Doctors in Doctor-Patient Relationships: The Case of Tri-Service General Hospital Penghu Branch
No full textThe doctor-patient relationship refers to the interactions between doctors and patients during the medical treatment process. Because of current societal changes and the trend of healthcare commodification, the doctor-patient relationship has gradually changed from the doctor-center relationship to the service provider-customer relationship, and many medical disputes derived from intense doctor-patient relationships have become the focus of current healthcare management. Furthermore, the specific context in offshore islands could bring about more challenges for doctors in dealing with doctor-patient relationships, and less is known about how doctors on offshore islands cope with doctor-patient relationships under pressure from various dimensions.
Thus, this study employs the theoretical perspective of street-level bureaucrats and the qualitative case study method to study the case of Tri-Service General Hospital Penghu Branch. This study conducted 20 interviews, including doctors, supervisors, patients and family members, and also collected related secondary data for analysis and triangulation.
This study finds that, for this case hospital, the role identities of doctors include: (1) information explainer: providing professional information to patients for choosing their own medical treatment modes, clarifying incorrect ideas, and offering the patient-centered medical process; (2) medical treatment implementor: implementing medical treatment and curing patients\ue2 health problems; (3) service provider: providing suitable medical services for patients as customers. In addition, doctors in the case hospital need to encounter the particularity of medical services on offshore islands and job nature and pressure within the hospital context.
Moreover, this study also finds that interviewees from doctors, supervisors and patients have similar and also some different perspectives about doctor-patient relationships and related positive and negative consequences. There are still several obstacles in doctor-patient communications, such as the differences in medical service expectations and communication modes, different understanding of medical treatment priority, and the gap in personal values and beliefs. Based on these findings, this study offers practical suggestions for policy and hospital management in order to deal with difficulties in current doctor-patient communications
Policies of Digital Contact Tracing during Covid-19: Responses and Daily Strategies of HongKongers in Taiwan
No full textDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, various digital governance and anti-epidemic policies have been implemented by countries worldwide to hinder the spread of COVID-19. This thesis provides a comparative analysis of the LeaveHomeSafe policy in Hong Kong and the 1922 SMS Contact Tracing System in Taiwan. By conducting qualitative methods, including in-depth interviews of 16 HongKongers, this thesis explores how Hongkongers in Taiwan responded to these two policies and developed their daily strategies accordingly.
Drawing upon the concept of civic epistemology from the Science and Technology Studies (STS), this thesis firstly argues that the acceptance of digital contact tracing strategies would be highly dependent on the transparency of technology applications and its design. While LeaveHomeSafe policy in Hong Kong encountered substantial resistance, the 1922 SMS Contact Tracing System in Taiwan conversely, received widespread support from the HongKongers in Taiwan.
Secondly, the close association of the digital contact tracing app with national population governance significantly increases the anxiety of HongKongers, leading them to question the implicit political motives behind the app. To avoid state surveillance, Hong Kong citizens have developed strategies such as using a separate mobile phone and alternative phone numbers to cope with the design issues of the LeaveHomeSafe app.
Finally, this thesis argues that the experiences of HongKongers in Taiwan towards digital tracking technology reflect the civic epistemology of epidemic prevention, grounded in political trust, the quest for technological evidence (namely, technological transparency), and the protection of privacy. HongKongers in Taiwan, and their journey from Hong Kong to Taiwan, sheds light on how identities, rights, and everyday practices of citizens and non-citizens across national borders shape their civic epistemology. Inherently, the concept of civic epistemology encompasses the meaning of "citizens", which includes not only the citizenship and rights granted by law but also the nuances of civic identity and civic responsibilities
Child-Friendly Environment of Kaohsiung Inclusive Playground: A Service User Perspective
No full textWhen developing a city, it is vital to think about more than just massive public construction. Also, it is important to think about how much green space there is. Kaohsiung\ue2s featured park can be a symbol of city development because a city\ue2s living quality is affected by park area and spatial planning. Thus, it is crucial to comprehend from the user's point of view, and that these users' opinions have a direct impact on the community's significance, making these opinions experimental and important.This study emphasizes the role of green areas in city development, particularly the new city center of the north Kaohsiung-Aozihdi redistricting area.
This new district has large population of residential and business, but is lack of spacious space and the creation of Aozihdi Park become a substantial public park to solve the space problem. The study offers specific recommendations for improvement by applying SWOT analysis to thoroughly evaluate Aozihdi Park Park's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats from the perspectives of both internal and external environmental factors. These recommendations can serve as a resource for Kaohsiung City Government when developing the park's operation and management policies
Synthesis and characterization of two-dimensional fluorescent nanosheets for highly sensitive and selective detection of cancer markers and alkali and alkaline earth metals
No full textWe propose an ultrasensitive and cost-effective novel fluorometric approach for effectively detecting cysteamine/cancer markers. This work offers a way to comprehend the relationship between nanosheets and biomolecule sensing in two dimensions (2D) of metal composition. This work provides a mechanism to understand how nanosheets interact with biomolecule sensing in two dimensions (2D) of metal composition. A novel 2D nanomaterials synthesized via ultra-probe sonication and solvothermal combination approach. The W-doped hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (W-hBN) that we successfully synthesized displayed a high-intensity blue color fluorescence, which was verified by a PL instrument and a 365 nm UV lamp. In addition, W-hBN nanosheets characterized the physicochemical and morphological study. In this W-hBN nanosheet fluorescence sensor exhibit, achieving a heightened level of sensitivity and selectivity in the detection of cysteamine is a crucial objective. Significantly, the finding of the concentration range of cysteamine 0.001-0.028 \uce\ubcM in aqueous solution, the linear regression and relationship value is R2 =0.9991, and the calculated LOD 0.0936nM was found. Additionally, quantification tests were conducted on human serum and urine samples for real sample analysis, yielding R2 values of 0.9961 and 0.9958, respectively. Second, using boron nitride nanosheets with crown ethers 15- crown-5 (BNCE-NS), we created new techniques for creating a fluorescence sensor that can detect alkaline metal ions, particularly potassium ions K+. The results of the investigation revealed the elevated intensity blue fluorescence due to the in the interaction between 15- crown-5 and BNNs. Further, we have characterized BNCE-NS by morphology and physicochemical properties. The optimal condition of BNCE-NS blue fluorescence has shown good sensitive and selective detection of alkaline metal ion K+. In concentration ranges of 500 nM to 10 \uc2\ub5M, the BNCE-NS fluorescence reduced and increased linearly with an increase in K+ concentration; a LOD of 0.9 nM was discovered. For the real sample, analysis in this probe, the K+ sensor was spiked detected in urine and blood serum sample, satisfactory results achieved. The manufacture of two-dimensional fluorescent nanosheets using solvothermal and ultra-sonication processes has enormous promise for a range of applications is encompassed, spanning medical diagnostics and environmental sensing. 0.9 nM Continued research and development in this field are likely to yield discoveries that will benefit a variety of companies and scientific areas
A Study on the Influence of Foreign English Teachers Implementing English Courses in Primary and Middle Schools on Students\ue2 Learning Anxiety and Learning Motivation
No full textEnglish is currently recognized globally and is the most widely spoken language in the world. In Taiwan, it is also a compulsory foreign language course in school education at all levels. In 2018, the Executive Yuan passed the "Blueprint for Bilingual National Policy Development" proposed by the National Development Council. The content mentions that English should be regarded as an international lingua franca (ELF), and with the goal of 2030, Taiwan will become a bilingual country, in line with international standards and enhance the overall interaction of the country. Border, the Ministry of Education cooperates with local institutions to actively train Foreign English teaching staff to increase the coverage of foreign English teachers in primary and secondary schools. The purpose of this study is to explore whether foreign teachers' English teaching can improve students' learning motivation and reduce anxiety, and differences in gender and education stage often affect students' learning motivation and Anxiety factors. Therefore, this study selects elementary school students and junior high school students as the research objects, and selects schools in Kaohsiung City where foreign English teachers teach. The English learning anxiety and English learning motivation are used as statistical and quantitative data. A total of 300 questionnaires were sent out for investigation, and a total of 293 valid questionnaires were recovered. The data analysis was carried out with descriptive statistics, independent sample t test, dependent sample t test, covariate analysis. In terms of qualitative data, 8 students were interviewed. After typing it into a verbatim draft, it will be analyzed. The research results of this study are summarized as follows:
1.The current status of English learning anxiety and English learning motivation of elementary and middle school students belong to the "medium to high" level.
2.After receiving English teaching from foreign teachers, the students' English learning anxiety has no significant difference, but their English learning motivation has improved significantly.
3.After students receive English teaching from foreign teachers, their English learning anxiety will vary due to different background variables (gender).
4.After students receive English teaching from foreign teachers, their English learning motivation will have significant differences due to different background variables (gender).
5.After accepting English teaching from foreign teachers, compared with students in the elementary school education stage, the students in the middle school stage have a higher degree of improvement in English learning motivation.
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Microplastics in Drinking Water Treatment Plants of Taiwan: Occurrence, Characteristics and Their Removal Efficiency
No full textThis study investigates the concentrations of microplastics in influent and effluent water as well as various treatment units of four drinking water treatment plants across Taiwan. Sampling was conducted from August 2022 to July 2023, with four sampling events during this period. Only one sampling event was chosen for sampling each treatment unit among the four sampling events to explore the distribution characteristics and removal efficiency. Subsequently, sample analysis was performed using optical microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for quantitative and qualitative analysis, respectively.
The results of this study indicate that the average microplastic concentrations in the influent and effluent water of Plant A were 821\uc2\ub1131 items/L and 323\uc2\ub149.0 items/L, Plant B showed concentrations of 568\uc2\ub131.8 items/L and 225\uc2\ub112.6 items/L, Plant C exhibited concentrations of 846\uc2\ub162.4 items/L and 331\uc2\ub125.7 items/L, and Plant D demonstrated concentrations of 603\uc2\ub122.2 items/L and 237\uc2\ub111.7 items/L. The average removal rate across the four drinking water treatment plants was found to be 60.7%, based on the differences in concentrations between influent and effluent water. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses revealed similarities in characteristics among influent and effluent water as well as various treatment units. Fragmented particles were identified as the predominant type, followed by fibers, films, spheres, and foamed plastics. Particle sizes predominantly fell within the ranges of 10-25 \uc2\ub5m, 26\ue250 \uc2\ub5m, and 51\ue2100 \uc2\ub5m, with black being the predominant color. LDPE, HDPE, and PP were identified as the most common polymer types among the selected microplastics. The concentrations of microplastics varied throughout the treatment stages of the drinking water treatment plants, decreasing during coagulation and sedimentation but exhibiting an increase upon entering the rapid filtration stage.
In this study, influent water microplastic concentrations from each plant were subjected to diversity index, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis. Diversity index revealed a relatively single-source composition, and no significant correlation was observed between rainfall, turbidity, visitor numbers, and microplastic concentrations. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that PC1 predominantly contributed to materials similar to those in Cluster1, such as LDPE and HDPE, while PC2 contributed to materials similar to those in Cluster2, such as PP. Risk assessments based on polymer risk indices for effluent water indicated lower pollution risks for the four drinking water treatment plants
Do you find horoscope prediction believable? An investigation in readers\ue2 response to horoscope prediction and horoscope-related social media engagement
No full textHoroscope prediction has always been a popular topic in newspapers, magazines, TV shows, online websites, and various social media platforms. Zodiac signs or horoscope prediction, besides being entertaining, also serves as a popular conversation topic among friends. It can also offer comfort to individuals. This study investigates how individual\ue2s belief in horoscope and satisfaction with life influence their credibility perception of horoscope prediction articles, and how such belief and perception affect their responses to horoscope prediction and subsequent willingness to engage on social media (such as willingness to share the prediction). This study further considers the scenarios of positive and negative horoscope predictions on the Instagram. Partial least squares analysis on 363 valid survey responses (186 for positive prediction scenario and 177 for negative prediction scenario) revealed that belief in horoscope and satisfaction with life influence their perception of the credibility of horoscope articles. Additionally, the credibility of horoscope articles further impacts reader responses and their willingness to engage in horoscope-related social media
Photonic Convolutional Neural Network Practice for MNIST Image Classification
No full textThis thesis investigates the problem of digit classification in the MNIST dataset using an photonic convolutional neural network(CNN) system through experimental analysis and design exploration. In the optical Multiply\ue2accumulate experiment, the system achieved an overall accuracy of 95.05%, a precision of 95.13%, a recall rate of 95.05%, and an F1-score of 95.05%. The experimental results differed from computer simulations by less than 2%, fully demonstrating the feasibility of the optical convolutional neural network.
For chip design, four 2 \uc3 2 convolutional kernels are used in CNN.The optical multiplication part employs two sets of Mach-Zehnder modulators, with high-speed image input signals processed by forward or reverse bias PN-doped phase modulators; the low-speed convolutional kernel weight signals use metal-heated phase modulators. Optical addition is realized by combining multimode interference splitters or photodetectors according to requirements. The chip uses a commercial broadband light source combined with fabrication-insensitive wavelength division multiplexing components, effectively reducing the number of light sources and alignment
requirements for channels.
The computing density of the reverse-biased PN-doped modulation chip is expected to reach 0.0384 TOPS/mm2, with a computational efficiency of 1.0168 TOPS/W; whereas the forward-biased PN-doped modulation chip\ue2s computing density can reach 0.05 TOPS/mm2, with a computational efficiency of 0.586 TOPS/W, and the computational accuracy can reach 5 bit
Investigation of Test Pattern Generation and Application for Approximate Logic Circuits, and an Analysis of Test Cost and Yield Improvement Loss
No full textIn recent years, the rise of Approximate Computing has garnered widespread attention. This approach, trading off precision for efficiency, finds extensive applications in areas such as neural networks and image processing where exact results are not necessary. Additionally, employing approximate computing circuits in testing can lead to improved production yield by mitigating the impact of certain errors on output results. However, it may also result in over-testing, leading to less-than-expected yield improvements, a phenomenon known as Yield Increase Loss (YIL).
In previous literature on approximate testing, papers related to test pattern generation and test set application aimed to reduce YIL, with only one paper achieving no YIL. However, this paper did not explore commonly used circuits or how to further reduce the number of required test patterns. Therefore, based on the analysis of existing approximate testing methods, this thesis proposes an Approximate Test Pattern Application (ATPA) framework. We improve upon past ATPG (automatic test pattern generation) constraints and introduce innovative test sets to achieve extremely low YIL and reduce the number of test patterns within commonly used circuit ranges.
In ATPA, this thesis proposes two different versions, namely extremely low production yield increase loss ATPA (no YIL) and ATPA (low test cost).The no-YIL version of ATPA effectively eliminates yield increase loss (YIL = 0%). Furthermore, compared to the most mature approximate testing techniques currently available, this technique can also reduce the average number of test patterns by 24% within commonly used approximate circuit ranges. The low-test-cost version of ATPA significantly reduces the number of test patterns compared to previous literature, with a 7.8% YIL increase cost, resulting in a 35% decrease in test pattern count