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Anonymous Fine-grained Access Control with Localized User Attribute Update and Hierarchical Authority Delegating Secure Device-to-Device Communications in Next-Generation Mobile Networks
No full textDevice-to-device (D2D) Communications enables direct communication between devices without the assistance of core networks in mobile networks for the applications that exchange data among devices out of the coverage of infrastructures of mobile networks. It achieves load balancing, efficient bandwidth utilization, and latency reduction. It holds potential for information exchange in proximity areas or the case of infrastructure compromised. Before D2D communications, device discovery and pairing are essential. The user and service profiles issued by the corresponding internet-of-things (IoT) service providers are necessary for the procedure of device discovery and pairing by the core networks of mobile networks. However, the above procedure may expose the sensitive user and service profiles to mobile network service providers, such as privacy protection on discovery and pairing information, and fine-grained and bidirectional access control.
Relevant research addresses this issue using attribute-based encryption which has fine-grained access capabilities, authenticating both connecting parties while protecting privacy through hidden policies. Yet, flexibility in policies and stability in identity updates remain challenges. This study first proposes an anonymous and bidirectional attribute-based encryption with localized attribute update and delegated key issuing (LD-ABABE). Then, this work introduces an anonymous bidirectional fine-grained access control with semi-offline credential update and delegated credential issuing for secure D2D protocol. The proposed secure D2D protocol utilizes the proposed LD-ABABE for identity authentication for
the access control of D2D communications in 5G, enhancing policy flexibility through linear secret sharing scheme (LSSS) while ensuring mutual privacy in bidirectional authentication. It also allows partial identity updates in restricted network scenarios. To mitigate potential user data leakage in case of server attacks, we design the system as a distributed server, where new servers require delegation from existing members to gain authorization capabilities.
We then conduct security proofs and performance analysis for the proposed secure D2D communications protocol and compare our approach with other related studies
Inconsistent Vth degradation in different ILD process LTPS-TFTs after NBTI
No full textAs the era of smart technology emerges, the demand for displays is steadily increasing, be it in electronic products such as smartphones, televisions, or computers \ue2 all facing a supply shortage. Additionally, there is a pursuit for high-performance, high-resolution, low-noise, and high-stability display quality. The Low Temperature Poly-Silicon Thin Film Transistors (LTPS TFTs), known for their high carrier mobility and outstanding electrical characteristics, dominate the current market for small to medium-sized panels and stand as one of the primary materials under extensive research.
With the evolution of technology, the performance requirements for displays continue to escalate, making heat dissipation a crucial concern. The selection of two different dielectric layer materials, silicon dioxide (SiO2) and silicon nitride (Si3N4), comes with varying advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, this study investigates the reliability of LTPS components with different dielectric layer deposition sequences. Simultaneously, both structures are scaled down to explore the potential emergence of electrical issues such as the short-channel effect.
This thesis is divided into four parts. Firstly, a comparison of the basic electrical characteristics of transistors with different deposition sequences reveals distinct trends in subthreshold swing as channel length decreases. Consequently, the largest differences between the two components are examined. It is proposed that when depositing the inter-layer dielectric (ILD) metal layer, silicon nitride deposition first results in a higher hydrogen concentration, diffusing into the gate insulator (GI) and interface of the active layer, thereby filling defects in the oxide layer and interface. In contrast, the structure with silicon oxide deposition first, due to lower hydrogen production, remains unaffected by hydrogen diffusion, resulting in different fundamental electrical trends when altering channel length.
The second part involves subjecting both components to high-temperature negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) experiments. It is observed that the structure with silicon nitride deposition first exhibits increased threshold voltage (Vth) variation as the channel length shortens, while the structure with silicon oxide deposition first shows no significant change in Vth variation with varying channel length, creating an inconsistency in degradation. Drawing from the model proposed in the first part, band diagrams are presented, aligning with the degradation mechanism.
The third part involves high-temperature positive bias temperature instability (PBTI) experiments on the same two transistors, exploring whether degradation is similarly influenced by the model proposed in the first part. After PBTI, it is discovered that the structure with silicon oxide deposition first exhibits an opposite trend in Vth variation with shorter channel lengths compared to NBTI experiments. Simultaneously, the structure with silicon oxide deposition first shows consistent Vth variation irrespective of channel length changes. Analyzing the relationship between Vth variation and time, it is found that the degradation mechanism aligns with the electron capture model (Charge Trapping Model). Band diagrams are proposed, consistent with the physical model proposed in the first part, providing additional validation for silicon nitride deposition as the dielectric layer hydrogen diffusion model.
Finally, the study concludes with the verification of hydrogen concentration at the channel edges and center of both structures through Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) analysis, confirming the proposed physical mechanism model
Research on the Issue of Succession in Taiwan's SME \ue2 The Role and Impact of Banking Services
No full textThis study aims to explore the role and impact of the banking industry in Taiwan on the succession issues of SMEs and to provide practical insights and suggestions to help the banking industry and SMEs better address the challenges of succession. The research method adopted in this study is qualitative in-depth interviews, including five banking professionals from branches in southern Taiwan and three SME entrepreneurs. The results show that bank personnel generally recognize that SME succession directly impacts banking operations. In the process of SME succession, banks may face the risk of losing customers, but this can also be an opportunity for business expansion. Many banks provide different resources and services related to estate planning. However, disparities among banks and regional limitations make it difficult for some SMEs to access adequate resources. The study suggests that the banking industry can strengthen its staff's knowledge of taxation and asset planning related to estate planning and organize forums and co-learning courses for the second generation of enterprises, fostering mutual learning among businesses and enhancing customer identification with banks. In addition, the study also finds that frequent staff turnover in banks may affect long-term customer relationships, so the banking industry needs to consider balancing internal control and maintaining business relationships while passing on social capital to the next generation
The Impact of Taiwan's Interest Rate Hikes on Taiwan Stock's Abnormal Returns: The Event Study Approach
No full textThis study explores the impact of global interest rate cuts and low-interest policies on the stock market since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on the specific implementation and effects of post-pandemic interest rate hikes in Taiwan. During the pandemic, the low-interest-rate environment encouraged capital inflows into the stock market. However, as the pandemic ended and the world faced new challenges such as regional wars, US-China frictions, and increasing inflationary pressures, interest rate hikes became the primary strategy for governments worldwide to address economic challenges.
The study emphasizes Taiwan's five interest rate hikes since March 2022, totaling a 0.75% increase. By calculating the abnormal returns (AR) and cumulative abnormal returns (CAR) of targeted listed companies, we analyzed the impact on different types of stocks from a macroeconomic perspective.
Based on the empirical results, this study observed that the initial interest rate hike reflected the market's positive response to the early phase of the interest rate policy. By the second hike, concerns grew over the potential impacts of continuous hikes on financing costs and economic growth, particularly affecting non-financial stocks, whose cumulative abnormal returns turned negative, while financial stocks maintained positive returns due to benefits from the rate increase. After the third hike, the negative impacts on economic growth continued to escalate. Even though financial stocks still benefited from rising interest rates, the magnitude of this positive effect weakened, and other types of stocks saw their cumulative abnormal returns turn negative. By the fourth and fifth hikes, the market fully anticipated the long-term negative impacts of the hikes, resulting in negative cumulative abnormal returns for all types of stocks. This series of trends reflects the market's gradual shift from an initial optimism about the interest rate policy to an eventual negative assessment
Deep Learning in Ultrasound Segmentation of Uterus and Adenomyosis
No full textAdenomyosis is a common gynecological disease, which usually affects the physical health, mental health and fertility of patients, so early diagnosis and treatment are very important. Clinically, ultrasound scanning is a detection method that is widely used in the first step. Physicians heavily rely on their own clinical experience and skills to diagnose adenomyosis for now. Therefore, adding objective information about ultrasound images from deep learning models can be valuable and helpful for physicians to make the diagnosis.
To improve the reliability of ultrasound diagnosis of adenomyosis, this article used a deep learning model to train models of the uterus, endometrium, and adenomyosis images. The ultrasound images are divided into two categories according to their acquisition methods, namely, Trans-abdominal Sonogram and Trans-vaginal Sonogram. The types of images include the uterus, adenomyosis and endometrium. In this article, several semantic segmentation models are used for deep learning ,categorical-cross entropy as the loss function, and Dice as the evaluation function.
The results of the article showed that the training Dice of the uterus can reach 71.7%, the training Dice of the endometrium can reach 55.5%, and the training Dice of adenomyosis can reach 71.2%. This means that this model can effectively assist physicians in their judgment of diagnosing Adenomyosis.
After post-processing experiment, we remove the fragmented sections of the uterus and fill the tiny holes.The original Dice for the uterus, initially at 71.7%, was slightly enhanced to 71.9%, showing a little increase of 0.2%.
It is worth mentioning that the training data in this experiment come from two different methods of ultrasound acquisition, which makes this experiment have great practical value. In addition, the backbone in the semantic segmentation model used in this experiment has important application value in image segmentation and can be used for other medical images
How and When Organizational Dehumanization Influences Employee Work Attitude
No full textThis study mainly focused on organizational dehumanization (OD), exploring its negative impact on organization-based self-esteem (OBSE), and added internal locus of control (ILC) traits as moderating role to observe whether the employees\ue2 comportments with ILC would be changed after undergoing organizational dehumanization. There are two presupposed results, the positive result where employees' affective commitment increases, causing employees to improve themselves to serve the organization, and the negative one increases employees\ue2 turnover intentions. Although earlier research on OD has delivered that OD negatively influenced on OBSE, the elements of how it impacts on individuals\ue2 OBSE and the correlation of the negative impact and individuals\ue2 affective commitment have yet to be clarified. This study is based on self-consistency theory to examine the correlation among OD, OBSE as well as employees\ue2 affective commitment (AC), and explore its moderating role of internal locus of control (ILC) within the above-mentioned structures. Our data collection was retrieved from 251 incumbents in the domestic financial services industry. The findings demonstrates that higher ILC buffers the negative effects caused by OD on employees\ue2 OBSE. Finally, our study was concluded with relevant suggestions for the direction of future research regarding the influence of OD on personnels and organizations, as well as in-depth insights into how organizational dehumanization affects employees' work attitude
A study of the current development of managerial coach in Taiwan
No full textManagerial coach is leading subordinates by use coaching methods, which requires management professionals to provide managerial coach courses to train supervisors with managerial coaching skills. However, how many companies currently provide managerial coaching courses in Taiwan, the actual provision of courses, and why companies introduce managerial coaching are worth to discuss.
In order to know the current status of managerial coach in Taiwan, this study use a mixed research method to collect different data including industries, managerial coaching practitioners, companies participating in the courses, and managerial coaching consultants.
The results showed managerial coaching courses accounted for less than 30% in the industry overall courses; the main axis of course design was based on the application of coaching skills. The main reason for introducing the course is the increase in client demand and the matching of the company's existing courses; the obstacles encountered in promoting coaching courses on the business side, managers do not understand the management implications of coaching and the effectiveness of coaching courses on the company is not easy to show. And on the student side the coaching skills learned are not easy to use in the company.
Companies participating in managerial coach courses are mainly with less than 500 employees; most of them are in the traditional industry and service industry. Most of the courses attended are within 16 hours (2 days), and the purpose is mostly to build coaching-related knowledge and skills and provide one-on-one coaching for senior executives
Schmitt on \ue2Can Represent of Constituent Power be Regularized? \ue2: Chinese Political Constitutionalism Commentary on Hong Kong\ue2s National Security Issue as an Example
No full textIn the process of formulating the Hong Kong National Security Law (\ue9\ua6\ue6\ub8\uaf\ue5\ue5\uae\ue6\ub3), two Chinese scholars defended the actions of the Chinese government through the discourse of "represent of constituent power is regularized." These two scholars are Chen Duanhong (\ue9\ub3\ue7\uab\uaf\ue6\ub4\uaa) and Jiang Shigong (\ue5\ubc\ub7\ue4\ub8\ue5). Chen Duanhong and Jiang Shigong believe that Hong Kong\ue2s national security issue has already touched upon China\ue2s sovereignty, allowing the Standing Committee of the National People\ue2s Congress (\ue5\ua8\ue5\ue4\uba\uba\ue5\ua4\ua7\ue5\ub8\ub8\ue5\ua7\ue6) to use its identity as a represent of constituent power to interpret the Hong Kong Basic Law (\ue9\ua6\ue6\ub8\uaf\ue5\uba\ue6\uac\ue6\ub3) arbitrarily. This situation, where the defense of the Hong Kong National Security Law is based on represent of constituent power, has been observed by most people. Some observations or studies even accuse Chen Duanhong and Jiang Shigong of drawing from Carl Schmitt\ue2s constitutional theory and imply that their actions are similar to the collaboration between Schmitt and the Nazis.
Given the limited focus on Schmitt\ue2s primary texts in the aforementioned observations or studies, let alone evaluating whether Chinese constitutional scholars\ue2 use of Schmitt is appropriate. This article will use Schmitt\ue2s works to demonstrate that Schmitt\ue2s theoretical intent is fundamentally different from that of Chen Duanhong and Jiang Shigong. Furthermore, it will show how Schmitt\ue2s arguments can be used to refute their positions. The article will argue that the regularized exercise of represent of constituent power always undermines the legitimacy of its own constitution, leaving China\ue2s constitution effective only in terms of the ruling position of the Chinese Communist Party, while other constitutional provisions remain unconfirmed blanks
The impact of online complaint response on observers' brand attitudes: moderation by brand personality
No full textConsumers often rely on online reviews before making purchasing decisions. It is crucial for businesses to carefully manage negative reviews and select their complaint response strategies on public platforms since the experiences shared by other customers serve as important reference for thousands of online observers. These observers\ue2 brand attitudes are easily influenced by the information they receive. Apart from satisfying the individuals who leave negative feedback, businesses also need to consider potential customers who act as observers on the internet.
In the previous service recovery research, the satisfaction of complainants with the company's response depends on the perceived distributive justice, procedural justice and interactional justice of these response. In other words, the higher the perceived levels of justice score during the complaint process, the higher the satisfaction with the complaint handling. Compared to the previous research, this paper will focus on the observers\ue2 brand attitudes rather than complainants\ue2 brand attitudes. Also, the research will examine the moderating effect of brand personality to check the impact of brand personality on the relationship between distributive justice, procedural justice, interactional justice and observers\ue2 brand attitudes.
A 2 (brand personality) x 3 (complaint response) experimental design was adopted to explore the effects of excitement or competence brand personality with three different complaint responses. The research result shows that excitement brand has a more positive impact on observers\ue2 brand attitudes than competence brand. Moreover, the interaction between excitement brand and procedural justice further enhances observers\ue2 brand attitudes
The Determinants of ESG Disclosure in the Financial Industry under GRI Standards
No full textThe purpose of this study is to explore the determinants of degree of ESG disclosure under the GRI standards of domestic financial companies listed on the stock market.
The empirical results show that the level of ESG disclosure in the financial industry is influenced by the return on assets, the total foreign shareholding ratio, the proportion of independent directors, and the proportion of director and supervisor relatives' shareholding. Among them, the total foreign shareholding ratio and the proportion of independent directors are significantly positively correlated with the level of ESG disclosure, while the return on assets and the proportion of director and supervisor relatives' shareholding are significantly negatively correlated with the level of ESG disclosure.
Empirical results found that economic theme disclosure is affected by the return on assets, which is significantly negatively correlated with the degree of economic disclosure. The environmental theme is influenced by the director and supervisor shareholding ratio and the director and supervisor relatives' shareholding ratio, among which the director and supervisor shareholding ratio is significantly positively correlated with the environmental disclosure degree, and the director and supervisor relatives' shareholding ratio is significantly negatively correlated with the environmental disclosure degree. The social theme is influenced by the return on assets, the total foreign shareholding ratio, and the proportion of independent directors. Among them, the return on assets is significantly negatively correlated with the social disclosure degree, while the total foreign shareholding ratio and the proportion of independent directors are significantly positively correlated with the social disclosure degree