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Two Stimuli of Hyperphagia: High Fat Diet and Weight Regain
No full textabstract: As obesity continues to grow across the world, better understanding of the disease, treatments, and outcomes becomes increasingly important. Animal models used to study these aspects of obesity have 3 phases: experimental (EXP), caloric restriction (CR), and weight regain (WR). For this study an ad libitum high-fat diet (HFD) was used to induce hyperphagia and weight gain in Sprague-Dawley rats in the experimental period. Rats then transitioned to a chow (CH) diet and energy intake (EI; kcal/day) was reduced 40-60% during the caloric restriction period. In weight regain, rats were given chow ad libitum. This protocol was run 3 times, once every academic school year (2017-2018, 2018-2019, and 2019-2020). Sample sizes listed in the order of high fat (HF) rats then chow (CH) rats for each year were as follows: 2017-2018 (n=11, n=8), 2018-2019 (n=12, n=8), 2019-2020 (n=14, n=10). Analysis of energy intake was performed on the first week of the experimental phase and the first week of the weight regain phase.
HF EXP rats showed hyperphagic average daily EIs compared to CH EXP rats for all 3 years (p<0.01-0.0001). HF WR rats were similar to CH WR rats in all applicable years in terms of average daily EI. However, both HF WR and CH WR rats were hyperphagic. HFD caused hyperphagia to be highest at the beginning of the first week of EXP and then EI decreased significantly as days went by. However, in WR, hyperphagia (HF WR and CH WR) was flat throughout the week. Obesity prone (OP) rats during EXP had similar EI behavior to obesity resistant (OR) rats during EXP within the same year. During WR though, OP rats had significantly greater average daily EI (p<0.05-0.001) compared to WR OR rats within the same year for 2 out of the 3 years.
These results suggest that HFD induces hyperphagia during weight gain. In weight regain, where HFD is absent, HF rats and CH rats are both hyperphagic. This suggests that WR induces hyperphagia in both rat groups. WR also induces a greater increase in EI for OP rats compared to OR rats. Therefore, hyperphagia seems to be driven by 2 mechanisms (HFD and WR). The profiles of the responses are different however. HFD induces hyperphagia that decreases over the first week and the level of hyperphagia is similar between OP and OR rats. WR induces hyperphagia that remains stable in the first week and is more pronounced in OP rats compared to OR rats. (abstract
Expectations Among Arizona State University Students for Family Planning and Career in Relation to Gender
No full textabstract: Studies over the past years have collected data on the opinions of women in the workforce related to family planning and societal norms (Buddhapriya, 2009). However, these studies do not address the opinions of college students, the majority of whom have not yet entered the workforce yet, may have strong opinions about whether or not career ambitions and the desire for children are mutually exclusive. In addition, these studies mainly focus on the hardships of women already in the workforce, rather than to understand how to broaden the workforce to accommodate women before entering motherhood. Therefore, to encourage mothers in the workforce to strive for high professional achievement, it is important to first encourage those making life-changing decisions based on degree choice in college. In doing this, 111 Arizona State University (ASU) students of all years, gender, and college choice were surveyed to better understand the difference between men's and women’s opinions on family planning in relation to career. The results of the survey concluded that more women have not let family planning affect their choice of major and career aspirations. Although previous studies have shown that a job affects motherhood in the professional aspect, this does not seem to be a reason to alter career choices. (abstract
A Supplement to ASU's MAT 370: Examples and Applications
No full textabstract: This thesis is a supplement textbook designed with ASU’s MAT 370, or more generally, a course in introductory real analysis (IRA). With research in the realms of mathematics textbook creation and IRA pedagogy, this supplement aims to provide students or interested readers an additional presentation of the materials. Topics discussed include the real number system, some topology of the real line, sequences of real numbers, continuity, differentiation, integration, and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. Special emphasis was placed on worked examples of proven results and exercises with hints at the end of every chapter. In this respect, this supplement aims to be both versatile and self-contained for the different mathematics skill levels of readers. (abstract
The Looming Eviction Crisis: Renters in Peril during the COVID-19 Pandemic
No full textabstract: This thesis will be exploring the situation of one of the most vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 pandemic, low-income renters. As businesses and whole states were shutdown, jobs and wages were lost and the over 100 million renters in the United States, many of whom spend a significant chunk of their income on their rent, were forced into a precarious situation.
The Federal Rent Moratorium that is currently in effect bars any evictions for missed rent payments, but these are expenses that if left unpaid, are just continuously accruing. These large sums of rent payments are currently scheduled to be dropped on struggling individuals at the end of the recently extended date of June 30th, 2021. As these renters are unable to pay for their housing, landlords lose the revenue streams from their investment properties, and are in turn unable to cover the debt service on the financing they utilized to acquire the property. In turn, financial institutions can then face widespread defaults on these loans.
The rental property market is massive, as roughly 34% of the American population consist of renters. If left unaddressed, this situation has the potential to cause cataclysmal consequences on the economy, including mass homelessness and foreclosures of rental properties and complexes. Everyone, from the tenants to the bankers and beyond, are stakeholders in this dire situation and this paper will seek to explore the issues, desires, and potential solutions applicable to all parties involved. Beginning with the pre-pandemic outlook of the rental housing market, then examining the impact of the coronavirus and the resulting federal actions, to finally explore solutions that may prevent or mitigate this potential disaster. (abstract
Protection of Flash Memory in the Space Environment
No full textabstract: This is a test plan document for Team Aegis' capstone project that has the goal of mitigating single event upsets in NAND flash memory caused by space radiation. (abstract
Parental Expectations and Future Pathways to Success
No full textabstract: Expectation for college attendance in the United States continues to rise as more jobs require degrees. This study aims to determine how parental expectations affect high school students in their decision to attend college. By examining parental expectations that were placed on current college students prior to and during the application period, we can determine the positive and negative outcomes of these expectations as well as the atmosphere they are creating. To test the hypothesis, an online survey was distributed to current ASU and Barrett, Honors College students regarding their experience with college applications and their parents' influence on their collegiate attendance. A qualitative analysis of the data was conducted in tandem with an analysis of several case studies to determine the results. These data show that parental expectations are having a significant impact on the enrollment of high school students in college programs. With parents placing these expectations on their children, collegiate enrollment will continue to increase. Further studies will be necessary to determine the specific influences these expectations are placing on students. (abstract
Mondragon: An Analysis of its Democratic Structure and Cooperative Culture
No full textabstract: Since the global financial crisis of 2007-8, interest in worker-cooperatives and alternative forms of organization has surged. Mondragon, located in the Basque region of Spain, represents the largest federation of worker-cooperatives around the world, consisting of 98 cooperatives and 143 subsidiaries, which earned a total revenue of $14.5 billion in 2019. While previous attempts to establish a similar model have historically reached limited success, Mondragon has achieved a unique balance of remaining economically viable, on the one hand, and staying true to its founding principles of democratic governance, on the other. This paper sets out to analyze the democratic structure and the cooperative culture at the heart of the Mondragon model, as well as the new type of human relationship that it fosters. In particular, this relationship is one in which individual well-being is bound up with communal well-being that avoids the antagonistic clash between the capital and labor. (abstract
Why We Don’t Call Her “Nasty Woman” : Understanding Race and Gender Perceptions of Women Politicians in the United States from 2008 to 2021
No full textabstract: The media often portrays and the public often percieves white women and women of color politicians experience feminist obstacles, such as the masculine-feminine double bind and being dehumanized in the same way. Many of these representations of women of color politicians in society do not incorporate the impact of intersectionality and confining gender schemas; therefore, women of color politician’s experiences are often lumped together with that of their white women counterparts. This phenomenon ultimately contributes to the persistence of color-blind racism in the United States, which negatively effects the life outcomes of women of color politicians and women of color in general. In effort to help lessen the effects of color-blind racism locally and in government, some tools on how to reflect on one’s own biases are provided and avenues for change are proposed. (abstract