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Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena
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    Geospatial analysis of weeds in olive groves using unmanned aerial vehicles and GIS

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    [SPA] Los riesgos ambientales y sanitarios actuales justifican la creciente restricción de productos fitosanitarios en la agricultura, lo que empuja a la búsqueda de nuevas herramientas que optimicen su aplicación. El presente estudio se desarrolló con el objetivo de evaluar la viabilidad de aplicar técnicas de teledetección y análisis geoespacial para la detección de zonas críticas de vegetación adventicia en un olivar y su repercusión económica. La metodología se inició con la adquisición de imágenes multiespectrales de la parcela mediante dron en dos épocas, seleccionándose para el análisis el vuelo que contaba con presencia de malas hierbas. Las imágenes se procesaron y corrigieron en el software Pix4Dmapper, para después elaborar la composición multibanda con las bandas RGB, NIR y Red Edge. Entonces, se realizó la clasificación supervisada del cultivo, y a partir de las copas clasificadas se crearon áreas de influencia para aislar el análisis a las calles del olivar, donde se calcularon tres índices de vegetación (NDVI, MCARI y OSAVI). La detección de malas hierbas se realizó mediante dos enfoques de umbralización, uno basado en estudios previos (umbralización fija) y otro en base a las estadísticas de cada píxel (umbralización dinámica), generando mapas binarios de zonas críticas que corresponden a celdas de valor superior al valor umbral definido. Finalmente, se seleccionó el índice NDVI con umbral dinámico como el más adecuado para estimar la superficie afectada. Los resultados mostraron que la metodología aplicada permitió reducir en un 95% la superficie a tratar respecto a la aplicación generalizada, y, por ende, un ahorro económico significativo. En conclusión, el uso de Sistemas de Información Geográfica integrada en los UAV constituye una herramienta de apoyo eficaz y precisa en la gestión localizada de malas hierbas, contribuyendo a la sostenibilidad económica y ambiental del olivar. [ENG] Current environmental and health risks justify the increasing restriction of plant protection products in agriculture, which is driving the search for new tools to optimize their application. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the feasibility of applying remote sensing and geospatial analysis techniques to detect critical areas of adventitious vegetation in an olive grove, and their economic impact. The methodology began with the acquisition of multispectral images of the plot using a drone at two different times, selecting the flight that showed the presence of weeds for analysis. The images were processed and corrected using Pix4Dmapper software, and then a multiband composition was created with the RGB, NIR, and Red Edge bands. Next, supervised classification of the crop was performed, and areas of influence were created from the classified canopies to isolate the analysis to the rows of the olive grove, where three vegetation indices (NDVI, MCARI, and OSAVI) were calculated. Weed detection was performed using two thresholding approaches, one based on previous studies (fixed thresholding) and the other one based on the statistics of each pixel (dynamic thresholding), generating binary maps of critical areas corresponding to cells with values above the defined threshold value. Finally, the NDVI index with a dynamic threshold was selected as the most suitable for estimating the affected area. The results showed that the methodology applied reduced the area to be treated by 95% compared to widespread application, thus generating significant economic savings. In conclusion, the use of Geographic Information Systems integrated into UAVs is an effective and accurate support tool for localized weed management, contributing to the economic and environmental sustainability of olive groves.Escuela Técnica superior de Ingeniería AgronómicaUniversidad Politécnica de Cartagen

    Combined microbial inoculation and reduced inorganic fertilization enhances diversity and functionality in potato rhizosphere microbiome at field scale. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

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    Background Intensive potato farming heavily relies on mineral fertilizers which can be detrimental to the environment. Microbial inoculants emerge as a sustainable alternative to such fertilizers due to their potential to improve nutrient availability and plant health. Nevertheless, their effect on potato rhizosphere and tuberosphere require further elucidation. Methods A field experiment was conducted in Southeast Spain on potato using a randomized block design involving four fertilization treatments: conventional mineral fertilization (F100); 50% fertilization reduction (F50); and F50 combined with two distinct microbial inoculants (F50 + BA, containing Azospirillum, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas; and F50 + BAFU, containing Azotobacter, Bacillus, and non-mycorrhizal fungi). Soil samples from the bulk, rhizosphere, and tuberosphere were collected at four key growth stages: pre-planting, pre-inoculation, post-inoculation, and at harvest. Microbial community composition and diversity were assessed using sequencing data and estimated absolute abundance. The functional potential of the soil microbiome was evaluated by quantifying key genes involved in carbon and nitrogen biogeochemical cycles via quantitative PCR. Results In the post-inoculation stage, the estimated absolute abundance of potential pathogenic fungi such as Neocosmospora, Botryotrichum, and Gibellulopsis was significantly decreased in the F50 + BAFU and F50 + BA treatments compared to the F50 treatment, which showed the highest estimated absolute abundance values (1.48 × 105, 1.20 × 106, and 6.87 × 105 copies g⁻1 soil, respectively) (p-value < 0.05). Shannon diversity significantly varied across plant growth stages and soil compartments (p-value < 0.001), with the tuberosphere generally exhibiting the highest richness. Notably, during the post-inoculation period, diversity was significantly higher in the F50 BA treatment than in F100 (p-value < 0.05), indicating a positive effect of microbial inoculation under reduced fertilization. By normalizing functional gene abundance to total microbial biomass (gene/16S rRNA ratio) during the post- inoculation period, we observed not only a quantitative increase but also evidence of a treatment-driven functional enrichment, as in the F50 + BAFU and F50 + BA treatments, that significantly increased the abundances of key nitrogen cycling genes, such as nifH (0.09 and 0.06 copies ­ g‒1 soil in April, respectively) and nirK (0.008 and 0.011 copies ­ g‒1 soil in April, respectively), as well as gene GH7 (0.012 copies ­ g‒1 soil in May), compared to the F100 and F50 treatments (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion Microbial inoculants offer a promising strategy for reducing chemical fertilizer inputs in semi-arid potato cultivation by enhancing beneficial soil functions, temporarily promoting beneficial microbes, improving nitrogen cycling, and suppressing pathogens, thereby supporting a resilient crop microbiome.European Commission Horizon 2020,817819,NextGenerationEU,PRTR-C17.I

    Cómo interactuar con unidades de contenido

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    La unidad explica cómo interactuar con contenidos educativos digitales: gestión de unidades abiertas, identificación de widgets y cumplimiento de objetivos, seguimiento del progreso, uso de subrayado y notas, acceso a opciones de accesibilidad y referencia a una interfaz controlada por voz. Incluye textos explicativos, una imagen ilustrativa y varios vídeos demostrativos para guiar al usuario en el uso eficaz de la plataforma

    3. Speaking for global business and tourism. Politeness and intercultural communication

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    This unit examines politeness strategies and intercultural communication for global business and tourism contexts. It introduces positive and negative politeness, indirect speech, and hedging, and explores cultural dimensions (context, formality, turn-taking, non-verbal norms). Through scenarios and improved dialogues, learners practice adapting language for clarity, respect, and professionalism across cultures

    Study of the tribological properties of a polybutylene succinate (PBS) modified with natural fibers

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    En este estudio se va a determinar cómo evolucionan las propiedades tribológicas de un bioplástico como es el succinato de polibutileno (PBS) al reforzarlo con fibras naturales, concretamente algas y cáñamo. Para ello se realizarán distintos ensayos en el laboratorio y se analizarán los resultados obtenidos. En este primer capítulo introductorio se habla de los polímeros, comentando su clasificación y síntesis, también se tratan los bioplásticos y su relevancia actual, se define la ciencia de la tribología y sus aplicaciones y, por último, se presentan los materiales que se van a utilizar en este estudio. Los polímeros son compuestos químicos, naturales o sintéticos formados por la unión repetida de una o varias moléculas unidas mediante enlaces covalentes.Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería IndustrialUniversidad Politécnica de Cartagen

    Postharvest behavior of purple yampee (dioscorea trifida l.f.) tubers and novel food applications

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    [SPA] El ñampín morado es un tubérculo perteneciente a una especie subutilizada de alto valor nutricional y cultural, nativa de Suramérica, que representa una oportunidad estratégica para contribuir a la conservación de la biodiversidad alimentaria y al desarrollo de ingredientes innovadores para la industria y la gastronomía. Esta tesis tuvo como objetivo general evaluar el comportamiento postcosecha y alternativas de consumo de tubérculos de ñampín morado, a través de tres objetivos específicos. En primer lugar, se caracterizó el comportamiento fisiológico y la evolución de fitoquímicos de interés durante el almacenamiento en condiciones controladas, lo que permitió identificar el efecto del almacenamiento sobre la estabilidad de compuestos bioactivos y características específicas del tubérculo asociadas a la pérdida de calidad postcosecha. En segundo lugar, se evaluó el efecto de tratamientos postcosecha de bajo costo ¿como agua caliente, recubrimientos naturales y refrigeración¿ sobre la evolución de rasgos físicos y funcionales del ñampín, observando respuestas específicas según la tecnología aplicada. Finalmente, se determinaron condiciones de elaboración, características físicas y contenido de antioxidantes en snacks de ñampín morado, así como se evaluó la composición de los subproductos obtenidos durante la elaboración de harinas o almidones del tubérculo; adicionalmente se realizó un análisis cualitativo sobre su conocimiento, uso tradicional y potencial gastronómico contemporáneo. Los resultados permiten proponer un modelo integral de valorización de especies locales, que articula la ciencia aplicada, la innovación agroalimentaria y el rescate cultural, como vía para reducir pérdidas postcosecha, fomentar estrategias diversas de aprovechamiento integral y promover sistemas alimentarios sostenibles.[ENG] Purple yampee is a tuber from an underutilized species native to South America, with high nutritional and cultural value, representing a strategic opportunity to support the conservation of food biodiversity and the development of innovative ingredients for gastronomy and the food industry. This doctoral thesis aimed to assess the postharvest behavior of purple ñampín tubers and explore new consumption alternatives through three specific objectives. First, the physiological behavior and evolution of relevant phytochemicals during storage under controlled conditions were characterized, which made it possible to identify the effect of storage on the stability of bioactive compounds and specific traits associated with postharvest quality loss. Second, the effect of low-cost postharvest treatments¿such as hot water immersion, natural coatings, and refrigeration¿on the evolution of physical and functional traits were assessed, showing specific responses depending on the applied technology. Finally, processing conditions, physical characteristics, and antioxidant content in purple yampee snacks were determined; additionally, the composition of by-products from flour or starch production was evaluated. A qualitative analysis was also conducted on traditional knowledge, cultural use, and contemporary gastronomic potential. The results support an integrated model for the valorization of local species, combining applied science, food innovation, and cultural recovery as a strategy to reduce postharvest losses, foster diverse strategies for integral utilization, and promote sustainable food systems.Escuela Internacional de DoctoradoUniversidad Politécnica de CartagenaTécnicas Avanzadas en Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentari

    Más sobre listas y diccionarios

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    Unidad que profundiza en la manipulación de listas y diccionarios en Python. Presenta cortes (slices), operaciones básicas y copias de listas, e itera sobre diccionarios (claves, valores y pares). Incluye comprensiones para construir listas y diccionarios de forma concisa. El contenido se apoya principalmente en videos breves con introducciones textuales que contextualizan cada tema

    El «Cine Victoria» de Balsapintada (1955-1973): Un espacio ejemplar de sociabilidad en el medio rural del Campo de Cartagena

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    [SPA] Frecuentemente, la historia del cine se ha centrado en el estudio y narración de su desarrollo, su evolución técnico-artística y su contexto social, cultural y económico. Los espacios físicos que hicieron posible su existencia han quedado, de este modo, repetidamente olvidados, o en el mejor de los casos, relegados a un segundo plano, salvo en valiosas ocasiones. Este trabajo persigue redescubrir la historia global del «Cine Victoria», un establecimiento construido en la localidad de Balsapintada (Fuente Álamo de Murcia) a mediados del siglo XX y cuya existencia como espacio social ubicado en el medio rural tuvo una gran relevancia para quienes disfrutaron de sus proyecciones mientras estuvo en activo, así como también de las actividades ocio-culturales que tuvieron lugar en sus instalaciones, algunas incluso tras finalizar su uso comercial como sala de cine en 1973. La revisión de documentación histórica, una parte importante original, y la realización de entrevistas a fuentes primarias, ha permitido documentar su origen en 1955 y reconstruir tanto su historia como el impacto socio-antropológico en la población local y foránea que lo visitó. Una obra proyectada por el arquitecto Víctor Bernal Beltrí y en cuyo interior, además del visionado de películas españolas y extranjeras, tuvieron lugar bailes, fiestas de disfraces, obras de teatro e incluso mítines políticos. Un lugar, hoy desaparecido, que fue escenario de encuentros, cuna de lazos familiares y sociales, espacio de unidad vecinal, y, sobre todo, artífice de recuerdos imborrables para la memoria de cientos de personas. [ENG] Often, the history of cinema has focused on the study and narration of its development, its technical and artistic evolution, and its social, cultural, and economic context. The physical spaces that made its existence possible have, in this way, been repeatedly forgotten or, at best, relegated to the background, except on rare and valuable occasions. This work therefore seeks to rediscover the full history of the “Cine Victoria”, a venue built in the village of Balsapintada (Fuente Álamo de Murcia) in the mid-20th century, whose role as a social space in a rural setting was of great significance to those who enjoyed its screenings during its active years, as well as the leisure and cultural activities held within its walls, some even after it ceased operating as a commercial cinema in 1973. The review of historical documentation -much of it original- together with interviews with primary sources, has made it possible to document the origins of this cinema in 1955 and to reconstruct both its history and its socio-anthropological impact on the local population and visitors from further afield. Designed by the architect Víctor Bernal Beltrí, the venue not only hosted screenings of Spanish and foreign films, but also dances, fancy-dress parties, theatre plays, and even political rallies. A place now gone, that was once a stage for encounters, a cradle of family and social bonds, a space of neighbourhood unity and, above all, a creator of indelible memories in the minds of hundreds of people

    Sociedad de Fomento y Cultura Minerva, Alumbres (Cartagena)

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    [SPA] La Sociedad de Fomento y Cultura Minerva es una organización social fundada en 1924, que ha vivido cuatro etapas políticas diferentes y la guerra y cuya finalidad fue la de proporcionar al pueblo un lugar de ocio, distracción y cultura, y ha sido el centro aglutinador de la mayoría de la población en sus más de cien años de existencia. Durante la dictadura de Primo de Rivera y la República hasta el final de la guerra, los socios eran mayoritariamente empresarios, comerciantes, pleiteros, maestros, médicos, técnicos y obreros acomodados. Al principio la Sociedad fundó su equipo de fútbol, el Minerva, y sección de música con la que amenizaban los frecuentes bailes que se organizaban. En la dictadura franquista se amplió el abanico social incorporándose obreros en general, especialmente desde la década de 1950, porque allí encontraban amigos, entretenimiento, podían leer la prensa, jugar una partida, etc., y los jóvenes deportistas aspiraban a formar parte del Minerva. Fomentó el juego de salón y el fútbol, y organizó equipos de aficionados, juveniles e infantiles y fundó La Salle Minerva, que respaldó la mayoría del pueblo. En período democrático se organizan charlas, exposiciones, se presentan libros, campeonatos de diferentes juegos, bailes, conciertos, etc. Los objetivos altruistas que me propuse están ligados a mi interés por sacar a la luz el pasado de mi pueblo, Alumbres, en todas las facetas posibles, y ésta una más, para lo que utilicé testimonios orales de personas mayores, y sobre todo, archivos públicos, libros y prensa. [ENG] The Minerva Society for the Promotion and Culture is a social organization founded in 1924. It has survived four different political periods and the war. Its purpose was to provide the people with a place of leisure, recreation, and culture. It has been the unifying center for the majority of the population in its more than one hundred years of existence. During the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera and the Republic until the end of the war, the members were mainly businessmen, merchants, litigants, teachers, doctors, technicians, and well-off workers. Initially, the Society founded its own soccer team, Minerva, and a music section that livened up the frequent dances held there. During the Franco dictatorship, the social spectrum was broadened to include workers in general, especially since the 1950s, because there they could find friends, entertainment, read the newspapers, play a game, etc., and young athletes aspired to join Minerva. He promoted indoor games and soccer, organized amateur, youth, and children's teams, and founded La Salle Minerva, which was supported by the majority of the town. During the democratic period, talks, exhibitions, book launches, championships in various games, dances, concerts, and so on were organized. The altruistic objectives I set for myself are linked to my interest in bringing to light the past of my town, Alumbres, in all possible facets, and this is just one more, for which I used oral testimonies from older people, and above all, public archives, books, and old newspapers

    Lightweight Blockchain for Data Integrity and Traceability in IoT Networks

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    Data integrity and traceability are important challenges to provide security in the Internet of Things (IoT) networks, which are often vulnerable to data manipulation attacks due to their use of low-resource devices and wireless communication technologies. In this regard, blockchain is a promising solution to enhance IoT security, but the implementation of a conventional blockchain requires high computational and network connectivity resources that are not compatible with IoT networks. In this paper, we propose a lightweight blockchain for data integrity and traceability in IoT networks that adapts the Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) feature of blockchain to the LoRaWAN wireless communication protocol. Our proposal offers data integrity without the need for complex consensus algorithms or cryptographic operations. We also have designed and implemented a logical LoRaWAN P2P topology that enables communication between the IoT nodes which comprise LoRaWAN’s characteristic star topology. Finally, we evaluate our proposal and demonstrate its feasibility and performance in terms of data traceability, and network overhead.This work was supported in part by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by FEDER/EU under Grant PID2023-148214OB-C21; in part by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR under Grant TED2021-129336B-I00 and Grant FJC2021-047073-I; in part by MICIU/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union under Grant PCI2024-153485; in part by the PRIMA Programme under Grant Agreement No. 2431 (FUSION: Comprehensive and sustainable solution to minimize food loss and waste and promote food security in the Mediterranean region); in part by the Fundación Séneca under Grant 22236/PDC/23; in part by the ThinkInAzul and AgroAlNext programmes, funded by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU) with funding from European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR-C17.I1 and by Fundación Séneca with funding from Comunidad Autónoma Región de Murcia (CARM); and in part by DAIMon, a cascade funding action deriving from the Horizon Europe Project aerOS funded by European Commission under Grant 101069732

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    Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena is based in Spain
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