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Rheinland-Pfalz-Monitor 2023/2024
Full text linkWie gestaltet sich die politische Kultur in Rheinland-Pfalz aus? Vor dem Hintergrund verschiedener Prägungen der Bundesländer in Deutschland nimmt das Monitoring eine spezielle Vermessung der in Rheinland-Pfalz verbreiteten politischen Einstellungen und Haltungen vor.What is the political culture like in Rhineland-Palatinate? Against the background of the different characteristics of the federal states in Germany, the monitoring is carrying out a special survey of the political attitudes and positions prevalent in Rhineland-Palatinate
Optimierung der Bewirtschaftung der Riveristalsperre und die Aufbereitung des Talsperrenwassers im Wasserwerk Trier-Irsch
Full text linkDie Hauptzielsetzung der vorliegenden Arbeit besteht in der Erarbeitung von Möglichkeiten zur Optimierung der Bewirtschaftung der Riveristalsperre. Dazu werden zunächst alle relevanten Einflussgrößen und Gefahrenpotentiale des Systems aus dem Einzugsgebiet und der Talsperre analysiert und bewertet. Letztlich wird die Konzeption eines integrierten Bewirtschaftungsplanes für die Riveristalsperre auf der Basis einer neuen Pilotierungsanlage im SWT-Wasserwerk in Trier-Irsch dargestellt, diskutiert und auf Funktionsfähigkeit geprüft.
Mit einer aus ca. 90% des Einzugsgebiets bestehenden Waldfläche ist die Hauptsperre der Riveristalsperre durchschnittlich als eindeutig oligotroph eingestuft und das Rohwasser der Riveristalsperre von ausgezeichneter Qualität mit nur wenigen und beherrschbaren Gefahrenpotentialen.
Unter Berücksichtigung der Pilotierungsergebnisse war die In/Out, PES, UF- geeigneter als die Out/In, PVDF-Membran. Die Anordnung der UF-Anlage auf der Rohwasserseite nach der Flockung für die Abtrennung der partikulären Wasserinhaltsstoffe mit einer nachgeschalteten Wasseraufhärtung, pH-Wert-Anhebung und Entmanganung in einer CaCO3-Filterstufe und abschließenden Desinfektion durch eine UV-Bestrahlung stellte sich als ideal für die Aufbereitung des Rohwassers der Riveristalsperre heraus.
Die Ergebnisse der Pilotanlage sind in einer großtechnischen Trinkwasseraufbereitung im Wasserwerk in Trier-Irsch umgesetzt und seit 2013 offiziell in Betrieb genommen.
Abschließend werden Maßnahmen gegen eventuelle Minderwassermengen bei z.B. langanhaltenden Trockenwetterperioden (Klimawandel !) und für die allgemeine Erhöhung der Versorgungssicherheit diskutiert, wobei in Trier und in der Region schon seit langem sehr stark in die Verbundnetzsysteme investiert wird.The main objective of this study is to develop options for optimizing the management of the Riveris dam. To this effect, all relevant influencing variables and hazard potentials of the system from the catchment area as well as the dam are first analyzed and evaluated. Finally, the concept of an integrated management plan for the Riveris dam based on a new pilot plant at the SWT waterworks in Trier-Irsch will be presented, discussed and tested for functionality.
With approx. 90% of the catchment area consisting of forest land, the main reservoir of the Riveris dam is classified as clearly oligotrophic on average and the raw water of the riveris dam is of excellent quality with only few and controllable hazard potentials.
Taking into account the pilot results, the In/Out, PES, UF membrane was more suitable than the Out/In, PVDF membrane. The arrangement of the UF system on the raw water side after flocculation for the separation of the particulate water constituents followed by water hardening, pH value increase and the removal of manganese in a CaCO3 filter stage and final disinfection by UV irradiation proved to be ideal for the treatment of the raw water of the Riveris dam.
The results of the pilot plant have been implemented in a large-scale drinking water treatment plant at the waterworks in Trier-Irsch and officially put into operation in 2013.
Finally, measures against possible water shortages in the event of e.g. long periods of dry weather (climate change!) and for the general increase in supply security are discussed, whereby Trier and the region have been investing heavily in an intergrated network for a long time
Nematode community structure suggests perennial grain cropping cultivation as a nature-based solution for resilient agriculture
Full text linkIntroduction: Conventional agricultural land-use may negatively impact biodiversity and the environment due to the increased disturbances to the soil ecosystem by tillage, for example. Cultivation of the perennial grain intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium, IWG, Kernza®) is a nature-based solution for sustainable agriculture, improving nutrient retention mainly through its extensive root system. Nematodes serve as sensitive bioindicators, detecting early changes in the soil food web, reflecting in changes in their community structure.
Materials and Methods:IWG and annual wheat sites in South France, Belgium and South Sweden were investigated in April 2022 for two depths (5–15 cm; 25–35 cm) to evaluate the difference in nematode community structure among the cropping systems.
Results: Sites with IWG cultivation held an accumulation of structure indicators (c-p 3–5 nematodes) compared to sites with annual wheat cultivation. A generalised linear mixed model revealed significantly more root feeders, especially for the subsoil, under IWG as a result of the perennial cultivation. The maturity index, plant-parasitic index, channel index and structure index were greater for IWG sites. The enrichment index was greater for annual wheat sites due to the dominance of bacterivores and enrichment indicators (c-p 1 nematodes). The nematode community structure (weighted faunal profile analysis) indicates IWG sites as being a generally undisturbed system with efficient nutrient cycling and balanced distribution of feeding types, as well as higher metabolic footprint values for root feeders (including plant-parasitic nematodes) and fungivores. Annual wheat sites, on the other hand, held indicators of a disturbed system with increased occurrence of opportunistic species and a more bacterial driven pathway. The topsoil had an increased occurrence of structure indicators in both cropping systems.
Conclusion: IWG creates favourable conditions for a diverse food web, including improved nutrient cycling and a heterogeneous resource environment, regardless of climatic conditions, establishing it as a stable and resilient agricultural management system
Introducing the trier univalence neutrality ambivalence (TUNA) database: A picture database differentiating complex attitudes
Full text linkUsing validated stimulus material is crucial for ensuring research comparability and replicability. However, many databases rely solely on bidimensional valence ratings, ranging from negative to positive. While this material might be appropriate for certain studies, it does not reflect the complexity of attitudes and therefore might hamper the unambiguous interpretation of some study results. In fact, most databases cannot differentiate between neutral (i.e., neither positive nor negative) and ambivalent (i.e., simultaneously positive and negative) attitudes. Consequently, even presumably univalent (only positive or negative) stimuli cannot be clearly distinguished from ambivalent ones when selected via bipolar rating scales. In the present research, we introduce the Trier Univalence Neutrality Ambivalence (TUNA) database, a database containing 304,262 validation ratings from heterogeneous samples of 3,232 participants and at least 20 (M = 27.3, SD = 4.84) ratings per self-report scale per picture for a variety of attitude objects on split semantic differential scales. As these scales measure positive and negative evaluations independently, the TUNA database allows to distinguish univalence, neutrality, and ambivalence (i.e., potential ambivalence). TUNA also goes beyond previous databases by validating the stimulus materials on affective outcomes such as experiences of conflict (i.e., felt ambivalence), arousal, anger, disgust, and empathy. The TUNA database consists of 796 pictures and is compatible with other popular databases. It sets a focus on food pictures in various forms (e.g., raw vs. cooked, non-processed vs. highly processed), but includes pictures of other objects that are typically used in research to study univalent (e.g., flowers) and ambivalent (e.g., money, cars) attitudes for comparison. Furthermore, to facilitate the stimulus selection the TUNA database has an accompanying desktop app that allows easy stimulus selection via a ultitude of filter options
Mindfully missing myself: Induced mindfulness causes alienation among poor self-regulators
Full text linkMindfulness is a popular technique that helps people to get closer to their self. However, recent findings indicate that mindfulness may not benefit everybody. In the present research, we hypothesized that mindfulness promotes alienation from the self among individuals with low abilities to self-regulate affect (state-oriented individuals) but not among individuals with high abilities to self-regulate affect (action-oriented individuals). In two studies with participants who were mostly naïve to mindfulness practices (70% indicated no experience; N1 = 126, 42 men, 84 women, 0 diverse, aged 17–86 years, Mage = 31.87; N2 = 108, 30 men, 75 women, 3 diverse, aged 17–69 years, Mage = 28.00), we tested a mindfulness group (five-minute mindfulness exercise) against a control group (five-minute text reading). We operationalized alienation as lower consistency in repeated preference judgments and a lower tendency to adopt intrinsic over extrinsic goal recommendations. Results showed that, among state-oriented participants, mindfulness led to significantly lower consistency of preference judgments (Study 1) and lower adoption of intrinsic over extrinsic goals (Study 2) compared to text reading. The alienating effect was absent among action-oriented participants. Thus, mindfulness practice may alienate psychologically vulnerable people from their self and hamper access to preferences and intrinsic goals. We discuss our findings within Personality-Systems-Interactions (PSI) theory
