Technische Hochschule Würzburg-Schweinfurt Publikationsserver OPUS
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Die Bedeutung der Abwesenheit der Verachtung für berufliches Handeln
No full textDer Beitrag problematisiert Verachtung als Gefühl beziehungsweise als Gefühlsdisposition von beruflich Handelnden. An einem Beispiel werden schädliche Folgewirkungen von verachtenden Gefühlsdispositionen im beruflichen Handeln gezeigt. Die Bedeutung der Achtung als Haltung für berufliches Handeln wird also vor dem Hintergrund dieses Negativbeispiels herausgearbeitet
Technostress and time spent online - A cross-cultural comparison for teachers and students
No full textIntroduction
Research shows that ICT is beneficial for academics and students, aiding in overcoming distance barriers, streamlining administration, and improving teaching and learning processes. However, the negative impact of technology, particularly technostress, are garnering attention. In the context of the concerns about technostress among higher education institutions (HEI), the aim of the study is to analyze the technostress creators and inhibitors for university teachers and students in different European countries. The topical concept of digital well-being is seen as “a subjective individual experience of optimal balance between the benefits and drawbacks obtained from mobile connectivity, focusing on the personal perception of what amount of time spent using technology is optimal so that well-being is preserved”.
Method
To explore specific aspects related to use of technology, two – parallel online surveys for academics (N = 446) and students (N = 660) from four European countries (Romania, Germany, Norway, and Finland) were conducted between November 2022 – January 2023. The surveys included the Technostress scale and the Technostress Inhibitors Scale, the Technology self-efficacy Scale, and a questionnaire focusing on socio-demographic aspects, work experience, academic field, dimensions related to the actual use of technology and participants perception on the optimal use of technology for work, learning or personal tasks, in terms of the period of day/week and amount of time spent. We also inquired about the social support given and received when using technology and the formal and informal rules, expectations, policies, punishments, and rewards regarding the use of technology.
Results
The findings suggest that the perceived optimal use of technology is significantly lower than the actual use for all the contexts. Overuse of technology was associated with technostress. Our results also showed that technology self-efficacy and social support from colleagues and teachers are negatively associated with technostress. Country differences regarding technostress and time spent online were also observed.
Discussions
Despite the needed caution in interpreting the results because of the unbalanced sample size across countries, the results could be used to develop research and support interventions within European countries to promote digital well-being, a better work-life balance with further positive effects on academic satisfaction and work/learning productivity
Pixelwise high-temperature calibration for in-situ temperature measuring in powder bed fusion of metal with laser beam
No full textHigh-temperature calibration methods in additive manufacturing involve the use of advanced techniques to accurately measure and control the temperature of the build material during the additive manufacturing process. Infrared cameras, blackbody radiation sources and non-linear optimization algorithms are used to correlate the temperature of the material with its emitted thermal radiation. This is essential for ensuring the quality and repeatability of the final product. This paper presents the calibration procedure of an imaging system for in-situ measurement of absolute temperatures and temperature gradients during powder bed fusion of metal with laser beam (PBF-LB/M) in the temperature range of 500 K–1500 K. It describes the design of the optical setup to meet specific requirements in this application area as well as the procedure for accounting the various factors influencing the temperature measurement. These include camera-specific effects such as varying spectral sensitivities of the individual pixels of the sensor as well as influences of the exposure time and the exposed sensor area. Furthermore, influences caused by the complex optical path, such as inhomogeneous transmission properties of the galvanometer scanner as well as angle-dependent transmission properties of the f-theta lens were considered. A two-step fitting algorithm based on Planck's law of radiation was applied to best represent the correlation. With the presented procedure the calibrated thermography system provides the ability to measure absolute temperatures under real process conditions with high accuracy
Remote sensing monitoring of changes in forest cover in the Volyn region
No full textThis article highlights the significance of forest cover as an important indicator of the state of the environment. It discusses the findings of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) 2020 report, which states that the world's forest area has decreased by 178 million hectares since 1990. The case study of Volyn region shows how cloud processing and vegetation classification can help quantify forest dynamics from 2000 to 2020, allowing local authorities and decision makers to monitor and analyze trends in near real time. Overall, this work provides insights into the importance of monitoring forest dynamics and the potential for remote sensing technology to facilitate this proces
Strategies for decarbonizing European district heating
Get PDFDecarbonizing the EU’s district heating is crucial for meeting climate goals and securing a sustainable energy future. Currently, district heating suffers from inefficiency, high operating temperatures, significant distribution losses, and reliance on fossil fuels. Literature highlights strategies for reducing emissions, including integrating low-carbon heat sources, lowering supply temperatures, and employing efficient technologies like heat pumps and combined heat and power (CHP). However, the individual effectiveness of these strategies in reducing emissions within existing networks remains unassessed. This study addresses the gap by applying a comprehensive model that evaluates energy and emissions across the district heating supply chain, coupled with a derivative-based sensitivity analysis. We apply this methodology to the national-level district heating systems of Sweden, France, Germany, and Poland. Results indicate that the impact of decarbonization strategies on district heating emissions varies significantly by the system’s characteristics, i.e., the energy mix in power and district heating supply and the presence of CHP plants. Primarily, incorporating more low-carbon heat sources emerges as the most effective method for emission reduction across nearly all examined countries. A 1 % increase in the share of low-carbon heat sources can potentially cut emissions by 0.8–1.3 kg CO2e per GJ of heat. In countries like Sweden and France, where the power generation already relies heavily on low-carbon resources, technologies which convert electricity to heat—such as heat pumps and electric boilers—rank as the second most effective approach. In contrast, for countries like Germany and Poland, with their moderate to low use of low-carbon power, reducing distribution losses and decreasing heat demand prove more effective, with emission reductions ranging between 0.8-1.3 and 0.7–1.2 kg CO2e per GJ in these countries, respectively. Additionally, cutting down power generation in fossil fuel-based CHP plants significantly reduces emissions in these regions. While green hydrogen and carbon capture and storage (CCS) also contribute to emission reductions, a 1 % increase in green hydrogen’s share might decrease emissions by just 0.3–0.5 kg CO2e per GJ of heat, highlighting their lower effectiveness compared to the aforementioned strategies. These insights hold value for both district heating operators and for technology suppliers seeking decarbonization pathways. This is also true for policy- makers focused on climate change mitigation, guiding the distribution of subsidies and R&D investments
Arm und krank? Sozialbedingte gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten bei Studierenden
Get PDFHintergrund
Geringe finanzielle Mittel bzw. ein niedriger sozioökonomischer Status stehen in der Allgemeinbevölkerung mit einer höheren Morbidität und Mortalität in Zusammenhang. Studierende verfügen i. Allg. über geringe finanzielle Mittel und neigen im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung zu einer schlechteren Einschätzung ihrer Gesundheit; zudem zeigen sie häufig gesundheitsrelevante Risikoverhaltensweisen.
Ziel
Es sollen mögliche Zusammenhänge zwischen sozioökonomischen Variablen und der Gesundheit sowie dem Gesundheitsverhalten Studierender an der Technischen Hochschule Würzburg-Schweinfurt (THWS) beschrieben werden, um hieraus Schlussfolgerungen für das studentische Gesundheitsmanagement zu ziehen.
Methode
In Form einer querschnittlichen Online-Fragebogenstudie, wurden Studierende der Technischen Hochschule Würzburg-Schweinfurt (N = 238) zu Gesundheit, Gesundheitsverhalten und sozioökonomischer Situation befragt. Die Auswertung erfolgte über deskriptive Statistiken und Regressionsanalysen.
Ergebnisse
Es konnten sowohl positive wie auch negative Zusammenhänge zwischen sozioökonomischen Variablen und der subjektiven Gesundheit sowie gesundheitsrelevanten Risikoverhaltensweisen ermittelt werden.
Schlussfolgerung
Es ist von sozialbedingten gesundheitlichen Ungleichheiten unter den befragten Studierenden auszugehen. Insbesondere verschuldete Studierende, Studierende, die ihr Einkommen als unzureichend wahrnehmen und Studierende mit niedrigem subjektiven Sozialstatus sollten als potenzielle Risikogruppen über das Studentische Gesundheitsmanagement (SGM) gezielt adressiert werden