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Development and preliminary validation of a prediction formula of sodium and sodium-to-potassium ratio based on multiple regression using 24-h urines
No full textAccurate measurement of sodium intake in the diet is challenging, and epidemiological studies can be hampered by the attenuation of associations due to measurement error in sodium intake. A prediction formula for habitual 24-h urine sodium excretion and sodium-to-potassium ratio might lead to more reliable conclusions. Five 24-h urinary samples and two Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQs) were conducted among 244 Japanese participants aged 35-80 years. We conducted multivariate linear regression analysis with urinary excretion as dependent variables and eating behaviour and food frequency as independent variables. Empirical weights of sodium excretion and sodium-to-potassium ratio were extracted. Preliminary validity was also assessed by randomly dividing the subjects into development and validation groups based on the correlation coefficient between estimates by the prediction formula and urinary excretion. Taste preference, soy sauce use at the table, frequency of pickled vegetables intake and number of bowls of miso soup were extracted as determinants of sodium excretion. Correlation coefficients between the estimates and urinary excretion for men and women were 0.42 and 0.43, respectively, for sodium and 0.49 and 0.50, respectively, for sodium-to-potassium ratio. This prediction formula may provide more accurate estimation of sodium intake and sodium-to-potassium ratio than the food composition approach.journal articl
Development and validation of the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale for Japanese elite athletes
No full textIntroduction: Japanese elite athletes were affected by the spread of COVID-19 infection. Four years after the pandemic, COVID-19 is still spreading and subsiding, and it is expected that some athletes are still concerned about COVID-19. Therefore, we developed the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale for Elite Athletes (CAS-EA) to measure COVID-19 anxiety among Japanese elite athletes and to examine its reliability and validity. Method: This is an observational cross-sectional study. In study 1, a 35-item anxiety questionnaire about COVID-19 was administered to 100 elite athletes on 8/18-9/1/2020. In study 2, 296 elite athletes were asked to respond to the CAS-EA, the Japanese version of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Japanese version of the Fear of Coronavirus Virus Scale (FCV-19S) from 8/31-11/8/2022. Results: In study 1, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted to create CAS-EA, which consisted of 19 items with four factors: Restrictions, Sport, Practice and Athlete value. The reliability of the scales was examined, confirming a certain internal consistency. In addition, study 2 showed significant positive correlations with CAS-EA and related scales. In the COVID-19 disaster, psychological stress was more strongly associated with A-trait than physical stress, a result that could be explained by Spielberger’s Trait-state anxiety theory. Furthermore, CAS-EA scores were significantly higher for female than for male, which was consistent with the results of previous studies. Conclusion: An attempt was made to create a scale to measure anxiety about COVID-19 in Japanese elite athletes, and a 4-factor, 19-item CAS-EA was created. The reliability and validity of the scale were tested and confirmed successfully.journal articl
Double-Layered Perovskite Oxyfluoride Cathodes with High Capacity Involving O–O Bond Formation for Fluoride-Ion Batteries
No full textDeveloping electrochemical high-energy storage systems is of crucial importance toward a green and sustainable energy supply. A promising candidate is fluoride-ion batteries (FIBs), which can deliver a much higher volumetric energy density than lithium-ion batteries. However, typical metal fluoride cathodes with conversion-type reactions cause a low-rate capability. Recently, layered perovskite oxides and oxyfluorides, such as LaSrMnO4 and Sr3Fe2O5F2, have been reported to exhibit relatively high rate performance and cycle stability compared to typical metal fluoride cathodes with conversion-type reactions, but their discharge capacities (∼118 mA h/g) are lower than those of typical cathodes used in lithium-ion batteries. Here, we show that double-layered perovskite oxyfluoride La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7−δF2 exhibits (de) intercalation of two fluoride ions to rock-salt slabs and further (de) intercalation of excess fluoride ions to the perovskite layer, leading to a reversible capacity of 200 mA h/g. The additional fluoride-ion intercalation leads to the formation of O–O bond in the structure for charge compensation (i.e., anion redox). These results highlight the layered perovskite oxyfluorides as a new class of active materials for the construction of high-performance FIBs.journal articl
Women Approach Cute Objects but Avoid Cute Adult Female Faces: Verification of Correlation between Body Sway and Cuteness Rating
No full textPerceived cuteness motivates people to approach cute objects, but no evidence exists of unconscious approach behavior toward objects. Given the unconscious responses associated with cuteness perception, an unconscious drive to physically approach cute objects is likely to occur. However, approach behavior may or may not occur depending on whether or not the perceived cute object is an adult, a baby, or a non-human. In this study, we recruited 24 participants and conducted a correlation study between cuteness ratings and body sway to examine whether or not the approach response is dependent on perceived cuteness. Results showed that the approach or avoidance response to cute objects was observed only in women. For babies, the approach response occurred regardless of the degree of cuteness, but for adult female faces, the cuter the face, the more the avoidance response occurred. For non-human images, the cuter the image, the more the approach response occurred only in early period of observation time. These results suggest that cuteness perception controls physical distance differently depending on the target of evaluation.journal articl
The eROSITA view of the Abell 3391/95 field
No full textContext. About 30% – 40% of the baryons in the local Universe remain unobserved. Many of these "missing" baryons are expected to reside in the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) of the cosmic web filaments that connect clusters of galaxies. SRG/eROSITA performance verification (PV) observations covered about 15 square degrees of the A3391/95 system and have revealed a ~15 Mpc continuous soft emission connecting several galaxy groups and clusters.
Aims. We aim to characterize the gas properties in the cluster outskirts (R500 R200) and to compare them to predictions.
Methods. We performed X-ray image and spectral analyses using the eROSITA PV data in order to assess the gas morphology and properties in the outskirts and the filaments in the directions of the previously detected Northern and Southern Filament of the A3391/95 system. We constructed surface brightness profiles using particle-induced background-subtracted, exposure- and Galactic absorption-corrected eROSITA products in the soft band (0.3–2.0 keV). We constrained the temperatures, metallicities, and electron densities through X-ray spectral fitting and compared them with the expected properties of the WHIM. We took particular care of the foreground.
Results. In the filament-facing outskirts of A3391 and the Northern Clump, we find higher temperatures than typical cluster outskirts profiles, with a significance of between 1.6 and 2.8σ, suggesting heating due to their connections with the filaments. We confirm surface brightness excess in the profiles of the Northern, Eastern, and Southern Filaments. From spectral analysis, we detect hot gas of 0.96−0.14+0.17 keV and 1.09−0.06+0.09 for the Northern and Southern Filament, respectively, which are close to the upper WHIM temperature limit. The filament metallicities are below 10% solar metallicity and the electron densities are ranging between 2.6 and 6.3 × 10−5 cm−3. The characteristic properties of the Little Southern Clump (LSC), which is located at a distance of ~1.5R200 from A3395S in the Southern Filament, suggest that it is a small galaxy group. Excluding the LSC from the analysis of the Southern Filament does not significantly change the temperature or metallicity of the gas, but it decreases the gas density by 30%. This shows the importance of taking into account any clumps in order to avoid overestimation of the gas measurement in the outskirts and filament regions.
Conclusions. We present measurements of morphology, temperature, metallicity, and density of individual warm-hot filaments. The electron densities of the filaments are consistent with the WHIM properties as predicted by cosmological simulations, but the temperatures are higher. As both filaments are short (1.8 and 2.7 Mpc) and located in a denser environment, stronger gravitational heating may be responsible for this temperature enhancement. The metallicities are low, but still within the expected range from the simulations.journal articl
Substituted effects on bonding characteristics of cyclopentane‐1,3‐diyl diradicals monitored by time‐resolved infrared spectroscopy
No full textCyclopentane‐1,3‐diyl diradicals (DRs) provide excellent opportunities to study the properties of diradicals because their lifetimes can be significantly lengthened to up to milliseconds with the introduction of proper substituents. This study investigated the bonding characteristics of singlet and triplet DRs having C=O and p‐cyanophenyl groups (S‐DR3 and T‐DR3) by monitoring the photo‐induced formation of the diradicals from their precursor azo compounds using time‐resolved IR (TR‐IR) spectroscopy. Upon the formation of S‐DR3, a C=O stretching wavenumber was upshifted by 22 cm−1, whereas a C≡N stretching one was downshifted by 12 cm−1. The observed shifts indicate that the unpaired electrons increase and decrease the C=O and C≡N bond orders, respectively. The effects of the unpaired electrons in S‐DR3 were similar to those observed in our previous TR‐IR studies on a singlet cyclopentane‐1,3‐diyl diradical having C=O but no C≡N groups (S‐DR2) and on that having C≡N but no C=O groups (S‐DR1), respectively. Contrastingly, upon the formation of T‐DR3, the C=O wavenumber was downshifted by 16 cm−1, indicating that the unpaired electrons decrease the C=O bond order. More notably, no detectable shifts were observed in the C≡N stretching wavenumber. These observations are not clearly explained by a model suggested in the previous studies on S‐DRs. Here, we discuss and propose a more elaborated resonance hybrid of DRs that can explain the directions and relative magnitudes of the observed wavenumber shifts irrespective of spin multiplicities. We expect that the findings and suggestions presented here will stimulate research in both organic and theoretical chemistry.
Bonding properties of singlet and triplet cyclopentane‐1,3‐diyl diradicals (DRs) having C=O and C≡N groups (S‐DR3 and T‐DR3) were investigated by time‐resolved IR spectroscopy. The C=O and C≡N wavenumber shifts observed upon the formation of S‐DR3 and T‐DR3 were both quite different from each other, indicating that the effects of the unpaired electrons to the C=O and C≡N bond properties in DR3 strongly depend on its spin multiplicity. The observed difference was discussed based on a resonance hybrid of DRs.journal articl
NAIST Simultaneous Interpretation Corpus: Development and Analyses of Data from Interpreters of Different Levels
No full textAbstract
This paper describes the development of a large-scale English-Japanese simultaneous interpretation corpus named NAIST-SIC and presents analyses of it. We collected the recordings of simultaneous interpreting sentences (SIsent). To understand the characteristics of simultaneous interpreting by human simultaneous interpreters (SIers), we analyzed a subset of this corpus. Samples of speech were interpreted by three SIers having different levels of experience and can be used to compare SIsent attributes in terms of the SIers’ experience. Using this corpus subset, we analyzed the differences in latency, quality, and word order. The results show that (1) SIers with more experience tended to generate a higher quality of SIsent, and (2) they better controlled the latency and quality. We also observed that (3) a large latency degraded the SIsent quality.journal articl
災害後の犯罪発生メカニズムと効果的な防犯:阪神・淡路大震災,東日本大震災,そして熊本地震の調査を振り返って
Get PDF奈良女子大学心理臨床研究 第11号 研究論文大規模災害後に被災地で起きる犯罪は被災者に二重の苦しみを与える。被災者のストレスを軽減するためにも,災害後に起きる犯罪発生のメカニズムを解明し,犯罪を少しでも減少させることが必要である。しかし,災害と犯罪の関係についての研究の蓄積は少なく,まだよくわかっていないことが多い。著者はこれまで災害と犯罪の研究にかかわってきた。それら研究のうち,阪神・淡路大震災,東日本大震災,そして熊本地震で行った調査から,犯罪発生のメカニズムと効果的な防犯について整理・検討し,今後の課題について示した。departmental bulletin pape
