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【内容の要旨及び審査の結果の要旨】Seasonal sex ratio variation and sex determination mechanism in the rhizocephalan Peltogasterella gracilis
Get PDF奈良女子大学博士（理学）doctoral thesi
【博士論文本文の要約】Seasonal sex ratio variation and sex determination mechanism in the rhizocephalan Peltogasterella gracilis
Get PDF奈良女子大学博士（理学）doctoral thesi
幼児を対象とした棒回転課題の測定環境
Get PDFThe bar-rotation task is a motor task in which the subject grips a bar with one hand and rotates it clockwise (right-hand grasp) or anti-clockwise (left-hand grasp). As the range of motion of the forearm is limited, subjects need to change their grip on the bar at the appropriate angle to release the twisting of the forearm. In this study, 32 five-year-old children (12 boys and 20 girls) were measured in a condition where the number of stops was not specified (free condition). Children who successfully performed used the ESC strategy as well as the condition specifying the number of stops (prescribed condition). Subject children with unstable executionrotated the bar excessively beyond the physical limitation of 90-135 degrees (225-270 degrees when rotating left). The prescriptive condition can measure the acquisition of the basic skills required to perform the bar-rotation task, while the free condition can measure the consolidation and application of those basic skills. The formation of body representations can be inferred by observing the performance of the same target child in both conditions together.本研究は科研費（20K03415）の助成を受けた．
本稿の内容の一部は日本保育学会第75 回大会（2022 年5 月）において報告した．departmental bulletin pape
Cd^2+ -Selective Fluorescence Enhancement of Bisquinoline Derivatives with 2-Aminoethanol Skeleton
No full textThe development of fluorescent Cd^2+ sensors requires strict selectivity over Zn^2+ because of the high availability of Zn^2+ in the natural environment. In this paper, bisquinoline-based fluorescent sensors with a 2-aminoethanol backbone were investigated. The weak coordination ability of quinoline compared to well-studied pyridine is suitable for Cd^2+ selectivity rather than Zn^2+. In the presence of 3 equiv. of metal ions, TriMeO-N,O-BQMAE (N,O-bis(5,6,7-trimethoxy-2-quinolylmethyl)-2-methylaminoethanol (3)), as well as its N,N-isomer TriMeO-N,N-BQMAE (N,N-bis(5,6,7-trimethoxy-2-quinolylmethyl)-2-methoxyethylamine (6)), exhibits Cd2+-selective fluorescence enhancement over Zn^2+ in DMF-HEPES buffer (1:1, 50 mM HEPES, 0.1 M KCl, pH = 7.5) (I_Zn/I_Cd = 26-34%), which has similar selectivity in comparison to the corresponding ethylenediamine derivative TriMeOBQDMEN (N,N'-bis(5,6,7-trimethoxy-2-quinolylmethyl)-N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine) under the same experimental condition (I_Zn/I_Cd = 24%). The fluorescence mechanisms of N,O- and N,N-isomers of BQMAE are quite different, judging from the fluorescence lifetimes of their metal complexes. The Cd^2+ complex with TriMeO-N,O-BQMAE (3) exhibits a long fluorescence lifetime similar to that of TriMeOBQDMEN via intramolecular excimer emission, whereas the Cd^2+ complex with TriMeO-N,N-BQMAE (6) exhibits a short lifetime from monomer emission.journal articl
3山得点付きニムの利得関数
No full text2 人で行う石取りゲームである得点付きニムは，石を 1 個取ると 1 点，最後の石を取るとさらに N点が得られるゲームである．このゲームで双方のプレイヤーが最善を尽くすときの利得を N についての関数とみなすと，石の山が 3 つ以上であるときにはこの関数が複雑に増減を繰り返す面白い性質を持つことを示し，この利得関数の分析による得点付きニムの戦略の考察を行う．Scoring Nim, a two-player stone-taking game, awards 1 point for each stone taken and an additional N points for taking the last stone. When both players play optimally, this paper shows that the payoff function, when considered as a function of N, exhibits an interesting property where it repeatedly fluctuates in case with there are three or more piles of stones. This paper examines the strategy of Scoring Nim through an analysis of this payoff function.journal articl
Escherichia coli persisters in biofilm can perform horizontal gene transfer by transformation
No full textPersisters represent a subset of cells that exhibit transient tolerance to antimicrobials. These persisters can withstand sudden exposure to antimicrobials, even as the majority of normal cells perish. In this study, we have demonstrated the capacity of ampicillin-tolerant and alkali-tolerant persisters to execute horizontal gene transfer via in situ transformation within biofilms. Air–solid biofilms, comprising two Escherichia coli populations each with a distinct plasmid, were formed on agar media. They were treated with lethal doses of ampicillin or NaOH for 24 h, followed by a 1-min glass-ball roll. This process led to a high frequency of horizontal plasmid transfer (10−7–10−6 per cell) from dead cells to surviving persisters within the biofilms. Plasmid transfer was DNase-sensitive and also occurred by adding purified plasmid DNA to plasmid-free biofilms, demonstrating a transformation mechanism. This marks the first evidence of persisters’ novel ability for horizontal gene transfer, via transformation.journal articl
Thermodynamics Underpinning the Microbial Community-Level Nitrogen Networks
No full textNitrogen species often serve as crucial electron donors or acceptors in microbial catabolism, enabling the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Although theoretically any nitrogen redox reactions could be an energy source, it remains unclear why specific reactions are predominantly utilized. This study evaluates energetically superior reactions from 988 theoretically plausible combinations involving 11 nitrogen species, oxygen gas, hydrogen ion, and water. Our analysis of the similarity between this model-based energetically superior network and the actual microbial community-level nitrogen network, reconstructed as a combination of enzymatic reactions, showed increased link overlap rates with thermodynamic weighting on reaction rates. In particular, existing microbial reactions involving solely nitrogen species and additionally oxygen, such as anaerobic ammonia oxidation (ANAMMOX) and complete and partial nitrification, were frequently identified as energetically superior among the examined reactions. The alignment of these reactions with thermodynamically favorable outcomes underscores the critical role of thermodynamics not only in individual metabolic processes but also in shaping the broader network interactions within ecosystems, consequently affecting biodiversity and ecological functions.journal articl