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    Elite darts performance and the social influence of real crowds and simulated crowd noise

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    While the effect of missing audiences has been studied numerously in team sports with diverse effects, studies on individual performances are rare. The current investigation analyzes performances of professional dart players in (a) the absence of spectators, (b) the presence of real crowds, and (c) artificial crowd noise (simulated crowds) substituting live spectators during the COVID-19 pandemic. Empirical evidence suggests that performances in coordination-based accuracy tasks are negatively impacted by the presence of others. Therefore, we hypothesize that performance of elite darts players deteriorates in the presence of a real audience (RA) in comparison to no audience (NA) and simulated audience (SA). https://dartsorakel.com provided the data of professional tournaments played from 2018 to 2021, which included N = 26,724 individual performances from k = 442 players (98.8% male). How RA and SA impacted checkout percentage (CP) and three-dart average (3DA) was analyzed using separate multilevel models, adding various control variables. Competing with audiences (SA and RA) resulted in decreased CP with an effect of βstand_real = − .20, p < .001, and βstand_sim = − .14, p < .001. 3DA increased with SA, βstand_sim = .08, p < .001, and decreased with RA, βstand_sim = − .07, p < .001. The results show that real crowds appear to have a negative impact on darts performance, yet effect sizes are small

    Elterliche Nachfrage und Ablehnung von Grundschulen in Berlin:Eine Schulwahluntersuchung anhand amtlicher Daten

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    Die Dissertationsschrift untersucht elterliches Schulwahlverhalten bei der Wahl einer Grundschule in Berlin. Zu dem Zweck werden drei Indikatoren der schulspezifischen Nachfrage sowie ein Ablehnungsindikator regressionsanalytisch (GLM/GLMM) auf Zusammenhänge mit Merkmalen der Schulen sowie ihrer Nachbarschaften hin untersucht. Genutzt werden dafür sowohl sieben Schuljahre umfassende Paneldaten für einen Bezirk (2012/13 – 2018/19) sowie Querschnittdaten, die drei Bezirke abdecken (2018/19). Die Ergebnisse weisen auf die Bedeutung von Merkmalen der Schülerkomposition und insbesondere der Fehlzeiten der Schüler:innen für sowohl die Nachfrage als auch Ablehnung durch Eltern hin sowie auf die lohnenswerte Differenzierung zwischen Nachfrage und Ablehnung. Ebenso wird deutlich, dass aus Befunden, die Unterschiede zwischen Schulen erklären können, nicht voreilig auf Entwicklungen im Zeitverlauf geschlossen werden sollte.The dissertation examines parental school choice behavior when choosing an elementary school in Berlin. For this purpose, three indicators of school-specific demand and a rejection indicator are analyzed for relationships with characteristics of the schools and their neighborhoods using regression analysis (GLM/GLMM). Both panel data covering seven school years for one district (2012/13 - 2018/19) and cross-sectional data covering three districts (2018/19) were used. The results point to the importance of student composition characteristics and, in particular, student absenteeism for both demand and rejection by parents, as well as the worthwhile differentiation between demand and rejection. Furthermore, it is shown that findings that can explain differences between schools should not be used to draw hasty conclusions about developments over time

    Erratum to: Classifying maps into uniform tracial sequence algebras

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    We correct an argument in the original paper

    Evaluation of Proenkephalin A 119–159 for liberation from renal replacement therapy: an external, multicenter pilot study in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury

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    Introduction: Recent evidence suggests an association of plasma Proenkephalin A 119–159 (penKid) with early and successful liberation from continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. However, these exploratory results are derived from a monocentric trial and therefore require external validation in a multicenter cohort. Methods: Data and plasma samples from the “Effect of Regional Citrate Anticoagulation versus Systemic Heparin Anticoagulation During Continuous Kidney Replacement Therapy on Dialysis Filter Life Span and Mortality Among Critically Ill Patients With Acute Kidney Injury—A Randomized Clinical Trial” (RICH Trial) were used for this validation study. PenKid was measured in all plasma samples available at CRRT initiation and at day 3 of CRRT. Patients were categorized into low and high penKid groups with a cutoff at 100 pmol/l. Competing-risk time-to-event analyses were performed. Competing risk endpoints were successful and unsuccessful liberation from CRRT, the latter meaning death or initiation of a new RRT within one week of discontinuation of primary CRRT. Then penKid was compared to urinary output. Results: Low pre-CRRT penKid levels at CRRT initiation were not associated with early and successful liberation from CRRT compared to patients with high pre-CRRT penKid levels [subdistribution hazard ratio (sHR) 1.01, 95% CI 0.73–1.40, p = 0.945]. However, the landmark analysis on day 3 of ongoing CRRT demonstrated an association between low penKid levels and successful liberation from CRRT (sHR 2.35, 95% CI 1.45–3.81, p  436 ml/d) was even stronger associated with successful liberation (sHR 2.91, 95% CI 1.80–4.73, p < 0.001) compared to penKid. Discussion: This study suggests that penKid may be a competent biomarker to monitor the recovery of kidney function during CRRT. This is in line with previous findings and investigated this concept in a multicenter cohort. Again, low penKid was associated with early and successful CRRT liberation, but was outperformed by high daily urinary output. The findings of this study now warrant further evaluation in prospective studies or a randomized controlled trial. 'Trial registration' The RICH Trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02669589. Registered 01 February 2016

    L-gap surface resonance at Pt(111): Influence of atomic structure, d bands, and spin-orbit interaction

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    Pt(111) hosts a surface resonance with peculiar properties concerning energy vs momentum dispersion and spin texture. At variance with the free-electron-like behavior of the 𝐿-gap Shockley-type surface states on the fcc(111) surfaces of Au, Ag, and Cu, it splits into several branches with distinct spin polarization around the center of the surface Brillouin zone‾Γ. Theoretical predictions based on density-functional theory vary depending on the particular functionals used. To clarify this issue, we investigate the atomic structure of Pt(111) by low-energy electron diffraction and the unoccupied electronic structure by spin- and angle-resolved inverse photoemission. The experimental results are backed by theoretical studies using different functionals, which show that the characteristics of the surface band depend critically on the lattice constant. From the analysis of the energy-dependent low-energy electron diffraction intensities, we derive structural parameters of the Pt(111) surface relaxation with high accuracy. In addition, we give an unambiguous definition of the nonequivalent mirror-plane directions ‾Γ‾M and ‾Γ‾M′ at fcc(111) surfaces, which is consistent with band-structure calculations and inverse-photoemission data. Concerning the surface resonance at the bottom of the 𝐿 gap, we identified a delicate interplay of several contributions. Lattice constant, hybridization with 𝑑 bands, and the influence of spin-orbit interaction are critical ingredients for understanding the peculiar energy dispersion and spin character of the unoccupied surface resonance

    Mathematik – Kunst oder Wissenschaft?:Interview mit Prof. Dr. Matthias Löwe

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    Viele Menschen verbinden mit dem Fach Mathematik – geprägt durch die Schulzeit – nicht nur gute Erinnerungen. Dass die Lehre der Zahlen durchaus faszinierend sein kann, beweist Prof. Dr. Matthias Löwe vom Institut für Mathematische Stochastik der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität (WWU) Münster im Podcast. Im Gespräch vermittelt er, warum Mathematik sogar mit Schönheit zu tun hat: "Beweise zu führen, hat etwas Ästhetisches. Wenn jemand genau die richtigen Argumente findet, um etwas zu erklären, ist das großartig." Auch Philosophie spielt in der Mathematik eine Rolle - wenn es beispielsweise um die Frage geht, ob Mathematik eine Erfindung oder Entdeckung des Menschen ist. Matthias Löwe unterstreicht zudem die Bedeutung und Entwicklung des Exzellenzclusters "Mathematics Münster". "Dieser Forschungsverbund bietet uns tolle Möglichkeiten. Und davon profitieren alle – die Wissenschaftler, die Studierenden und der Mathematik-Standort Münster, der immer attraktiver wird.

    Missed Essex-Lopresti Injury—Development of a Combined Proximal and Distal Radio-Ulnar Joint Prosthesis as a Treatment Option and Proof of Concept

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    Essex-Lopresti injuries are characterized by injuries to the proximal radio-ulnar joint, the distal radio-ulnar joint, and the interosseous membrane. This can lead to osteoarthritis, impaction syndrome, or instability. If all three structures are injured and lead to instability, the situation is almost unmanageable and many times ends in a one-bone forearm. In this article, we demonstrate a new way to reconstruct the proximal and distal radio-ulnar joint with two patient-specific coupled prostheses. These have been developed with the biomechanical conditions of the forearm in mind, where there are very large forces between the bones. As a result, we are able to present a patient previously severely restricted in the use of his hand and arm via a splint that compressed the forearm, who is now able to perform everyday activities and even light sports, such as badminton, without pain

    Trendstudie Jugend in Deutschland:Verantwortung für die Zukunft? Ja, aber

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    Die Trendstudie "Jugend in Deutschland 2024: Verantwortung für die Zukunft? Ja, aber" präsentiert Einstellungen, Trends und Perspektiven der 14- bis 29-Jährigen (auch Generation Z genannt) in Deutschland. Diese renommierte Jugendstudie bietet die Grundlage, um zu verstehen, wie junge Menschen entsprechend ihrer Lebenssituation ticken und wie sie für die Übernahme von Verantwortung begeistert werden können – in Bildung, Beruf und Gesellschaft. Ergänzend zu Themen wie Werte, Sorgen oder Zufriedenheit greift die Studie wieder top-aktuelle Themen auf, wie Arbeitseinstellung & Mitarbeiterbindung, Statussymbole & Finanzen, Psyche & Smartphonenutzung, Nachhaltigkeit & Politik

    trotz, dank, kraft, laut: Die Grammatikalisierung desubstantivischer Präpositionen im Deutschen

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    Die vorliegende Dissertation, die in der Grammatikalisierungsforschung angesiedelt ist, widmet sich der Entstehung der vier desubstantivischen Präpositionen trotz, dank, kraft und laut. Im Zentrum dieser empirischen und hauptsächlich qualitativ ausgerichteten Arbeit steht sowohl die Ermittlung von Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschieden bezüglich der Grammatikalisierungspfade dieser Präpositionen als auch die Erschließung der Prozesse, die im Laufe der Grammatikalisierung auf den einzelnen sprachlichen Ebenen stattfinden. Die Entstehungsgeschichten der vier Präpositionen werden unter Verwendung sprachhistorischer Korpora vom Althochdeutschen bis in die heutige Zeit nachgezeichnet. Die Analyse ist methodisch durch zwei Modelle der Kontextextension geprägt, die darauf abzielen, mit Hilfe verschiedener Kontexttypen, in denen Neuerungen auf den Ebenen der Semantik, der Pragmatik und der Struktur stattfinden, die Stufen eines Grammatikalisierungspfades zu ermitteln

    Wie beeinflusst Corona Paare und Familien?:Interview mit Prof. Dr. Anne Milek

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    Kontaktbeschränkungen, Schulschließungen, Home Office – die Corona-Pandemie hat unser Leben in den vergangenen Monaten in vielen Bereichen verändert und beeinflusst vor allem Paare und Familien. Dabei birgt die besondere Situation sowohl Chancen als auch Risiken. Welche das sind, erklärt Prof. Dr. Anne Milek, Inhaberin des Lehrstuhls für Paar- und Familienpsychologie – der einzige dieser Art in Deutschland –, im Podcast. Zudem gibt sie Einblicke in aktuelle Forschungsprojekte

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