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La Primera Gramática del Guarayu:Manuel Viudes, 1841 – copia de Francisco Lacueva: Arte de la Lengua Guaraya. Transcripción del manuscrito de 1841, comentarios, introducción, estudio y análisis
No full textGuarayu ist eine der sechs bekannten Tupí-Guaraní-Sprachen in Bolivien. Die vorliegende Publikation stellt die erste bekannte Grammatik der Sprache dar, die heute verlorenen Vorlage 1841 von dem Franziskaner Manuel Viudes in der bolivianischen Mission kopiert wurde. Die Arbeit präsentiert die Handschrift Seite für Seite mit Kommentaren und ordnet die Grammatik sprachhistorisch in die nun teilweise sichtbar gewordene Entwicklung von ca. 1820 bis heute auf. Die Daten zum heutigen Sprachstand wurden von der Mitautorin Swintha Danielsen geliefert, die mehrere Jahre bei den Guarayus gelebt hat. Die so gewonnenen Sprachdaten werden systematisch mit denen der anderen bolivianischen Sprachen der gleichen Familie verglichen und neu klassifiziert. Außerdem werden alle in der Grammatik von Viudes bzw. Lacueva vorkommenden Sprachbeispiele linguistisch analysiert. Das Werk wird abgeschlossen durch ein Wörterbuch der bei Viudes vorkommenden Wörter, guarayu-spanisch und spanisch-guarayu.El guarayu es una de las seis lenguas bolivianas de la familia Tupí-Guaraní. La publicación presenta la primera gramática de la lengua, cuyo original, hoy perdido, fue copiado en 1841 por el misionero franciscano Manuel Viudes. La obra contiene el manuscrito transliterado, página por página, con comentarios desarrollando sobre etsa base la historia interna del guarayu de aproximadamente 1820 hasta hoy. Los datos del estado actual de la lengua fueron proporcionados por la coautora Swintha Danielsen, quien vivió durante varios años entre los Guarayos. Los datos del guarayu se comparan sistemáticamente los de las demás lenguas bolivianas de la misma familia para llegar a una nueva clasificación de ellas. Todos los ejemplos lingüísticos contenidos en la gramática de Viudes (resp. Lacueva) son lingüísticamente analizados. La obra se completa por un glosario guarayu-castellano y castellano-guarayu de las palabras que ocurren en la gramática.Guarayu is one of the six Tupi-Guarani languagesof eastern Bolivia, The present publication presents the first grammar of the language written around 1820 by the Franciscan missionary Francisco Lacueva, a text that is lost today, but was copied in 1841 by Manuel Viudes in the Bolivian mission. The work presents the manuscript with comments and corrections and linguistically classifies the grammar into the now partially visible development from about 1820 to today. The data on the current language level was provided by co-author Swintha Danielsen, who lived with the Guarayos for several years. The language data obtained in this way are systematically compared with those of the other Bolivian languages of the same family and related to each other in a new classification. All language examples occurring in the grammar of Viudes or Lacueva are linguistically analysed. The work is completed by a glossary of the words found in Viudes/Lacueva, Guarayu Spanish and Spanish-Guarayu
Latent Variable Modeling of Scientific Impact: Estimation of the Q Model Parameters with Structural Equation Models
No full textStatistical modeling of scientific productivity and impact provides insights into bibliometric measures used also to quantify differences between individual scholars. The Q model decomposes the log-transformed impact of a published paper into a researcher capacity parameter and a random luck parameter. These two parameters are then modeled together with the log-transformed number of published papers (i.e., an indicator of productivity) by means of a trivariate normal distribution. In this work we propose a formulation of the Q model that can be estimated as a structural equation model. The Q model as a structural equation model allows to quantify the reliability of researchers’ Q parameter estimates, it can be extended to incorporate person covariates, and multivariate extensions of the Q model could also be estimated. We empirically illustrate our approach to estimate the Q model and also provide openly available code for R and Mplus
Locally compact groups, automatic continuity and geometric group theory
No full textWir zeigen, dass eine gutartige Wirkung einer lokalkompakten Gruppe auf einem CAT(0) Raum stetig ist, oder einen invarianten Unterraum hat. Außerdem zeigen wir, dass Homomorphismen von lokalkompakten Gruppen in „geometrische“ Gruppen entweder stetig sind oder „kleines“ Bild haben.
Für pro-Liegruppen zeigen wir, dass gutartige Einbettungen „fast“ eine Zerlegung in ein direktes Produkt induzieren.
Wir charakterisieren (Semi-)Vollständigkeit eines Graphprodukts anhand des Graphen und untersuchen normale Untergruppen.
Wir zeigen, dass Moussong's Charakterisierung von Gromov-hyperbolischen Coxetergruppen eine Lücke hat und schließen diese.
Danach zeigen wir, dass eine Coxetergruppe genau dann „just-infinite“ ist, wenn sie irreduzibel und affin ist. Wir zeigen diverse Resultate über proendliche Starrheit von Graphprodukten und Coxetergruppen.
In Artingruppen zeigen wir, dass der Schnitt einer vollständigen parabolischen Untergruppe mit einer parabolischen Untergruppe parabolisch ist
Minimally Invasive Robotic-assisted Perforator-to-Perforator DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction
No full textReducing morbidity has been the goal of many reconstructive microsurgery efforts. Several techniques have been described for deep inferior epigastric perforator flap breast reconstruction to minimize abdominal donor-site morbidity. Although these techniques have certain tradeoffs, we designed a minimally invasive robot-assisted perforator-to-perforator approach to achieve minimal donor- and
recipient-site morbidity. Simultaneous identification of the deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA) and internal mammary artery (IMA) perforator was performed, followed by a small fascial incision around the dominant DIEA perforator. The IMA perforator was prepared for a prepectoral anastomosis. The short DIEA pedicle was dissected without further longitudinal fascial incision until an adequate diameter
compared with the IMA perforator was reached, and a robot-assisted perforator-toperforator anastomosis was performed prepectorally. All patients underwent reconstruction performed by a single surgeon. The smallest abdominal incision was 2.5 cm with a DIEP pedicle length of 6 cm. The average IMA perforator diameter was 1.14 mm (1.0 mm–1.2 mm). The average vein diameter was 2.0 mm (1.5–3.0 mm). The incision to closure lasted 330 minutes (313–348 minutes). Flap ischemia was 105 minutes (82–118 minutes), whereas the time for robot-assisted anastomosis was 25 minutes
(22–30 minutes). All anastomoses were performed successfully. Our initial experience with robot-assisted perforator-to-perforator anastomosis for DIEP flap breast reconstruction demonstrates promise in achieving minimal patient morbidity. Raising only a very short pedicle can be compensated by adding the prepectoral IMA perforator length and enabling a good size match for small-caliber anastomosis. This technique combines important aspects of most minimally invasive DIEP flap harvests and insets
Patient-Reported Outcomes of Liposuction for Lipedema Treatment
No full textBackground: Lipedema, as a disabling and consequential disease, is gaining more awareness due to its potential omnipresence. Patients suffering from lipedema show a characteristic painful display of symmetric accumulations of adipose tissue. The combination of swelling, pain and decreased quality of life (QOL) is outstanding for the diagnosis. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of liposuction in terms of the QOL for patients and underline important factors of current and pending research regarding surgical therapy of lipoedema. Methods: Patients suffering from lipedema prior to and after receiving liposuction at our hospital were included in this study. Patients completed a lipedema-specific self-designed 50 item questionnaire: the World Health Organization Quality of Life BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9). A linear mixed model was used for outcome analysis. Results: In total, 511 patients completed a questionnaire prior to the surgery at primary presentation to the hospital and a total number of 56 patients completed a questionnaire after liposuction. A total of 34 of these patients filled in both questionnaires prior to and after surgery. The general characteristics of the disease, such as daily symptoms and psychological health, pertinently improved after surgery. Conclusions: Liposuction can have a general improving effect on the QOL of patients, both in private and professional life. Liposuction may currently be the most evident and promising method in the treatment of lipedema
Spinodal Decomposition of Filled Polymer Blends: The Role of the Osmotic Effect of Fillers
No full textThe reported work addresses the effect of fillers on the thermodynamic stability and miscibility of compressible polymer blends. We calculate the spinodal transition temperature of a filled polymer blend as a function of the interaction energies between the blend species, as well as the blend composition, filler size, and filler volume fraction. The calculation method relies on the developed thermodynamic theory of filled compressible polymer blends. This theory makes it possible to obtain the excess pressure and chemical potential caused by the presence of fillers. As a main result of the reported work, we demonstrate that the presence of neutral (non-adsorbing) fillers can be used to enhance the stability of a polymer blend that shows low critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior. The obtained results highlight the importance of the osmotic effect of fillers on the miscibility of polymer blends. The demonstrated good agreement with the experiment proves that this effect alone can explain the observed filler-induced change in the LCST
The Preserflo MicroShunt Affects Microvascular Flow Density in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
No full textIntraocular pressure (IOP) lowering surgery has been shown to alter microvascular density in glaucoma patients. The aim of this study is to report changes in retinal flow density (FD) over the course of treatment with the Preserflo MicroShunt, using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). 34 eyes from 34 patients who underwent Preserflo MicroShunt implantation were prospectively enrolled in this study. OCTA imaging was conducted at the superficial (SCP), deep (DCP) and radial peripapillary plexus (RPC) levels. The progression of FD and IOP was assessed at different time points from baseline to six months postoperatively for the entire patient population, as well as disease severity subgroups. The Preserflo MicroShunt achieved a significant reduction in IOP over the course of six months (median: 8 mmHg; p < 0.01). FD values of the SCP and DCP did not show significant fluctuations, even after adjusting for disease severity. FD of the RPC decreased significantly over the course of six months postoperatively from 42.31 at baseline to 39.59 at six months postoperatively (p < 0.01). The decrease in peripapillary FD was strongest in patients with advanced glaucoma (median: −3.58). These observations hint towards dysfunctional autoregulatory mechanisms in capillaries surrounding the optic nerve head in advanced glaucoma. In comparison, the microvascular structure of the macula appeared more resilient to changes in IOP
The role of cuticular hydrocarbons in intraspecific aggression in the invasive ant Cardiocondyla obscurior
No full textCuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) are important cues for nestmate discrimination and intraspecific aggression in ants. In invasive ants, diminished CHC profile diversity is suspected to contribute to the ecological and evolutionary success of populations by reducing intraspecific aggression between colonies. The ant 'Cardiocondyla obscurior' Wheeler, 1929 has successfully colonized habitats around the world, reaching high local population densities. However, despite being invasive, colonies still react aggressively against each other, especially in interactions with non-nestmate alate queens. Here, we study whether CHCs are relevant for antagonistic interactions in this species, by combining behavioral experiments with gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. We show that queen and worker CHC profiles show pronounced quantitative as well as qualitative differences, that queens with depleted CHC profiles receive virtually no aggression from non-nestmates, and that aggression levels are positively correlated with the naturally occurring CHC profile differences between colonies. These findings provide first empirical evidence for a role of CHCs and chemical diversity in antagonistic behaviors against foreign queens in this species. They further suggest that invasive populations of 'C. obscurior' are multicolonial and polydomous
Three-Loop Technique for Pulley Reconstruction—A Retrospective Cohort Analysis of 23 Patients
No full textTwenty-three patients with a mean age of 52.7 years underwent pulley reconstruction using the Okutsu double- or triple-loop technique after iatrogenic or traumatic rupture of at least two adjacent flexor tendon pulleys in the finger and distal palm; mean age of injury was 4.77 years. The mean follow-up was 4.66 years after reconstruction of mostly A2 pulleys in a single surgeon setting. Outcome measures included ROM, NRS pain, satisfaction, Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (DASH) and Krimmer score, Buck–Gramcko score, Jamar grip strength, pinch grip, and vigorimetry compared to the uninjured side. The median patient satisfaction score was 6.6/10. Hand function using the DASH score was 9.5. Grip strength on the Jamar Dynamometer showed only a slight reduction of 13% compared to the uninjured side. The resultant force of the operated fingers on the vigorimeter is almost 60% of that of the contralateral side, and the finger-palm distance of the operated finger was reduced from 2.2 cm to 1.45 cm. Other functional scores, such as Krimmer (82.2) and Buck-Gramcko (10.9), support these good results. The follow-up of patients more than 4.5 years after reconstruction of the A2 and A3 flexor tendon pulley using the double- or triple-loop technique showed acceptable patient satisfaction and good function of the finger in everyday life
Post-saccadic feedback signals in oculomotor learning
No full textSakkadische Adaptation ist ein okulomotorischer Lernprozess. Die adaptiven Anpassungen der Sakkadenamplitude oder -richtung erfolgen als Reaktion auf post-sakkadische Fehler. Die Ergebnisse dieser Dissertation belegen einen deutlichen modulatorischen Einfluss aktueller Aufgaben auf diesen Lernprozess. So legt das aktuelle Verhaltensziel die Merkmalsdimension fest, die das Zielobjekt definiert und bestimmt somit die Auswahl des Zielobjektes und die Fehlerbewertung. Zusätzlich entwickeln sich adaptive Veränderungen, wenn post-sakkadische Feedbacksignale darauf hinweisen, dass die vorherige Augenbewegung nicht geeignet war, das Verhaltensziel zu erreichen. Werden die Feedbacksignale nur der post-sakkadischen Szene hinzugefügt und die Fehlerursache auf eine externe Quelle zurückgeführt, reduziert das okulomotorische Lernen dennoch den Aufgabenfehler. Zusammenfassend legen die Ergebnisse dieser Dissertation nahe, dass sowohl sensorische als auch belohnungsbezogene Fehler zum okulomotorischen Lernen beitragen.Saccadic adaptation is an oculomotor learning process. The adaptive adjustments to
the saccade amplitude or direction occur in response to post-saccadic errors. The results of this dissertation demonstrate a clear modulatory influence of current tasks on oculomotor learning. The findings indicate that tasks can determine the target-defining feature dimension and, therefore, guide target selection and error evaluation. In addition, adaptive changes to the oculomotor behavior develop to improve task performance if post-saccadic feedback signals indicate that the previous eye movement was not suitable for meeting the current behavioral goal. If the post-saccadic feedback is added to the post-saccadic scene only and the cause of the error is attributed to an external cause, oculomotor learning still reduces the post-saccadic task error. In sum, the results of this dissertation suggest that both sensory and reward errors contribute to oculomotor learning