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“DIG WHERE YOU STAND” 7:Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on the History of Mathematics Education September 19-23, 2022, Mainz, Germany
No full textThe history of mathematics education is an interdisciplinary research area that is experiencing a significant development and this book presents recent work in this area. This book is the result of the seventh conference ICHME (International Conference on the History of Mathematics Education) that took place at Erbacher Hof, Mainz (Germany) from 19th to 23rd of September 2022. Nowadays, the history of education is of the utmost importance for assessing the general development of the educational system(s) in which mathematics education occurs. Usually, the history of education is confined to history within a given civilization, country or nation. However, the quality of the research for a given nation is enhanced when situated among various specific cases, and comparative studies provide essential tools to broaden the perspectives to an international level. Moreover, mathematics, as a school discipline, has always functioned at the crossroads between general education and professional training, thus relating its teaching history to professional working environments as well. The 24 chapters in this book reflect this wide area of research
Do Fiscal Rules Reduce Public Investment? Evidence from European Regions
No full textThis paper analyses the impact of fiscal rules on different public spending categories, namely
public expenditure and investment, at the subnational level in Europe. Building on the notion
of the deficit bias, we suspect that in the presence of fiscal rules, politicians have an incentive
to reduce public spending through disproportionate cuts in investments. To empirically test this
hypothesis, we focus on subnational administrative levels since budget reallocations can be
expected to be pronounced at these levels and because the empirical evidence here is scarce.
We introduce a new index based on partially ordered set theory (POSET), using the EC's fiscal
rules dataset, which allows us to analyze the stringency of fiscal rules for different levels of
government. Our balanced dataset covers 179 NUTS2 regions in 14 EU member states from
1995 to 2018. The empirical analysis is based on Within, GMM, and instrumental variable
estimators. Our empirical findings are highly robust. In our baseline model, a one standard-
deviation increase in our fiscal rules stringency index reduces overall public expenditure by up
to 1.28 percent, while investment declines by more than 4 percent. The results imply that more
stringent fiscal rules lead to a disproportionate reduction in public investment as compared to overall expenditure
Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Cancer: From Molecular Pathologies to Clinical Relevance
No full textEndometriosis is a chronic condition affecting reproductive-aged women, characterized by the growth of ectopic endometrial tissue. Despite being benign, endometriosis is associated with an increased risk of certain cancers, including endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC). Ovarian cancer is rare, but more common in women with endometriosis, particularly endometrioid and clear-cell carcinomas. Factors such as hormonal imbalance, reproductive history, environmental exposures, and genetic predisposition contribute to the malignant transformation of endometriosis. Thus, understanding potential risk factors causing malignancy is crucial. Over the past few decades, various genetic mutations, microRNAs, as well as tumor microenvironmental factors have been identified, impacting pathways like PI3K/AKT/mTOR, DNA repair mechanisms, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Thus, this review aims to summarize molecular studies involved in EAOC pathogenesis as potential therapeutic targets. However, further research is needed to better understand the molecular and environmental factors driving EAOC development, to target the susceptibility of endometriotic lesions to malignant progression, and to identify effective therapeutic strategies
Kulturkritik erzählen:Populismus, Ideologie, Ästhetizismus in kulturkritischer Erzählprosa der Moderne (1885-1910)
No full textDie Kritik an der Kultur der Moderne ist fester Bestandteil des literarischen Diskurses der Jahrhundertwende vom 19. zum 20. Jahrhundert. Zum untersuchten Korpus gehören weltanschauliche, rechtspopulistische Texte der ›Antimoderne‹ (Julius Langbehn, Friedrich Lienhard, Gustav Frenssen) und Erzählungen der literarischen Dekadenz (Max Nordau, Eduard von Keyserling). Anhand dieser Texte arbeitet die Studie heraus, welche strukturellen Muster sich bei dem Blick auf die Verbindung von Kulturmodellen und Textverfahren ergeben. Der Fokus gilt dabei dem Verhältnis von ideologischen, populistischen und ästhetizistischen Anteilen der Texte, die die Arbeit abschließend zu einer analytischen Systematik kulturkritischer Texte zusammenführt
Legal Pluralism and Religion in Early Modern History: The Case of Ireland
No full textIn this paper, I trace the coexistence of legal traditions in early modern Ireland in order to examine the impact of legal plurality on religion and vice versa. I argue that new legislation designed to bring about legal unity instead created legal pluralism, providing important incentives for creativity and pragmatism. I find that contract law created large-scale exceptions to the principles of Anglo-Irish Canon Law, which promoted religious uniformity through legal boundary-work, and placed much greater emphasis on religious coexistence. Contracts created predictability, enabled mutually beneficial transactions, and potentially avoided religious strife by committing both faith groups to a shared future. Legal transactions and interpersonal commitments put canon law in brackets but did not question its validity or sustainability. Conflicts tended to arise only when they were brought to the fore by key actors with vested interests or when they sought to highlight specific religio-political issues.Dieser Beitrag untersucht am Beispiel Irlands das Verhältnis von Rechtsvielfalt und Religion in der Frühen Neuzeit. Er geht von der These aus, dass Rechtsnormen, die auf dem Feld des anglikanischen Kirchenrechts für rechtliche Homogenität sorgen sollten, ihr Ziel weit verfehlten und stattdessen mehr statt weniger Rechtsvielfalt produzierten. Denn vor dem Hintergrund massiver religiös-konfessioneller Gegensätze stifteten die untersuchten Prozesse der Rechtsangleichung die Akteure zu kreativen 'Workarounds' an – nicht zuletzt mit den Mitteln des Rechts. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass vor allem privatrechtliche Verträge von den Akteuren häufig dazu genutzt werden, die intendierte Vereinheitlichung des Rechts einzuhegen. Diese bewirkten eine situative Neutralisierung des anglikanischen Kirchenrechts, ohne dessen Gültigkeit prinzipiell infrage zu stellen. Zudem verhinderten sie für lange Zeit Glaubenskonflikte, indem sie beide Konfessionen auf eine gemeinsame Zukunft verpflichteten. Religiös-konfessionelle Konflikte traten in aller Regel ausschließlich dann auf, wenn sie von den Akteuren ganz bewusst auf die Agenda gesetzt wurden
Machine Learning and Big Data in Empirical Asset Pricing
No full textFinanzdaten haben sich zu einer Big Data Umgebung entwickelt, was den Einsatz von aktuellen Methoden des maschinellen Lernens ermöglicht. Die vorliegende Dissertation nutzt die gestiegene Informationsmenge für empirische Forschung in der Finanzwissenschaft und zeigt Anwendungen des maschinellen Lernens auf. Dabei wird zunächst ein Imputationsverfahren für fehlende Finanzdaten vorgestellt, welches auf Large Language Modellen basiert. In einem zweiten Artikel wird der erweiterte Informationsgehalt von hochfrequenten Handelsdaten genutzt, um Fehler in der Bestimmung von Aktienrisiken zu quantifizieren. Der dritte Artikel zeigt, dass Methoden des maschinellen Lernens interpretierbar sein können, wenn Modelle mit Bedacht konzipiert werden. Hierzu dient eine Analyse der Momentum-Anomalie als Beispiel. Abschließend wird mithilfe der Eigenschaft maschineller Methoden nichtlineare Effekte abzubilden ein Maß für erwartete Aktienfehlbewertungen entwickelt
Marketplaces for Data: An Initial Survey
No full textData is becoming more and more of a commodity, so that it is not surprising that data has reached the status of tradable goods. An increasing number of data providers is recognizing this and is
consequently setting up platforms that deserve the term "marketplace" for data. We identify several
categories and dimensions of data marketplaces and data vendors and provide a survey of the current
situation
MCT-Induced Ketosis and Fiber in Rheumatoid Arthritis (MIKARA)—Study Protocol and Primary Endpoint Results of the Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Intervention Study Indicating Effects on Disease Activity in RA Patients
No full textFatty acids, such as medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), both important components of a normal diet, have been reported to play a role in bone-related diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the role of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) has not been investigated in RA to date. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementation of regular diet with MCT with and without fiber on disease activity as measured with the SDAI (Simplified Disease Activity Index) in RA patients. A total of 61 RA patients on stable drug treatment were randomly assigned to a twice-daily control regimen or to a twice-daily regimen of a formulation containing medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) 30 g/day for 8 weeks followed by a second twice-daily regimen of combining MCT (30 g/day) plus fiber (30 g/day) for an additional 8 weeks. The control group received a formulation containing long-chain triglycerides (LCTs) instead of MCTs. The preliminary results showed a significant reduction in SDAI from baseline to week 16 in the test group and a significant increase in β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels, while no improvement in SDAI was observed in the control group
Mixed Reality as a Teaching Tool for Medical Students in Neurosurgery
No full text'Background and Objectives': Simulation-based learning within neurosurgery provides valuable and realistic educational experiences in a safe environment, enhancing the current teaching model. Mixed reality (MR) simulation can deliver a highly immersive experience through head-mounted displays and has become one of the most promising teaching tools in medical education. We aimed to identify whether an MR neurosurgical simulation module within the setting of an undergraduate neurosurgical hands-on course could improve the satisfaction of medical students. 'Materials and Methods': The quasi-experimental study with 223 medical students [120 in the conventional group (CG) and 103 in the MR-group (MRG)] was conducted at the University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany. An MR simulation module was presented to the intervention group during an undergraduate neurosurgical hands-on course. Images of a skull fracture were reconstructed into 3D formats compatible with the MR-Viewer (Brainlab, Munich, Germany). Participants could interact virtually with the model and plan a surgical strategy using Magic Leap goggles. The experience was assessed by rating the course on a visual analog scale ranging from 1 (very poor) to 100 (very good) and an additional Likert-scale questionnaire. 'Results': The satisfaction score for CG and MRG were 89.3 ± 13.3 and 94.2 ± 7.5, respectively. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test showed that MR users (Mdn = 97.0, IQR = 4, n = 103) were significantly more satisfied than CG users (Mdn = 93.0, IQR = 10, n = 120; ln(W) = 8.99, p < 0.001) with moderate effect size (𝑟̂𝑏𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 = 0.30, CI95 [0.15, 0.43]), thus indicating that the utilization of MR-simulation is associated with greater satisfaction. 'Conclusions': This study reports a positive response from medical students towards MR as an educational tool. Feedback from the medical students encourages the adoption of disruptive technologies into medical school curricula
Oxygen Isotopic Variations in the Calcium, Aluminum-rich Inclusion–forming Region Recorded by a Single Refractory Inclusion from the CO3.1 Carbonaceous Chondrite Dar al Gani 083
No full textCalcium, aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) are the oldest solids dated that formed in the solar system. Most CAIs in unmetamorphosed chondritic meteorites (chondrites; petrologic type ≤3.0) have uniform solar-like 16_O-rich compositions (Δ17O ∼ −24‰) and a high initial _26Al/_27Al ratio [(_26Al/_27Al)0] of ∼(4–5) × 10_−5, consistent with their origin in a gas of approximately solar composition during a brief (3.0) remains an open issue. This heterogeneity could have recorded fluctuations of O-isotope composition of nebular gas in the CAI-forming region and/or postcrystallization O-isotope exchange of CAI minerals with aqueous fluids on the chondrite parent asteroids. To obtain insights into possible processes resulting in this heterogeneity, we investigated the mineralogy, rare-earth element abundances, and O- and Mg-isotope compositions of a CAI from the CO3.1 chondrite Dar al Gani 083. This concentrically zoned inclusion has a Zn-hercynite core surrounded by layers of (from core to edge) grossite, spinel, melilite, and Al-diopside. The various phases have heterogeneous Δ_17O (from core to edge): −2.2 ± 0.6‰, −0.9 ± 2.1‰, −13.7 ± 2.1‰, −2.6 ± 2.3‰, and −22.6 ± 2.1‰, respectively. Magnesium-isotope compositions of grossite, spinel, melilite, and Al-diopside define an undisturbed internal Al–Mg isochron with (_26Al/_27Al)0 of (2.60 ± 0.29) × 10_−6. We conclude that the variations in Δ_17O of spinel and diopside recorded fluctuations in O-isotope composition of nebular gas in the CAI-forming region prior to injection and/or homogenization of 26_Al at the canonical level. The 16_O depletion of grossite and melilite resulted from O-isotope exchange with asteroidal fluid, which did not disturb Al–Mg isotope systematics of the CAI primary minerals