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Working Papers – Forschungsgruppe Digitale Mittelstadt der Zukunft (FOR 5393)
No full textIn der digitalen Schriftenreihe "Working Papers, Forschungsgruppe Digitale Mittelstadt der Zukunft (FOR 5393)" werden fortlaufend Forschungsergebnisse und theoretische und konzeptionelle Arbeiten der DFG-Forschungsgruppe "Digitale Mittelstadt der Zukunft" (FOR 5393) in gemeinsamen Arbeitspapieren veröffentlicht. Die Forschungsgruppe untersucht, wie Mittelstädte den Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung begegnen und entwickelt digitale Instrumente zur Stärkung ihrer Liveability. Die Forschungsgruppe fokussiert vier zentrale Strukturbereiche einer Mittelstadt: Zivilgesellschaft & soziale Leistungen, Verwaltung & Politik, Wirtschaft & Energie sowie Bildung & Kultur.In the digital publication series "Working Papers, Research Group Digital Medium-Sized City of the Future (FOR 5393)", research findings and theoretical and conceptual work of the DFG research group "Digital Medium-Sized City of the Future" (FOR 5393) are published on an ongoing basis in joint working papers. The research group is investigating how mid-sized towns are meeting the challenges of digitalization and developing digital instruments to strengthen their liveability. The research group focuses on four central structural areas of a medium-sized city: civil society & social services, administration & politics, economy & energy and education & culture
X-linked recessive familial gout on the island of Nias/Indonesia:Preliminary results in the context of population genetics field research
No full textThe island of Nias/Indonesia shows an extremely reduced genetic diversity. This is due to a strong founder effect when a small group of newcomers settled the island around 800 years ago and replaced the ancestral population. Depending on the genetic load of the founder group during the following expansion, some familial disorders should be extinct, extremely rare or very frequent as compared to neighbouring islands. We could show that one such example for high prevalence is oculocutaneous albinism. Here we present another example that can easily be ascertained during field research: tophaceous gout. Females are usually asymptomatic carriers, while most middle-aged male carriers have chronic tophaceous gout the cardinal symptom for gout. Gout is highly familiar on Nias and fully compatible with an X-linked recessive mode of inheritance, respectively. Two X-linked genes HGPRT and PRS-I, known to be associated with gout, could be excluded so far. The underlying X-linked mutation has still to be detected. A recent population-based screening with urea and uric acid serum levels in the normal range also makes a polygenic cause of gout less likely. The estimated prevalence of gout on Nias is 6.1%. This is in the same range as in Oceania and Island Southeast Asia (0 – 6.9%) with two peaks: Maori/New Zealand (18.4%) and aborigines/Taiwan (11.7%). It should be noted that the test subjects and their recording were different for each study group described here.Pulau Nias/Indonesia menunjukkan keragaman genetik yang sangat berkurang. Hal ini disebabkan oleh efek pendiri yang kuat ketika sekelompok kecil pendatang baru mendiami pulau tersebut sekitar 800 tahun yang lalu dan menggantikan populasi leluhur. Tergantung pada beban genetik dari kelompok pendiri selama ekspansi berikutnya, beberapa kelainan keluarga harus punah, sangat jarang atau sangat sering terjadi dibandingkan dengan pulau-pulau tetangga. Kami dapat menunjukkan bahwa salah satu contoh untuk prevalensi yang tinggi adalah albinisme okulokutaneus. Di sini kami menyajikan contoh lain yang dapat dengan mudah dipastikan selama penelitian lapangan: gout tophaceous. Perempuan biasanya pembawa asimtomatik, sementara sebagian besar pembawa laki-laki paruh baya mengalami gout tophaceous kronis yang merupakan gejala utama gout. Gout sangat dikenal di Nias dan sepenuhnya kompatibel dengan cara pewarisan resesif X-linked. Dua gen terkait X, HGPRT dan PRS-I, yang diketahui terkait dengan asam urat, sejauh ini dapat dikecualikan. Mutasi terkait-X yang mendasarinya masih harus dideteksi. Skrining berbasis populasi baru-baru ini dengan kadar serum urea dan asam urat dalam kisaran normal juga membuat penyebab poligenik asam urat lebih kecil kemungkinannya. Perkiraan prevalensi gout di Nias adalah 6,1%. Ini berada dalam kisaran yang sama seperti di Oseania dan Kepulauan Asia Tenggara (0 - 6,9%) dengan dua puncak: Maori/Selandia Baru (18,4%) dan penduduk asli/Taiwan (11,7%). Perlu dicatat bahwa subjek tes dan perekamannya berbeda untuk setiap kelompok studi yang dijelaskan di sini.Die Insel Nias/Indonesien weist eine extrem reduzierte genetische Vielfalt auf. Der Grund: Eine kleine Gruppe von Neuankömmlingen besiedelte vor etwa 800 Jahren die Insel und ersetzte die angestammte Bevölkerung. Je nach der genetischen Ausstattung der Gründergruppe, sollten bei der folgenden Expansion bestimmte Erkrankungen im Vergleich zu den benachbarten Inseln, extrem selten oder sehr häufig zu beobachten sein (Flaschenhalseffekt). Eine hohe Prävalenz konnten wir bereits für den okulokutanen Albinismus zeigen. Hier stellen wir eine weitere auf Nias weit verbreitete Erkrankung vor, die genetisch bedingte X-gebundene Gicht. Frauen sind in der Regel asymptomatische Trägerinnen, während die meisten männlichen Träger mittleren Alters an chronischer Gicht leiden. Eine üblicherweise polygene Ursache der Gicht scheint auf Nias selten zu sein: Ein kürzlich durchgeführtes bevölkerungsbasiertes Serumscreening auf Harnstoff- und Harnsäure zeigt Normwerte
Vom Protest zur Kommunalpolitik – Die Gründungsgeschichte des Ortsverbandes der GRÜNEN in Telgte
No full textCell-mediated Cytotoxicity within CSF and Brain Parenchyma in Spinal Muscular Atrophy Unaltered by Nusinersen Treatment
No full text5q-associated spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a motoneuron disease caused by mutations in the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. Adaptive immunity may contribute to SMA as described in other motoneuron diseases, yet mechanisms remain elusive. Nusinersen, an antisense treatment, enhances SMN2 expression, benefiting SMA patients. Here we have longitudinally investigated SMA and nusinersen effects on local immune responses in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) - a surrogate of central nervous system parenchyma. Single-cell transcriptomics (SMA: N=9 versus Control: N=9) reveal NK cell and CD8+ T cell expansions in untreated SMA CSF, exhibiting activation and degranulation markers. Spatial transcriptomics coupled with multiplex immunohistochemistry elucidate cytotoxicity near chromatolytic motoneurons (N=4). Post-nusinersen treatment, CSF shows unaltered protein/transcriptional profiles. These findings underscore cytotoxicity's role in SMA pathogenesis and propose it as a therapeutic target. Our study illuminates cell-mediated cytotoxicity as shared features across motoneuron diseases, suggesting broader implications
Comparison of the iStent Inject® versus the iStent Inject® W—Both in Combination with Cataract Surgery—In Open-Angle Glaucoma
No full textWe compare the short- and mid-term postoperative outcomes of the iStent inject® with its successor, the iStent inject® W. A retrospective monocentric study was performed to compare the iStent inject® used for cataract surgery with the iStent inject® W, also used for cataract surgery. The primary study endpoint was intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction six months after surgery. Six-month follow-up results were available for 35 eyes from 27 patients in the iStent inject® group and for 32 eyes from 25 patients in the iStent inject® W group. IOP reduction at six months post surgery was significantly greater in the iStent inject® W group (−2.2 mmHg [iStent inject® W] vs. −0.06 mmHg [iStent inject®], p = 0.037). There was a statistically greater decrease in glaucoma medication administration at six months in the iStent inject® group than in the iStent inject® W group (−1.28 agents vs. −0.62 agents, p = 0.007). These findings support the hypothesis that the superior positioning of the iStent inject® W (due to its larger base diameter) compared to the iStent Inject® leads to greater IOP reduction. Because of the short follow-up period, small study cohort, and differences in the number of glaucoma patients, the study results must be interpreted carefully
Contemporary secondary prevention in survivors of ST-elevation myocardial infarction with and without chronic kidney disease: a retrospective analysis
No full textBackground: Survivors of myocardial infarction have an elevated risk of long-term mortality. We sought to evaluate guideline-directed medical treatment and its impact on long-term mortality in survivors of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) according to their chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage.
Methods: Using German health insurance claims data, 157 663 hospitalized survivors of STEMI were identified. Regarding different CKD stages, we retrospectively analysed the filled prescriptions of platelet inhibitors (PAI)/oral anticoagulation, statins, beta-blocker and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists (ACE-I/AT1-A) and their association with long-term mortality. Results: Prescription rates for all four guideline-directed drugs were highest in patients without or with mild CKD and lowest in patients on dialysis. They dropped from 73.4% to 39.2% in patients without CKD and from 47.1% to 29% in patients on dialysis within the 5-year follow-up period. Mortality rates were dramatically increased in patients with CKD compared with patients without CKD (5-year mortality: no CKD, 16.7%; CKD stage 3, 47.1%; CKD stage 5d, 69.7%). Filled prescriptions of at least one drug class [one drug: hazard ratio (HR) 0.70, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.66–0.74; four drugs: HR 0.28, 95% CI 0.27–0.30; P < .001 for both] as well as the distinct drug classes (statins: HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.54–0.56; ACE-I/AT1-A: HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.67–0.70; beta-blocker: HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.85–0.90; PAI/oral anticoagulation: HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95–1.00; all P < .05) improved long-term mortality. Conclusions: An improved long-term guideline-recommended drug therapy after STEMI regardless of renal impairment might lead to beneficial effects on long-term mortality
Die Friedenswanderung des Jugendaustauschwerkes im Kreis Gütersloh - eine Protestgeschichte?
No full textEditorial: Science Communication in the Digital Age—New Actors, Environments, and Practices
No full textDigitalization challenges science communication in theoretical as well as methodological ways. It raises questions on how scientists, organizations, and institutions, as well as citizens and actors from other fields communicate about science and how science communication affects politics and the public. This thematic issue presents a collection of articles attempting to tackle digitalization's challenge for science communication research. In this editorial, we provide a short overview of the included articles. Additionally, we outline some future avenues that research could follow to examine further the implications that digital channels could have for science communication
Effects of the Video Assistant Referee on Games in the Bundesliga
No full textReferees and their assistants are faced with the challenge of making correct decisions in complex
and high-speed game situations. Subconscious bias on the part of referees and the resulting
systematic favouring of teams have already been shown many times in sports economics
and impair fairness in football. Since the 2017/2018 season, the video assistant referee (VAR)
has been used as a technical support for referees to correct clearly incorrect decisions. Based
on 2,448 games and 1,880 match situations reviewed by the VAR from the 2019/2020 to
2022/2023 seasons, this study examines whether the VAR is a suitable instrument to counteract
the bias of referees on the field. The analyses carried out reveal that the VAR is only able
to accomplish this to a limited extent. Even with technical support, human bias remains in the
decision-making process.Schiedsrichter und ihre Assistenten stehen vor der Herausforderung, in komplexen und in
hoher Geschwindigkeit stattfindenden Spielsituationen korrekte Entscheidungen zu treffen.
Unterbewusste Voreingenommenheit von Schiedsrichtern und die daraus resultierende systematische
Bevorzugung von Teams wurden in der Sportökonomik bereits vielfach nachgewiesen und beeinträchtigen die Fairness im Fußball. Seit der Saison 2017/2018 wird der Videoschiedsrichter (VAR) als technische Unterstützung für Schiedsrichter genutzt, um klare Fehlentscheidungen zu korrigieren. Anhand von 2.448 Partien und 1.880 vom VAR überprüften Spielsituationen der Spielzeiten 2019/2020 bis 2022/2023 wird untersucht, ob der VAR ein geeignetes Instrument ist, um dem Bias von Schiedsrichtern entgegenzuwirken. Die durchgeführten Analysen offenbaren, dass der VAR hierzu nur begrenzt in der Lage ist, denn auch mit technischer Unterstützung verbleibt menschlicher Bias im Entscheidungsprozess
Efficacy of Emergency Penetrating Keratoplasty with Cryopreserved Human Donor Corneas
No full textIntroduction: To investigate the long-term outcomes of emergency penetrating keratoplasty using cryopreserved human donor corneas in the management of actual or imminent corneal perforation.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of the treatment efficacy of emergency penetrating keratoplasty using a cryopreserved human donor cornea, in 14 eyes of 14 patients with corneal ulcers of different etiology. For comparison, the medical histories of 14 patients who had undergone penetrating keratoplasty with the same indication, but received a regularly processed human corneal graft, were retrospectively analyzed. In both groups, the primary endpoint for graft failure was repeat surgery, defined as the necessity for amniotic membrane transplantation, conjunctival flap, or repeat penetrating keratoplasty, during a follow-up time of maximally 12 months. Results: The difference in the need for repeated surgeries between the cryopreserved human donor cornea group and cultivated tissue graft group was not statistically significant (p = 0.835). Specifically, repeat complex surgery of any kind within 6 months was necessary in 50% of the cryopreserved cornea group and in 57.1% of the control group, with no further surgical interventions during the remainder of the follow-up period. However, repeat penetrating keratoplasty occurred more frequently in the cryopreserved cornea group (n = 5) than in the control group (n = 1) during the first 12 months after treatment (p = 0.048).
Conclusion: Cryopreserved corneas appear to be a viable option for promptly addressing emergencies and stabilizing the corneal situation, providing a faster solution compared to waiting for fresh tissue availability. However, repeat penetrating keratoplasty is more frequent when cryopreserved human donor corneas are used. Cryopreserved human donor corneas may be useful if surgical treatment is urgent and alternative options, such as tissue use, a conjunctival flap, or multilayer amniotic membrane transplantation, are not available