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Leveraging Generative AI for Rapid Competitive Landscape Analysis: A Feasibility Study in the Chemical Industry
No full textKein Heimspielvorteil bei Geisterspielen
No full textBecause of the COVID-19-pandemic the men’s first German football league (Bundesliga) had to finish the season 2019/20 with ghost games as spectators were not allowed in the stadiums. Comparing these games with the regular ones between the same teams before, we find that the normal advantage for the home team disappears. One reason for this is the disappearances of the home bias of the referees whereas changes in the sportive performance of the teams seem to be irrelevant in this regard.Wegen der COVID-19-Pandemie musste die erste deutsche Bundesliga der Männer die Saison 2019/20 mit Geisterspielen beenden, da Zuschauer in den Stadien nicht zugelassen waren. Wenn wir diese Spiele mit den regulären Spielen zwischen denselben Teams vergleichen, stellen wir fest, dass der normale Vorteil für die Heimmannschaft verschwindet. Ein Grund dafür ist das Verschwinden des Bias der Schiedsrichter für die Heimmannschaft, während Änderungen in der sportlichen Leistung der Mannschaften in dieser Hinsicht irrelevant zu sein scheinen
Retrospective Evaluation of GEC-ESTRO Constraints for Definitive Radiochemotherapy with Brachytherapy and Correlation with Oncologic Outcome in Cervical Cancer: A Monocenter Study
No full textBackground: This study aims to evaluate patients with locally advanced cervical cancer who underwent definitive radiochemotherapy, including brachytherapy, at the University Hospital of Muenster (UKM), focusing on target volume coverage, oncologic outcome parameters, and organs at risk (OAR) toxicities. Results are compared with the Gyn GEC-ESTRO (GGE) recommendations. Methods: Of a cohort of 48 patients, treated between 2013 and 2023, the physical radiation treatment planning with application of CT and MRI and oncologic follow-up data was analyzed. Target volume structures, comprising the high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV), intermediate-risk clinical target volume (IR-CTV), Point A, and corresponding EQD2(α/β=10) doses were determined. Endpoints included local tumor control, overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and progression-free survival (PFS). Total OAR (D2cc) EQD2(α/β=3) doses were correlated with adverse events defined by CTCAE v5.0 and LENT-SOMA criteria. Results: Median follow-up was 58.0 months (95% CI [27.6, 88.4]). FIGO stage I was present in 7 (15%) patients, II in 13 (27%), and III in 28 (58%) patients. A total of 38 (79%) patients showed a complete remission 3 months after treatment. The 5-year event-free rate was 67.4% (95% CI [49.3, 80.3]) for OS, 77.0% (95% CI [56.7, 88.6]) for RFS and 68.1% (95% CI [49.7, 80.9]) for PFS. Incomplete radiation treatment and advanced tumor stages led to worse outcomes. Meeting Point A GGE recommendations increased chances for complete remission and could decrease chances of an event occurring for OS, PFS, and RFS. Compliance with GGE recommendations lowered the chances of OAR toxicity occurring. Conclusions: MRI-based target volume definition for brachytherapy in cervical cancer may improve patients' OS, PFS, and RFS. Time-to-event endpoints are consistent with comparable studies, and adherence to current ESGO/ESTRO/ESP guidelines is endorsed
Soll man reden? Und wenn ja, worüber? Oder worüber nicht?
No full textDer Text "Soll man reden?" untersucht den Wandel der Konversation im Laufe der Jahrhunderte und reflektiert, worüber man reden sollte und worüber nicht. Es beginnt mit Aristoteles' Idee der Eutrapelia als Tugend der angemessenen Konversation. Im Mittelalter wurde Plaudern abgelehnt, bis Thomas von Aquin die Konversation wieder rehabilitierte. Im 17. Jahrhundert war die Konversation geprägt von Höflichkeit, Partnerorientierung und Vergnügen, während im 18. Jahrhundert Moral, Effizienz und inhaltliche Ergebnisse in den Vordergrund rückten. Foucaults Diskursbegriff wird auf alltägliche Konversation angewendet, um historische und gesellschaftliche Konversationsregeln zu untersuchen
Die Fortschritte des Community Cloud Computing in dem Business-to-Business-Kaufprozess
No full textIn times of digitalization, new ways occur to integrate suppliers in the B2B buying process. Community cloud computing enhances the collaboration between B2B buyers and suppliers. However, so far, there is little empirical evidence on how B2B buyers can use community cloud computing to integrate suppliers in the B2B buying process. This study investigates the areas of application, motives, and risks of B2B buyers to use community cloud computing for supplier integration. We use an exploratory research design and conducted semi-structured interviews with 14 experts in the German market. Even though our results show that community cloud computing is not an established technology, we find that B2B buyers use cloudbased procurement systems to enhance supplier integration. Interestingly, cloud-based procurement systems appear in all steps of the B2B buying process. This study identifies four ideal types of B2B buying processes, whose manifestations depend on the buying situation and the importance of the product. The use of cloud-based procurement systems in B2B buying adds up to the three main outcomes cost reduction, time savings, and resource access. We provide recommendations to B2B buyers and suppliers facing the four types how to use cloud computing in order to establish long-term relationships. Finally, we open up new research
areas to further explore this topic.In Zeiten der Digitalisierung ergeben sich neue Wege, Lieferanten in den B2B-Einkaufsprozess zu integrieren. Community Cloud Computing verbessert die Zusammenarbeit zwischen B2B-Einkäufern und -Lieferanten. Bislang gibt es jedoch kaum empirische Erkenntnisse darüber, wie B2B-Käufer Community Cloud Computing nutzen können, um Lieferanten in den B2B-Kaufprozess zu integrieren. Diese Studie untersucht die Anwendungsbereiche, Motive und Risiken von B2B-Käufern, Community Cloud Computing für die Lieferantenintegration zu nutzen. Wir wenden ein exploratives Forschungsdesign an und führen semi-strukturierte Interviews mit 14 Experten auf dem deutschen Markt durch. Obwohl unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Community Cloud Computing keine etablierte Technologie ist, stellen wir fest, dass B2B-Käufer cloudbasierte Beschaffungssysteme nutzen, um die Lieferantenintegration zu verbessern. Interessanterweise tauchen Cloud-basierte Beschaffungssysteme in allen Schritten des B2B-Einkaufsprozesses auf. Diese Studie identifiziert vier ideale Arten von B2B-Einkaufsprozessen, deren Erscheinungsformen von der Einkaufssituation und der Bedeutung des Produkts abhängen. Der Einsatz Cloud-basierter Beschaffungssysteme beim B2B-Einkauf addiert sich zu den drei Hauptergebnissen Kostensenkung, Zeitersparnis und Ressourcenzugang. Wir geben B2B-Einkäufern und -Lieferanten, die mit den vier Arten von Cloud Computing konfrontiert sind, Empfehlungen, wie sie Cloud Computing nutzen können, um langfristige Beziehungen aufzubauen. Schließlich eröffnen wir neue Forschungsbereiche, um dieses Thema weiter zu erforschen
The Effect of C-Arm Position on Femoral Tunnel Placement in Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction
No full textBackground: Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction is a common treatment for patellar instability. Yet nearly 40% of revisions result from femoral tunnel misplacement. One reason may be the positioning of the C-arm relative to the knee. Purpose: To assess how the C-arm’s position affects femoral MPFL placement when the image receptor is positioned either contralateral or ipsilateral to the operated knee. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Ten human cadaveric knee specimens were dissected, and the femoral MPFL insertion site was identified and marked using a 10-mm eyelet. According to the possible clinical scenarios, true lateral radiographs in 2 different C-arm positions were taken. In the first scenario, the image receptor was on the ipsilateral side, being 5 cm away from the knee with the x-ray beam directed from medial to lateral (ML5). In the second scenario, the image receptor was on the contralateral side, being 25 cm away from the knee with the x-ray beam directed from lateral to medial (LM25). In each radiograph, the eyelet position was recorded and the distance (proximal-distal and anterior-posterior) from the optimal radiographic insertion point according to the literature was determined. Differences between the groups were calculated using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and a P value of <.05 was considered significant. Results: The anatomic femoral MPFL insertion in the ML5-position was located a mean of 2.7 ± 2.4 mm proximal and 4.5 ± 5.5 mm anterior to the Schöttle point. This resulted in an absolute distance of 7.2 ± 3.0 mm. In the LM25-position, it was located a mean of –0.7 ± 1.8 mm distal and 3.0 ± 5.3 mm anterior, which resulted in an absolute distance of 5.4 ± 3.2 mm. The ML5 was located more anterior (1.5 ± 2.1 mm) and proximal (3.4 ± 2.4 mm) compared with the LM25 position. Measurements following methods described in the literature significantly differed in both axes in the LM25 view when compared with the ML5 view measurements (P = .005). Conclusion: Compared with the ipsilateral C-arm position (ML5), the contralateral C-arm position (LM25) showed a smaller range with a lower standard deviation in identifying the femoral MPFL approach across all measurement methods. Clinical Relevance: When applying the method according to Schöttle et al to locate the femoral MPFL insertion point, it should be noted that in the proximal-distal orientation, the femoral MPFL insertion point is situated proximal to the Blumensaat line in the contralateral view (LM25). In contrast, when using the ipsilateral view (ML5), the femoral MPFL footprint is positioned just distal to the proximal edge of the medial condyle
What do we know about the role of neoadjuvant targeted therapy in early-stage EGFR-mutant and ALK-fused non-small cell lung cancer?—a narrative review of the current literature
No full textBackground and Objective: The standard first-line treatment for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer '(NSCLC)' harbouring epidermal growth factor receptor '(EGFR)' mutations or anaplastic lymphoma kinase '(ALK)' fusions is targeted therapy using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, data are still lacking on the use of TKIs as a neoadjuvant or induction approach. Therefore, this narrative review aims to summarize the current knowledge on resectable 'EGFR-mutant' and 'ALK-fused' NSCLC regarding available perioperative treatment regimens and off-label neoadjuvant use of targeted therapy. Methods: The relevant literature was identified by using PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov (last search phase June 2024) and was restricted to English language. Peer-reviewed manuscripts but also conference abstracts that did not undergo peer-review were included. Key Content and Findings: Patients with 'EGFR-mutations' and 'ALK-fusions' have typically been excluded from available phase III perioperative immunotherapy trials due to lower efficacy and higher toxicity of immunotherapy in those patients. In the adjuvant setting, recent evidence from the phase III ALINA and ADAURA trials demonstrated efficacy and safety of targeted therapy in resected 'ALK-fused' and 'EGFR-mutant' NSCLC. However, to date there is no approval for the use of TKIs as neoadjuvant or induction therapy in those patients. We have therefore identified a number of case series and phase II trials using targeted therapy in resectable 'EGFR-mutant' and 'ALK-fused' NSCLC. Conclusions: Current evidence suggests that targeted therapies might be effective in patients with resectable 'EGFR-mutant' and 'ALK-positive' NSCLC, but ongoing trials will need to provide further evidence on the safety and efficacy of perioperative TKI therapy
Paradoxical sets and the Axiom of Choice
No full textParadoxe Mengen treten in vielen Bereichen der Mathematik auf. Diese Mengen werden unter Verwendung des Auswahlaxioms konstruiert und weisen kontraintuitive Eigenschaften auf, wie beispielsweise die Vitali-Menge oder das Banach-Tarski-Paradoxon. Die zentrale Frage dieser Arbeit ist, ob bestimmte Fragmente des Auswahlaxioms aus der Existenz spezifischer paradoxer Mengen abgeleitet werden können. Wir liefern mehrere negative Antworten auf diese Frage. Insbesondere zeigen wir, dass es Modelle der ZFC-Mengenlehre ohne eine Wohlordnung der reellen Zahlen gibt, die dennoch eine Zerlegung des dreidimensionalen euklidischen Raums in Einheitskreise enthalten. Darüber hinaus entwickeln wir einen allgemeinen Rahmen für die Konstruktion ähnlicher Modelle für andere paradoxe Mengen unter bestimmten Bedingungen der Erweiterbarkeit und Amalgamierung. Zudem präsentieren wir einige Ergebnisse zum Transzendenzgrad der reellen Zahlen über bestimmten mengentheoretischen Teilkörpern.Paradoxical sets appear in many areas of mathematics. These are sets that are constructed using the Axiom of Choice and exhibit counterintuitive properties, examples include the Vitali set and the Banach-Tarski paradox. The central question of this thesis is whether certain fragments of the Axiom of Choice can be recovered from the existence of specific paradoxical sets. We provide several negative answers to this question. In particular, we show that there exist models of ZFC without a well-ordering of the reals that still contain a partition of three-dimensional Euclidean space into unit circles. Furthermore, we develop a general framework for constructing similar models for other paradoxical sets, under certain conditions of extendability and amalgamation. We also include some results on the transcendence degree of the reals over certain set theoretical subfields
Social comparison selection in individuals with depression and the role of self-assessment and self-enhancement motives: An experimental investigation
No full textSocial comparison plays an important role in depression. However, the process of social comparison selection among depressed individuals remains understudied. This study investigated the choices made by individuals with elevated depression scores (assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-8) when exposed to vignettes depicting individuals with varying depression severity and coping ability. We experimentally activated either self-assessment or self-enhancement motives and had participants choose from four vignettes: (1) 'Mild Depression/Coping Well'; (2) 'Mild Depression/Coping Poorly'; (3) 'Severe Depression/Coping Well'; and (4) 'Severe Depression/Coping Poorly'. Our first hypothesis was that most participants would select the 'Mild Depression/Coping Well' vignette, presenting a potential upward social comparison standard (H1). Additionally, we expected higher depression scores to correlate with selecting vignettes featuring greater severity (H2). We further hypothesized that those in the self-enhancement condition would prefer 'coping poorly' vignettes more than those in the self-assessment condition (H3). We conducted a between-subject online experiment (N = 449). Confirming H1, most participants favored the 'Mild Depression/Coping Well' vignette, while the 'Severe Depression/Coping Poorly' vignette was least selected. Supporting H2, higher depression levels were linked to opting for alternative comparison standards over the 'Mild Depression/Coping Well' vignette. Contrary to H3, participants’ choices were not influenced by self-motives
A Cell Biologist’s View on APOL1: What We Know and What We Still Need to Address
No full text'APOL1' is the most recent member of the 'APOL' gene family and is expressed exclusively in humans and a few higher primates. More than twenty years ago, it was discovered that APOL1 protects humans from infections by trypanosome subspecies that cause African sleeping sickness. Interestingly, by a co-evolutionary process between parasite and host, two APOL1 variants emerged, which, in addition to their trypanotoxic effects, are simultaneously associated with a significantly increased risk for various different kidney diseases, which are now summarized as APOL1-mediated kidney diseases (AMKDs). The aim of this review is to highlight and formulate key aspects of APOL1’s cell biologic features, including questions and unaddressed aspects. This perspective may contribute to a deeper understanding of APOL1-associated cytotoxicity as well as AMKDs