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Forschungsbericht für das Jahr 2017:Fachbereich 06 - Erziehungswissenschaft und Sozialwissenschaften
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Heimvorteil in verschiedenen deutschen Fußballligen
No full textThis study investigates the presence and variation of home bias across different hierarchical
levels in German men’s football. Based on an extensive dataset comprising 357,530 matches
from the 2023/2024 season—collected via a Python script—the analysis includes match outcomes,
attendance figures, club locations, and prior season standings across 165 divisions in 28
football associations. These leagues span 13 hierarchical levels, from professional to amateur
football. The results show that home bias is significantly more pronounced in lower divisions.
This effect manifests itself through a higher frequency of home wins, fewer draws, and greater
sensitivity to travel distance in amateur divisions. In contrast, more professional leagues may
benefit from standardised conditions, which mitigate home bias. Overall, the findings highlight
the strong influence of professionalisation on competitive balance. The study contributes to a
deeper understanding of how contextual factors shape match outcomes and demonstrates the
need for differentiated analysis across league levels when examining behavioural biases in
sports.Diese Studie untersucht das Vorhandensein und die Unterschiede des Heimvorteils auf verschiedenen
Spielklassenebenen im deutschen Herrenfußball. Grundlage ist ein umfassender Datensatz mit 357.530 Begegnungen aus der Spielzeit 2023/2024, der mittels eines Python-Skripts zusammengestellt wurde. Die Analyse berücksichtigt Spielausgänge, Zuschauerzahlen,
Vereinsstandorte und Tabellenplatzierungen der Vorsaison aus 165 Spielklassen in 28 Landesverbänden. Diese Ligen verteilen sich auf 13 Spielklassenebenen vom Profi- bis zum Amateurbereich. Die Ergebnisse belegen, dass der Heimvorteil in unteren Spielklassen deutlich stärker
ausgeprägt ist. Dies zeigt sich durch eine höhere Quote an Heimsiegen, weniger Remis und eine
stärkere Abhängigkeit von Anfahrtswegen in Amateurligen. Stärker professionalisierte Ligen dagegen profitieren vermutlich von einheitlicheren Rahmenbedingungen, die den Heimvorteil abschwächen. Insgesamt unterstreichen die Erkenntnisse den erheblichen Einfluss der Professionalisierung auf die Ausgeglichenheit des Wettbewerbs. Die Untersuchung trägt zu einem besseren Verständnis bei, wie Rahmenbedingungen die Spielergebnisse beeinflussen, und verdeutlicht die Notwendigkeit einer differenzierten Betrachtung über verschiedene Spielklassen hinweg bei der Analyse von Verhaltensmustern im Sport
Host-pathogen interaction: Enterobacter cloacae exerts different adhesion and invasion capacities against different host cell types
No full textNew antibiotics are urgently needed due to the huge increase of multidrug-resistant bacteria. The underexplored gram-negative bacterium 'Enterobacter cloacae' is known to cause severe urinary tract and lung infections (UTIs). The pathogenicity of 'E. cloacae' in UTI has only been studied at the bioinformatic level, but until now not within systematic 'in vitro' investigations. The present study assesses different human cell lines for monitoring the early steps of host-pathogen interaction regarding bacterial adhesion to and invasion into different host cells by flow cytometric adhesion assay, classical cell counting assay, gentamicin invasion assay, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. To our knowledge, this is the first report in which 'E. cloacae' has been investigated for its interaction with human bladder, kidney, skin, and lung cell lines under in vitro conditions. Data indicate that 'E. cloacae' exerts strong adhesion to urinary tract (bladder and kidney) and lung cells, a finding which correlates with the clinical relevance of the bacterium for induction of urinary tract and lung infections. Furthermore, 'E. cloacae' ATCC 13047 barely adheres to skin cells (A-431) and shows no relevant interaction with intestinal cells (Caco-2, HT-29), even in the presence of mucin (HT29 MTX). In contrast, invasion assays and confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrate that 'E. cloacae' internalizes in all tested host cells, but to a different extent. Especially, bladder and kidney cells are being invaded to the highest extent. Defective mutants of fimH and fimA abolished the adhesion of 'E. cloacae' to T24 cells, while csgA deletion had no influence on adhesion. These results indicate that 'E. cloacae' has different pattern for adhesion and invasion depending on the target tissue, which again correlates with the clinical relevance of the pathogen. For detailed investigation of the early host-pathogen interaction T24 bladder cells comprise a suitable assay system for evaluation the bacterial adhesion and invasion
Implementing Augmented Reality Models in the Classroom Environment Using Merge Cubes: A Quantitative Study of the Effects on Students’ Cognitive Load and Motivation
No full textThe present study investigates the extent to which the use of Merge Cubes as haptic AR tools in the classroom—realized in construction technology lessons at a vocational college as an exemplary case—influences the cognitive load and motivation of learners. A quasi-experimental field study was conducted using a questionnaire in a pre-post design including a control group at a vocational college in Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia). During the intervention phase, the students in the experimental group worked with materials such as textbooks and worksheets that were specifically expanded to include the Merge Cube AR learning tool, while the students in the control group only used conventional learning materials. In both the pre- and post-test, the cognitive load and motivation of the learners were recorded using questionnaires. The results indicate that the use of Merge Cubes can reduce cognitive load: the extraneous cognitive load of the experimental group decreased over the course of the intervention, whereas that for the control group increased significantly in comparison. In addition, the germane cognitive load increased slightly in the experimental group, whereas that for the control group decreased. With regard to the intrinsic motivation of the learners, both groups recorded an increase, although the difference between the two groups was not significant. Based on these results, further factors influencing the effect on learning and implications for the practical use of the Merge Cube in the classroom are discussed, the concrete validation of which requires further research
Lernumgebungen im Mathematikunterricht der Grundschule:Eine Studie zur Ausprägung fachdidaktischer Kompetenzen von Lehramtsstudierenden sowie Lehramtsanwärterinnen und Lehramtsanwärtern
No full textMit einer qualitativen Vergleichsstudie werden Zusammenhänge zwischen dem fachdidaktischen Wissen von Lehramtsstudierenden sowie von Lehramtsanwärterinnen und -anwärtern und der mathematikdidaktisch reflektierten Analyse der Potenziale mathematischer Lernumgebungen aufgezeigt. Zudem wird mit einer Interventionsstudie untersucht, ob gezielte universitäre Lehrangebote die fachdidaktische Kompetenz von Lehramtsstudierenden im Umgang mit mathematischen Lernumgebungen erweitern. Entsprechende Empfehlungen für die erste und die zweite Phase der Lehrkräftebildung werden formuliert
Machine learning in recruiting: predicting personality from CVs and short text responses
No full textAssessing the psychological characteristics of job applicants—including their vocational interests or personality traits—has been a corner stone of hiring processes for decades. While traditional forms of such assessments require candidates to self-report their characteristics via questionnaire measures, recent research suggests that computers can predict people's psychological traits from the digital footprints they leave online (e.g., their Facebook profiles, Twitter posts or credit card spending). Although such models become increasingly available via third-party providers, the use of external data in the hiring process poses considerable ethical and legal challenges. In this paper, we examine the predictability of personality traits from models that are trained exclusively on data generated during the recruiting process. Specifically, we leverage information from CVs and free-text answers collected as part of a real-world, high-stakes recruiting process in combination with natural language processing to predict applicants' Big Five personality traits (N = 8,313 applicants). We show that the models provide consistent moderate predictive accuracy when comparing the machine learning-based predictions with the self-reported personality traits (average r = 0.25), outperforming recruiter judgments reported in prior literature. Although the models only capture a comparatively small part of the variance in self-reports, our findings suggest that they might still be relevant in practice by showing that automated predictions of personality are just as good (and sometimes better) at predicting key external criteria for job matching (i.e., vocational interests) as self-reported assessments
Transmigrationsnarrative:Mehrfachmigration und Erinnerungskulturen in der britischen kolonialen Diaspora
No full textThis study explores the potential of transferring the concept of transmigration from the social sciences to anglophone literary and cultural studies to further our understanding of complex forms of mobility (especially multiple migration), translocal identities and their narrativisation. Part 1 explains theoretical foundations regarding transmigration and its relation to diaspora studies in general, spatial theory, transnationalism, globalisation, cosmopolitanism, transculturalism and memory studies. Part 2 is a case study of the Normanist community and its successive 19th-century migrations from the United Kingdom to Canada, Australia and New Zealand, and of the representation of transmigrant identity and memory in literary and nonliterary texts, as well as other forms of cultural expression, from the 19th to the 21st century. This is followed by an outline of further potential case studies and conceptual implications for future work on transmigration in anglophone literary and cultural studies.Die Arbeit untersucht die Übertragbarkeit des sozialwissenschaftlichen Konzepts der Transmigration in die anglistische Literatur- und Kulturwissenschaft als Beitrag zum Verständnis komplexer Formen von Mobilität (hier v.a. Mehrfachmigration), translokaler Identiiäten und deren narrativer Aushandlung. Teil 1 erschließt theoretische Grundlagen zum Transmigrationskonzept und dessen Bezügen zu anderen Bereichen der Migrations- und Diasporaforschung, zur Raumtheorie sowie zu Transnationalismus-, Globalisierungs-, Kosmopolitismus-, Transkulturalismus- und Gedächtnisforschung. Teil 2 ist eine Fallstudie zur Normanist*innengemeinde, die im 19. Jh. von Großbritannien über Kanada und Australien nach Neuseeland auswanderte, sowie zu diesbezüglichen Identitäts- und Erinnerungsdiskursen (19.-21. Jh.) in Literatur sowie anderen Textsorten und kulturellen Ausdrucksformen. Es folgt ein Ausblick auf weitere Fallbeispiele und konzeptuelle Implikationen für künftige anglistische Transmigrationsforschung
Nuclease activity and protein A release of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates determine the virulence in a murine model of acute lung infection
No full text'Staphylococcus aureus' is a common cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia associated with high mortality. Adequate clinical treatment is impeded by increasing occurrence of antibiotic resistances. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of its virulence during infections is a prerequisite to finding alternative treatments. Here, we demonstrated that an increased nuclease activity of a 'S. aureus' isolate from a person with cystic fibrosis confers a growth advantage in a model of acute lung infection compared to the isogenic strain with low nuclease activity. Comparing these CF-isolates with a common MRSA-USA300 strain with similarly high nuclease activity but significantly elevated levels of Staphylococcal Protein A (SpA) revealed that infection with USA300 resulted in a significantly increased bacterial burden in a model of murine lung infection. Replenishment with the cell wall-bound SpA of 'S. aureus', which can also be secreted into the environment and binds to tumor necrosis factor receptor -1 (TNFR-1) to the CF-isolates abrogated these differences. 'In vitro' experiments confirmed significant differences in 'spa-expression' between USA300 compared to CF-isolates, thereby influencing TNFR-1 shedding, L-selectin shedding, and production of reactive oxygen species through activation of ADAM17
Observed to expected lung area to head circumference ratio (O/E LHR) in fetuses with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT): assessment and evaluation as predictive factor for acute postnatal outcome—a single center study
No full textIntroduction: To assess the observed to expected lung area to head circumference ratio (O/E LHR) in fetuses with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) and to explore its value as a potential predictive factor for postnatal outcome. Methods: A retrospective single-center study was conducted on pregnancies complicated by CAKUT between 2007 and 2018. The lung-to-head ratio (LHR) was calculated for each fetus by two independent observers. Correlations between O/E LHR and various perinatal outcome factors were assessed with Spearman's rank correlation. Furthermore, nominal logistic regression was performed to assess O/E LHR as predictive factor for respiratory distress in newborn. Results: Of 64 pregnancies complicated by CAKUT, 23 were terminated. In the 41 cases of continuation of pregnancy, newborn presenting respiratory distress with need for respiratory support in the delivery room showed earlier gestational age at onset of amniotic fluid abnormalities and at birth. Although median O/E LHR and median single deepest pocket (SDP) of amniotic fluid were significantly smaller in newborn that did develop respiratory distress with need of respiratory support in the delivery room, neither O/E LHR nor SDP were accurate predictors for the development of respiratory distress. Conclusions: Our data show that O/E LHR alone cannot serve as a predictive marker for fetal outcome in pregnancies complicated by CAKUT, though it might still be a helpful parameter together with detailed renal ultrasound evaluation, onset of amniotic fluid abnormality and SDP, particularly in its extreme values