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Forschungsbericht für das Jahr 2016:Fachbereich 06 - Erziehungswissenschaft und Sozialwissenschaften
No full textImpact of enzyme replacement therapy and migalastat on left atrial strain and cardiomyopathy in patients with Fabry disease
No full textAims: Cardiomyopathy in Fabry disease (FD) is a major determinant of morbidity and mortality. This study investigates the effects of FD-specific treatment using enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and chaperone therapy on left atrial (LA) function using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2DSTE). Methods and results: In this prospective observational single-center study, 20 FD patients [10 (50%) females] treated with migalastat, 48 FD patients [24 (50%) females] treated with ERT (agalsidase-alfa and agalsidase-beta), and 30 untreated FD patients (all females) as controls were analyzed. The mean follow-up time ranged from 26 to 81 months. 2DSTE was performed for left ventricle strain, right ventricle strain, and LA strain (LAS). FD-specific treated patients presented with increased left ventricular mass index (LVMi) and higher frequency of left ventricular hypertrophy at baseline, whereas untreated control patients showed normal baseline values. FD-specific treated (including migalastat and ERT) patients showed stabilization of LAS over time (p > 0.05). LVMi was also stable in treated FD patients during observation (p > 0.05). Conclusion: In patients with FD, treated with either ERT or chaperone therapy, LAS values measured by echocardiographic speckle tracking were stable over time, pointing toward disease stabilization
Impact of Routine and Selective Preoperative Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography with Stent Placement on Postoperative and Oncologic Outcomes Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
No full textBackground: According to current guidelines, preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with biliary stenting (ERCP/stenting) is often necessary in patients with obstructive jaundice due to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), including severe jaundice (bilirubin > 250 umol/l), pruritus, cholangitis, cholestatic liver dysfunction, renal failure, severe malnutrition, or delayed surgery for tumors requiring neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We aimed to investigate the impact of preoperative ERCP/stenting on postoperative and long-term outcomes following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for PDAC. Methods: Clinicopathological data of patients who underwent partial/total PD for PDAC between 2012 and 2019 in two hepato-pancreato-biliary centers in Germany and Switzerland were assessed. We compared patients treated with preoperative ERCP/stenting with those directly undergoing surgery according to postoperative morbidity, postoperative mortality, overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Results: During the study period, 192 patients underwent partial/total PD for PDAC. ERCP/stenting was performed in 105 patients, and 87 patients underwent resection without prior intervention. Postoperative 90-day overall morbidity rate (71% vs. 56%, p = 0.029) and superficial surgical site infection (SSI) rate (39% vs. 17%, p < 0.001) were significantly worse following preoperative ERCP/stenting. Major postoperative morbidity rate (18% vs. 21%, p = 0.650), organ/space SSI rate (7% vs. 14%, p = 0.100), and 90-day postoperative mortality rate (4% vs. 2%, p = 0.549) did not significantly differ between the two groups. After excluding 44 patients for whom the indication for ERCP/stenting was not consistent with current guidelines, ERCP/stenting was associated with a higher superficial SSI rate (36% vs. 17%, p = 0.009) and shorter length of stay (12 vs. 16 days, p = 0.004). Median OS (ERCP/stenting: 18 months vs. no ERCP/stenting: 23 months, p = 0.490) and median DFS (ERCP/stenting: 14 months vs. no ERCP/stenting: 18 months, p = 0.645) were independent from the utilization of ERCP/stenting. Conclusions: Preoperative ERCP/stenting in patients with PDAC can be performed without increasing organ/space SSI, major perioperative morbidity, and mortality rates and without worsening oncologic outcomes. However, it is associated with higher superficial SSI rates. If ERCP/stenting is not performed routinely but according to current guidelines, it is also associated with a shorter length of hospital stay. Further refinement of the indications for preoperative ERCP/stenting may reduce superficial SSI rates
Künstliche Intelligenz in der Primarstufe:Perspektiven für den Mathematikunterricht, die Lehramtsaus- und -fortbildung sowie für die mathematikdidaktische Forschung
No full textDer Einsatz von Technologien der Künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) im Grundschulbereich beschränkt sich nicht nur auf die Verwendung durch Lehrkräfte. Wie verändert sich dadurch der Mathematikunterricht in der Primarstufe? Da mithilfe von Landeslizenzen KI-Technologien aktuell in kürzester Zeit in den Schulraum gelangen, ist mathematikdidaktische Forschung bezüglich dieser Technologie notwendig.
Der vorliegende Band hat das Ziel aktuelle Forschungsaktivitäten zusammenzufassen und mögliche Szenarien des KI-Einsatzes im Primarstufenbereich zu präsentieren. Dabei wurden Beiträge fokussiert, die eine digitale Grundbildung im Unterricht der Primarstufe ermöglichen und einen besonderen Fokus auf künstliche Intelligenz legen.
Im Band werden Beiträge zu zwei Einsatzbereichen vorgestellt: KI für Lernende im Mathematikunterricht der Primarstufe und KI in der Aus- und Weiterbildung von Primarstufenlehrkräften
Localized states in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates: To be or not to be of second order
No full textWe report the existence of localized patterned states in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates confined to a tubular geometry. We first perform a bifurcation analysis to track their emergence in an effective one-dimensional domain and find that localized states can become the ground state in suitable parameter regions. Their existence for parameters featuring a supercritical superfluid-supersolid bifurcation shows that supercriticallity is not sufficient to conclude that the phase transition is of second order; hence, density modulations can jump rather than emerge gradually. Finally, we illustrate that localized states also exist in a three-dimensional domain
Towards a model theory of Frobenius lifts:valued difference fields and definable henselian valuations
No full textWir befassen uns mit zwei verschiedenen Fragen in der Modelltheorie bewerteter Körper.
Chapter 3: In Kollaboration mit Margarete Ketelsen und Piotr Szewczyk untersuchen wir die Frage der Lring-Definierbarkeit von nicht-trivialen henselschen Bewertungsringen. Aufbauend auf Ergebnissen von Jahnke und Koenigsmann liefern wir eine Charakterisierung von henselschen Körpern, die eine nicht-triviale definierbare henselsche Bewertung besitzen. Insbesondere behandeln wir Fälle, in denen die kanonische henselsche Bewertung positive Restklassencharakteristik besitzt. Wir verwenden dazu Techniken aus Modelltheorie und Algebra von zahmen Körper.
Chapter 4: Wir beweisen relative Quantorenelimination für bewertete Körper der Restklassencharakteristik null, die mit einem nicht-surjektiven Endomorphismus ausgestattet sind, und bauen dabei auf der jüngsten Arbeit von Dor und Halevi auf. Insbesondere folgern wir daraus relative Quantorenelimination für den Ultralimes der Frobenius-Wirkung auf separabel abgeschlossenen bewerteten Körpern positiver Charakteristik
Preventing smartphone induction of magnet mode in cardiac implantable electronic devices
No full textAims: Wireless charging capable smartphones may interact with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED). We hypothesized that magnetic shielding with a steel plate placed at the back of a smartphone may prevent interaction.
Methods and results: Sixteen CIED (6 pacemakers and 10 implantable cardioverters/defibrillators) from all manufacturers were consecutively implanted in a subcutaneous and submuscular location in an isolated porcine thorax and connected to an interactive heart simulator. Two smartphones (Apple iPhone 14 and Google Pixel 8 Pro) were placed on top of the implantation site, and signs of magnet mode induction were recorded. The Apple iPhone induced magnet mode in seven of 16 (44%) subcutaneously placed CIED. Placed in a magnetic phone case, the Apple iPhone induced magnet mode in six of 16 (38%) devices. Magnet mode induction was successfully prevented in all cases by placing a 1 mm thin steel plate at the back of the smartphone. The Google Pixel did not induce magnet mode in any of the 16 devices, even with a magnetic case. Submuscular CIED placement resulted in no occurrence of magnet mode induction by any smartphone. All devices were still able to be interrogated and responded to a CIED magnet.
Conclusion: The Apple iPhone induces magnet mode in close to half of subcutaneously placed CIED due to its MagSafe magnet. Neither a smartphone utilizing the Qi wireless charging standard nor magnetic smartphone cases confer the same risk. Submuscular CIED placement or magnetic shielding with a steel plate prevents magnet mode induction. The future Qi2.0 standard may exacerbate interaction risks