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Zitat
No full textEin Zitat ist eine wörtlich oder sinngemäß angeführte Textstelle aus einem fremden Text, eine referentielle Wiedergabe eines Werkes (Bild, Film, Text, Musik u. ä.) oder eines Teils eines Werks oder Verweis darauf in einem anderen Werk bzw. neuen Kontext. Praktiken des Zitierens sind in oralen wie in schriftbasierten Kulturen verbreitet und in alten Schriftzeugnissen vielfältig dokumentiert. Insgesamt wirft der Begriff des Zitats Fragen nach dem Verhältnis und der Wechselbezüglichkeit von Eigenem und Fremdem sowie Neuem und Altem auf. Das Zitat steht damit an der Schwelle zwischen Aneignung und Anerkennung, geistigem Eigentum und Wissen als Gemeingut, Wissenschaft und Plagiat, Kunst und Kopie. Die vorliegende philologische und rechtswissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung mit dem Zitat führt verschiedene Perspektiven zusammen. Neben verschiedenen Definitionen und Zitattypen werden auch Zitatfunktionen, Zitierpraxis in der Wissenschaft sowie Zitationsanalyse eingehender diskutiert.The german concept of quotation or citation ('Zitat') refers to a passage from a different text that is cited verbatim or analogously, a referential reproduction of a work (picture, film, text, music, etc.), or part of a work or a reference to it in another work or a new context. Citation practices are common in both oral and writing-based cultures. The concept of quoting or citing raises questions concerning the interdependency of the speaker's own voice and the appropriation of other voices as well as the relationship of old and new. Quotation or citation thus stands at the threshold between appropriation and acknowledgment, scholarship and plagiarism, art and copy, intellectual property and public domain. This article about the phenomenon 'Zitat' connects a philological and a legal perspective on the topic. Therefore, it is not only concerned with different definitions and types of citations, but also deals with functions of citations, academic citation practices and citation analysis
Zur Rekonstruktion von Arbeitsaufgaben des betrieblichen Bildungspersonals in den Pflege- und Therapieberufen:Ein empirischer Ansatz im Modus berufswissenschaftlicher Forschung
No full textIn der vorliegenden Untersuchung werden die in der Arbeitsrealität tatsächlich wahrgenommenen Arbeitsaufgaben des betrieblichen Bildungspersonals (BBP) der Pflege- und Therapieberufe mittels des berufswissenschaftlichen Instrumentes der Expert*innen-Facharbeiter*innen-Workshops empirisch rekonstruiert und zu den domänenübergreifenden Professionalisierungsdiskursen bzgl. dieser Akteur*innengruppe in Bezug gesetzt. Es zeigt sich, dass das tatsächliche Aufgabenspektrum weit über die einschlägigen, normativ gesetzten Aufgabenkanons hinausreicht, die in der Regel auf eng umrissene Ausbildungsaufgaben abstellen. Neben Ausbildungsaufgaben werden z. B. Aufgaben in den Bereichen Fort- und Weiterbildung, Berufsorientierung oder Fachkräftegewinnung und -bindung wahrgenommen. Aufgrund dieser Aufgabenvielfalt kann das BBP der Pflege- und Therapieberufe als Gruppe von betrieblichen Berufsbildungsgeneralist*innen gekennzeichnet werden, woraus sich gleichermaßen Professionalisierungserfordernisse wie -hindernisse ergeben
Büchlein von der Liebe Gottes (niederdt.):Dat boek van der warafftigen vnde rechten leue gades
No full textCervical body composition on radiotherapy planning computed tomography scans predicts overall survival in glioblastoma patients
No full textBackground and purpose: Glioblastoma (GBM) patients face a strongly unfavorable prognosis despite multimodal therapy regimens. However, individualized mortality prediction remains imprecise. Harnessing routine radiation planning cranial computed tomography (CT) scans, we assessed cervical body composition measures as novel biomarkers for overall survival (OS) in GBM patients. Materials and methods: We performed threshold-based semi-automated quantification of muscle and subcutaneous fat cross-sectional area (CSA) at the levels of the first and second cervical vertebral body. First, we tested this method’s validity by correlating cervical measures to established abdominal body composition in an open-source whole-body CT cohort. We then identified consecutive patients undergoing radiation planning for recent GBM diagnosis at our institution from 2010 to 2020 and quantified cervical body composition on radiation planning CT scans. Finally, we performed univariable and multivariable time-to-event analyses, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, comorbidities, performance status, extent of surgical resection, extent of tumor at diagnosis, and MGMT methylation. Results: Cervical body composition measurements were well-correlated with established abdominal markers (Spearman’s rho greater than 0.68 in all cases). Subsequently, we included 324 GBM patients in our study cohort (median age 63 years, 60.8% male). 293 (90.4%) patients died during follow-up. Median survival time was 13 months. Patients with below-average muscle CSA or above-average fat CSA demonstrated shorter survival. In multivariable analyses, continuous cervical muscle measurements remained independently associated with OS. Conclusion: This exploratory study establishes novel cervical body composition measures routinely available on cranial radiation planning CT scans and confirms their association with OS in patients diagnosed with GBM
Characterization of autofluorescence and quantitative protoporphyrin IX biomarkers for optical spectroscopy-guided glioma surgery
No full text5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-mediated fluorescence does not effectively depict low grade gliomas (LGG) or the infiltrative tumor portion of high-grade gliomas (HGG). While spectroscopy improves sensitivity and precision, this is currently limited by autofluorescence and a second protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence state at 620 nm. We investigated the autofluorescence to better characterize the present spectra and thus increase PpIX quantification precision and sensitivity. This study included 128 patients undergoing surgery for malignant glioma. 5-ALA (Gliolan) was administered before anesthesia, and fluorescence was measured using a hyperspectral device. It was found that all 2692 measured spectra consisted of contributions from 620 to 634 nm PpIX, NADH, lipofuscin, and flavins. The basis spectra were characterized and their use in spectral unmixing led to 82.4% lower fitting error for weakly fluorescing areas (p < 0.001), and 92.3% fewer false positive tumor identifications in control measurements (p = 0.0065) compared to previous works. They also decreased the PpIX620 contribution, thus halving the mean Ratio620/634 (p < 0.001). The ratio was approximately 0 for HGGs and increasing for LGGs, as demonstrated previously. Additionally, the Ratio620/634, the MIB-1/Ki-67 proliferation index, and the PpIX peak blue-shift were found to be significantly related to WHO grade, fluorescence visibility, and PpIX contribution (p < 0.001), and the value of these three as quantitative biomarkers is discussed
Clinical features of BK-polyomavirus and cytomegalovirus co-infection after kidney transplantation
No full textBK polyomavirus (BKPyV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are the main viral pathogens affecting the graft and recipient outcome after allogenic kidney transplantation. It has recently been found that infection with both viruses has a greater impact on kidney graft function than a single infection. We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 723 recipients who received kidney transplantation between 2007 and 2015 after living and postmortal donation for differences in risk and outcome parameters regarding BKPyV (DNAemia) and CMV (CMV DNAemia) co-infection compared to sole viremias and to patients without viremia. Of all kidney allograft recipients in our cohort, 8.2% developed co-infection with BKPyV DNAemia and CMV DNAemia, 15.1% showed BKPyV viremia alone and 25.2% sole CMV DNAemia. Acute rejection was closely linked with co-infection (multivariable analysis, p = 0.001). Despite the fact that the estimated glomerular filtration rate of patients with co-infection was noticeably reduced compared to patients with BKV or CMV infection alone, transplant survival and patient survival were not significantly reduced. Co-infection with BKPyV and CMV in kidney transplanted patients is significantly associated with inferior allograft function. Since co-infection is strongly associated with acute rejection, co-infected individuals should be considered a risk collective
Cognitive-motor multitasking in older adults: a randomized controlled study on the effects of individual differences on training success
No full textBackground: Multitasking is an essential part of our everyday life, but performance declines typically in older age. Many studies have investigated the beneficial effects of cognitive, motor and combined cognitive-motor training on multitasking performance in older adults. Previous work, however, has not regarded interindividual differences in cognitive functioning and motor fitness that may affect training benefits. The current study aims to identify whether different training programs may have differential effects on multitasking performance depending on the initial level of cognitive functioning and motor fitness. Methods: We conduct a 12-week single-blinded randomized controlled trial. A total of N = 150 healthy older adults are assigned to either a single cognitive, a single motor, or a simultaneous cognitive-motor training. Participants are trained twice per week for 45 min. A comprehensive test battery assesses cognitive functions, motor and cardiovascular fitness, and realistic multitasking during walking and driving in two virtual environments. We evaluate how multitasking performance is related not only to the training program, but also to participants’ initial levels of cognitive functioning and motor fitness. Discussion: We expect that multitasking performance in participants with lower initial competence in either one or both domains (cognitive functioning, motor fitness) benefits more from single-task training (cognitive training and/or motor training). In contrast, multitasking performance in participants with higher competence in both domains should benefit more from multitask training (simultaneous cognitive-motor training). The results may help to identify whether tailored training is favorable over standardized one-size-fits all training approaches to improve multitasking in older adults. In addition, our findings will advance the understanding of factors that influence training effects on multitasking. Trial registration: DRKS (German Clinical Trials Register), DRKS00022407. Registered 26/08/2020 - Retrospectively registered at https://www.drks.de/drks_web/setLocale_EN.d
Das deutschsprachige Gerichtsdrama
No full textDieser Artikel zeichnet die Geschichte des deutschsprachigen Gerichtsdramas ausgehend von seinen Anfängen im Mittelalter in Form von Fastnachtspielen bis in die Gegenwart nach. In der Frühen Neuzeit erhält das Gerichtsdrama dann eine stärkere politische Ausrichtung, bevor es im 20. Jahrhundert in Deutschland einen regelrechten Boom erlebt. In der Weimarer Republik hat das Gerichtstheater als Zeitstück Konjunktur: Aktuelle und öffentlichkeitswirksame Gerichtsprozesse werden im Theater neu aufgerollt, meist mit dem Ziel einer Justizkritik. Texten aus dem 20. Jahrhundert, die das Urteil schon mitliefern und ihr Publikum auf ein gemeinsames (Ver-) Urteilen einschwören, stehen jüngere Gerichtsdramen gegenüber, die ihr Publikum das Urteilen als Entscheidungsdilemma erfahren lassen.This article traces the history of the courtroom drama in Germany, beginning with the Middle Ages' carnival plays and leading up into the present. During the Early Modern period, the courtroom drama received a more strongly political orientation, before it experienced a real boom in the 20th century. In the Weimar Republic, the courtroom drama is in great demand as the contemporary play: Current and public court trials are newly staged in theatre, usually with the aim of criticizing the justice system. Texts from the 20th century, that already include the judgment and swear their audience to a joint sentencing, are contrasted with newer courtroom dramas, that let their audience experience the act of judging as a dilemma in decision-making
Developing consensus on core outcome domains and measurement instruments for assessing effectiveness in perioperative pain management after sternotomy, breast cancer surgery, total knee arthroplasty, and surgery related to endometriosis:The IMI-PainCare PROMPT protocol for achieving a consensus on core outcome domains
No full textIntroduction: Evidence synthesis of clinical trials requires consistent outcome assessment. For pain management after surgery, inconsistency of effectiveness assessment is still observed. A subproject of IMI-PainCare (Innovative Medicine Initiatives, www.imi-paincare.eu) aims for identifying core outcome domains and measurement instruments for postoperative pain in four surgical fields (sternotomy, breast cancer surgery, total knee arthroplasty, and surgery related to endometriosis) in order to harmonize outcome assessment for perioperative pain management.
Methods: A multifaceted process will be performed according to existing guidelines (Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET), COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN)). In a first step, outcome domains will be identified via systematic literature review and consented on during a 1-day consensus meeting by 10 stakeholder groups, including patient representatives, forming an IMI PROMPT consensus panel. In a second step, outcome measurement instruments regarding the beforehand consented core outcome domains and their psychometric properties will be searched for via systematic literature review and approved by COSMIN checklist for study quality and scale quality separately. In a three-step online survey, the IMI PROMPT consensus panel will vote for most suitable measurement instruments. The process is planned to be conducted between 11/2017 (systematic literature review on common outcome domains) and 3/2022 (final voting on core outcome measurement)
Die Differenz von Glaube und Unglaube bei Dietrich Bonhoeffer
No full textDie Differenz zwischen Glaube und Unglaube scheint zunächst eindeutig zu sein. Allerdings wird es tatsächlich unklar, wenn man den Glauben und den Unglauben im Zusammenhang mit dem menschlichen Leben betrachtet, welches als Bühne der Verwirklichung des Glaubens und Unglaubens dient. Dies liegt daran, dass die menschliche Existenz noch immer im Zwiespalt zwischen dem Glauben und der Sünde steht. Die vorliegende Dissertation erforscht die Beziehung zwischen Glaube und Unglaube aus der Perspektive Bonhoeffers im Hinblick auf Bekenntnis, Sakramente, Christus und Rechtfertigung