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Digitaler Mathematikunterricht in Forschung und Praxis:Tagungsband zur Vernetzungstagung 2022 in Siegen
No full textDie digitale Transformation im Bildungsbereich bietet vielfältige Potenziale für das Lehren und Lernen im Unterricht und stellt alle beteiligten Akteure dabei auch vor große Hürden. Für den Mathema-tikunterricht ergeben sich viele fachspezifische Chancen und Herausforderungen, die auf der Vernetzungstagung 2023 zum Thema "Mathematikunterricht mit digitalen Medien und Werkzeugen in Schule und Forschung" in Siegen diskutiert wurden. Hierzu kamen Mathematikdidaktiker*innen, Lehrer*innen, Schüler*innen, Akteure der Schulpolitik sowie Eltern zusammen und haben sich über konkrete Ideen und spannende übergeordnete Fragestellungen ausgetauscht. Der vorliegende Tagungsband stellt wesentliche Ergebnisse der Vorträge, Workshops, Postervorstellungen und Diskussionsrunden vor. Die Vielfalt der Beiträge zeigt, dass das Thema Digitalisierung im Mathematikunterricht ein sehr aktives Forschungsfeld in Deutschland ist. Die verschiedenen Beiträge reichen von konkreten Unterrichtsideen über theoretische Beiträge bis hin zu empirischen Forschungsarbeiten. Ebenso lässt sich eine große Anzahl von unterschiedlichen Medienarten identifizieren, die in den Beiträgen betrachtet werden (z.B. 3D-Drucker, Lernvideos, Audio-Podcasts, Apps). In seiner Gesamtheit bildet der Tagungsband somit eine hervorragende Basis für die weitere Entwicklung des Themas
Discriminating Healthy Optic Discs and Visible Optic Disc Drusen on Fundus Autofluorescence and Color Fundus Photography Using Deep Learning—A Pilot Study
No full textThe aim of this study was to use deep learning based on a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) for automated image classification of healthy optic discs (OD) and visible optic disc drusen (ODD) on fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and color fundus photography (CFP). In this study, a total of 400 FAF and CFP images of patients with ODD and healthy controls were used. A pre-trained multi-layer Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) was trained and validated independently on FAF and CFP images. Training and validation accuracy and cross-entropy were recorded. Both generated DCNN classifiers were tested with 40 FAF and CFP images (20 ODD and 20 controls). After the repetition of 1000 training cycles, the training accuracy was 100%, the validation accuracy was 92% (CFP) and 96% (FAF), respectively. The cross-entropy was 0.04 (CFP) and 0.15 (FAF). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the DCNN for classification of FAF images was 100%. For the DCNN used to identify ODD on color fundus photographs, sensitivity was 85%, specificity 100%, and accuracy 92.5%. Differentiation between healthy controls and ODD on CFP and FAF images was possible with high specificity and sensitivity using a deep learning approach
Early and late electrophysiological correlates of gradual perceptual awareness in- and outside the Attentional Blink window
No full textThere is an ongoing debate on the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) in the attentional blink (AB). Theoretical accounts propose that NCC during the attentional blink occur late in the processing hierarchy and that this quality is specific to the AB. We investigated this question by recording event-related potentials during an AB experiment with faces as T2. We analyzed ERPs to T2 stimuli inside (short lag) and outside (long lag) the AB window after carefully calibrating T2 stimuli to ensure equal visibility ratings across lags. We found that the N170, the visual awareness negativity (VAN), and the P3b showed an increased amplitude for seen compared to unseen face stimuli regardless of stimulus lag and that all these components scale linearly with subjective visibility. These findings suggest similar early and late mechanisms of graded perceptual awareness within and outside the AB across perceptual (N170, VAN) and post-perceptual (P3b) processing stages
Easy ultrastructural insight into the internal morphology of biological specimens by Atomic Force Microscopy
No full textAs a topographical technique, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) needs to establish direct interactions between a given sample and the measurement probe in order to create imaging information. The elucidation of internal features of organisms, tissues and cells by AFM has therefore been a challenging process in the past. To overcome this hindrance, simple and fast embedding, sectioning and dehydration techniques are presented, allowing the easy access to the internal morphology of virtually any organism, tissue or cell by AFM. The study at hand shows the applicability of the proposed protocol to exemplary biological samples, the resolution currently allowed by the approach as well as advantages and shortcomings compared to classical ultrastructural microscopic techniques like electron microscopy. The presented cheap, facile, fast and non-toxic experimental protocol might introduce AFM as a universal tool for the elucidation of internal ultrastructural detail of virtually any given organism, tissue or cell
Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Eating Behaviour and Physical Activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey
No full textBackground: Public health recommendations and governmental measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in numerous restrictions on daily living including social distancing, isolation and home confinement. While these measures are imperative to abate the spreading of COVID-19, the impact of these restrictions on health behaviours and lifestyles at home is undefined. Therefore, an international online survey was launched in April 2020, in seven languages, to elucidate the behavioural and lifestyle consequences of COVID-19 restrictions. This report presents the results from the first thousand responders on physical activity (PA) and nutrition behaviours. Methods: Following a structured review of the literature, the "Effects of home Confinement on multiple Lifestyle Behaviours during the COVID-19 outbreak (ECLB-COVID19)" Electronic survey was designed by a steering group of multidisciplinary scientists and academics. The survey was uploaded and shared on the Google online survey platform. Thirty-five research organisations from Europe, North-Africa, Western Asia and the Americas promoted the survey in English, German, French, Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese and Slovenian languages. Questions were presented in a differential format, with questions related to responses "before" and "during" confinement conditions. Results: 1047 replies (54% women) from Asia (36%), Africa (40%), Europe (21%) and other (3%) were included in the analysis. The COVID-19 home confinement had a negative effect on all PA intensity levels (vigorous, moderate, walking and overall). Additionally, daily sitting time increased from 5 to 8 h per day. Food consumption and meal patterns (the type of food, eating out of control, snacks between meals, number of main meals) were more unhealthy during confinement, with only alcohol binge drinking decreasing significantly. Conclusion: While isolation is a necessary measure to protect public health, results indicate that it alters physical activity and eating behaviours in a health compromising direction. A more detailed analysis of survey data will allow for a segregation of these responses in different age groups, countries and other subgroups, which will help develop interventions to mitigate the negative lifestyle behaviours that have manifested during the COVID-19 confinement
Efficacy of COVID-19 Booster Vaccines in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies: Experiences in a Real-World Scenario
No full textBackground: Two-dose COVID-19 vaccination often results in poor humoral response rates in patients with hematologic malignancies (HMs); yet responses to COVID-19 booster vaccines and the risk of COVID-19 infection post-booster are mostly uncertain. Methods: We included 200 outpatients with HMs and predominantly lymphoid neoplasms (96%, 191/200) in our academic center and reported on the humoral responses, which were assessed by measurement of anti-spike IgG antibodies in peripheral blood as early as 14 days after mRNA-based prime-boost vaccination, as well as factors hampering booster efficacy. Previous basic (double) immunization was applied according to the local recommendations with mRNA- and/or vector-based vaccines. We also report on post-booster COVID-19 breakthrough infections that emerged in the Omicron era and the prophylaxis strategies that were applied to poor and non-responders to booster vaccines. Results: A total of 55% (110/200) of the patients achieved seroconversion (i.e., anti-spike protein IgG antibody titer > 100 AU/mL assessed in median 48 days after prime-boost vaccination) after prime-boost vaccination. Multivariable analyses revealed age, lymphocytopenia, ongoing treatment and prior anti-CD20 B-cell depletion to be independent predictors for booster failure. With each month between anti-CD20-mediated B-cell depletion and booster vaccination, the probability of seroconversion increased by approximately 4% (p < 0.001) and serum–antibody titer (S-AbT) levels increased by 90 AU/mL (p = 0.011). Notably, obinutuzumab treatment was associated with an 85% lower probability for seroconversion after prime-boost vaccination compared to rituximab (p = 0.002). Of poor or non-responders to prime-boost vaccination, 41% (47/114) underwent a second booster and 73% (83/114) underwent passive immunization. COVID-19 breakthrough infections were observed in 15% (29/200) of patients after prime-boost vaccination with predominantly mild courses (93%). Next to seroconversion, passive immunization was associated with a significantly lower risk of COVID-19 breakthrough infections after booster, even in vaccine non-responders (all p < 0.05). In a small proportion of analyzed patients with myeloid neoplasms (9/200), the seroconversion rate was higher compared to those with lymphoid ones (78% vs. 54%, accordingly), while the incidence rate of COVID-19 breakthrough infections was similar (22% vs. 14%, respectively). Following the low frequency of myeloid neoplasms in this study, the results may not be automatically applied to a larger cohort. Conclusions: Patients with HMs are at a high risk of COVID-19 booster vaccine failure; yet COVID-19 breakthrough infections after prime-boost vaccination are predominantly mild. Booster failure can likely be overcome by passive immunization, thereby providing immune protection against COVID-19 and attenuating the severity of COVID-19 courses. Further sophistication of clinical algorithms for preventing post-vaccination COVID-19 breakthrough infections is urgently needed
Die Aufklärungsnarrative und Islam:Das Konzept und das Gründungspotenzial
No full textيضم هذا الكتاب بحوثًا منتقاة ضمن مؤتمر «الإسلام وسرديات التنوير: المفهوم وإمكانات التأسيس» الذي عقده المعهد العالي للدراسات الإسلامية بجامعة مونستر في الفترة 20-21 نوفمبر 2020. لقد تمثَّلتْ الإشكالية الأساسية في تحديد بأي معنى يُمكن أن نتحدث اليوم عن التنوير في علاقته بالدين عمومًا، والإسلام على وجه الخصوص. الهدف من ذلك هو مُحاولة الخروج من هيمنة النماذج المُنجزة وسردياتها، سواء تعلق الأمر بمفهوم التنوير في تشكلاته التاريخية، أو في الإسلام باعتباره مبادئ تحققت على مدار 14 قرنًا في سياقات تاريخية واجتماعية عدة. يحتاج هذا الأمر إذا رمنا تحقيقه إلى امتلاك حس تاريخيّ يسمح لنا بالقيام بعملية نقد مُزدوج: نقد لسردية التنوير الأوروبي، بشكل يُمكِّن من التمييز بين ما قاله عصر التنوير عن نفسه وبين ما يُمكن أن يعنيه اليوم مطلب التنوير بالنسبة لنا؛ وفي الآن نفسه، نقد للسرديات الإسلامية المُعاصرة بشأن التراث الإسلامي، نقول هنا المعاصرة وعيًا منا بأنَّ الدخول القسري للمجتمعات الإسلامية في زمن الحداثة دون تهيئ للشروط التاريخية لذلك أدى إلى تحول ثنائية القديم/ الحديث إلى إشكالية هوياتية تُعيق طرح سؤال التنوير، وجرتْ العودة للتراث لا بغاية فهمه ولكن بغاية تبرير الصراع مع الآخر وتكريس ثنائية الإسلام/ الغرب، ما انعكس ليس فقط على فهمنا للدين، بل أيضا على مفاهيم لصيقة به ومُتشابكة معه من قبيل الدولة والحرية والذات والعقل. ومن ثم، كانت أوراق المؤتمر، مُحاولة للاشتباك مع هذه الإشكالية، ومع السؤال الأساسي «هل يحتاج الإسلام إلى تنوير؟».Dieses Buch enthält eine Auswahl von Forschungsarbeiten, die aus der Konferenz "Die Aufklärungsnarrative und Islam: Das Konzept und das Gründungspotenzial" hervorgegangen sind, die vom Zentrum für Islamische Theologie der Universität Münster vom 20. bis 21. November 2020 veranstaltet wurde. Das Hauptthema bestand darin, zu definieren, in welchem Sinne man heute von Aufklärung sprechen kann, in ihrer Beziehung zur Religion im Allgemeinen und zum Islam im Besonderen. Wenn wir dies erreichen wollen, brauchen wir ein historisches Verständnis, das es uns ermöglicht, einen Prozess der doppelten Kritik zu führen: Kritik am Narrativ der europäischen Aufklärung in einer Weise, die es uns ermöglicht, zu unterscheiden, was die Aufklärung über sich selbst sagte und was die Aufklärung für uns heute bedeuten kann; gleichzeitig Kritik an den zeitgenössischen islamischen Narrativen über die islamische Tradition, insbesondere daran, dass die islamischen Gesellschaften in das Zeitalter der Moderne eingetreten sind, ohne die historischen Bedingungen dafür vorzubereiten, was dazu geführt hat, dass die Dualität zwischen alt und modern zu einem Identitätsproblem geworden ist. Dieses Buch versteht sich als ein Versuch, sich mit der problematischen und grundlegenden Frage "Braucht der Islam Aufklärung?" auseinanderzusetzen
A myostatin-CCL20–CCR6 axis regulates Th17 cell recruitment to inflamed joints in experimental arthritis
No full textThe interactions of fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS)-derived pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and immune cells support the recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells in RA. Here, we show for the first time that the classical myokine myostatin (GDF-8) is involved in the recruitment of Th17 cells to inflammatory sites thereby regulating joint inflammation in a mouse model of TNFalpha-mediated chronic arthritis. Mechanistically, myostatin-deficiency leads to decreased levels of the chemokine CCL20 which is associated with less infiltration of Th17 cells into the inflamed joints. In vitro, myostatin alone or in combination with IL-17A enhances the secretion of CCL20 by FLS whereas myostatin-deficiency reduces CCL20 secretion, associated with an altered transmigration of Th17 cells. Thus, the communication between activated FLS and Th17 cells through myostatin and IL-17A may likely contribute to a vicious cycle of inflammation, accounting for the persistence of joint inflammation in chronic arthritis. Blockade of the CCL20–CCR6 axis by inhibition of myostatin may, therefore, be a promising treatment option for chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis
Angesprochen werden:Figuren – Text – Leser*in. Adressierungsanalyse fiktionaler Texte am Beispiel von Chimamanda Ngozi Adichies »Americanah«
No full textAuf Grundlage von Butlers Theorie zur Performativität und Subjektivierung zeigt der Aufsatz durch die Analyse von Adichies Americanah, wie die Protagonistin Ifemelu durch Adressierung als fremd markiert wird, durch die selbstgewählte Re-Adressierung vor dem Hintergrund verschiedener Machtdiskurse aber ihre Handlungsfähigkeit zurückerlangt. An diesem Beispiel wird gezeigt, wie Adressierung und Re-Adressierung in fiktionalen Texten über die Interaktion zwischen fiktiven Figuren hinausgeht; analysiert werden diese Dynamiken daher auch zwischen Figuren und Leser*innen, Erzählinstanz und Leser*innen sowie Text und Leser*innen. Die Analyse dieser ineinander verschränkten Interaktionen kann so erklären, warum Figuren als handelnde Personen wahrgenommen werden und Subjektivierungsprozesse der Leser*innen anstoßen können
A novel MRI compatible mouse fracture model to characterize and monitor bone regeneration and tissue composition
No full textOver the last years, murine in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contributed to a new understanding of tissue composition, regeneration and diseases. Due to artefacts generated by the currently used metal implants, MRI is limited in fracture healing research so far. In this study, we investigated a novel MRI-compatible, ceramic intramedullary fracture implant during bone regeneration in mice. Three-point-bending revealed a higher stiffness of the ceramic material compared to the metal implants. Electron microscopy displayed a rough surface of the ceramic implant that was comparable to standard metal devices and allowed cell attachment and growth of osteoblastic cells. MicroCT-imaging illustrated the development of the callus around the fracture site indicating a regular progressing healing process when using the novel implant. In MRI, different callus tissues and the implant could clearly be distinguished from each other without any artefacts. Monitoring fracture healing using MRI-compatible implants will improve our knowledge of callus tissue regeneration by 3D insights longitudinal in the same living organism, which might also help to reduce the consumption of animals for future fracture healing studies, significantly. Finally, this study may be translated into clinical application to improve our knowledge about human bone regeneration