10509 research outputs found
Sort by
Dem Mond auf der Spur:Interview mit Prof. Dr. Harald Hiesinger
No full textBald wird es - zum ersten Mal seit fast 45 Jahren - wieder neue Gesteinsproben des Mondes geben, wenn die chinesische Sonde "Chang'e 5" zurück auf der Erde landet. Welche neuen Erkenntnisse das Mondgestein liefern kann, erklärt Prof. Dr. Harald Hiesinger vom Institut für Planetologie im Podcast. Zudem berichtet er, was die Wissenschaft schon über den Mond weiß, ob der Mond eigentlich jemandem gehört und wie es ist, den Start einer Raumfahrtmission aus nächster Nähe zu beobachten
Dem Neuen Testament auf der Spur:Interview mit Prof. Dr. Holger Strutwolf
No full textEtwa 5.700 Handschriften sind es, die im Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung der Universität Münster ausgewertet werden – mit dem Ziel, das ursprüngliche Neue Testament zu rekonstruieren. "Das ist eine Aufgabe für mehrere Generationen", erklärt der Leiter des Instituts, Prof. Dr. Holger Strutwolf, im neuen Podcast. Vom "Urtext" gebe es nur Abschriften, und mit jeder neuen Abschrift habe sich der Text verändert. "Wir arbeiten wie Detektive, die ein gigantisches Puzzle zusammensetzen", betont der Theologe
Einstein-Yang-Mills wormholes haunted by a phantom field
No full textIn dieser Arbeit werden Wurmlöcher im Rahmen der statischen sphärisch-symmetrischen SU(2) Einstein-Yang-Mills Theorie, zusätzlich gekoppelt mit einem Phantom-Skalarfeld, untersucht. Nachdem alle relevanten Hintergrundinformationen erläutert wurden, zeigen wir die Existenz einer unendlichen Folge von symmetrischen Wurmlochlösungen, die durch die Anzahl der Nullstellen des Yang-Mills Potenzials indiziert ist. Diese Lösungen wurden zuvor numerisch entdeckt. Mathematisch betrachtet, hat das Problem Gemeinsamkeiten mit dem Einstein-Yang-Mills-System mit den Anfangsbedingungen von schwarzen Löchern, welches bereits in der Vergangenheit umfassend analysiert wurde. Der Hauptunterschied besteht darin, dass das Phantom-Skalarfeld einen nicht-trivialen Grad an Komplexität in die Analyse hinzufügt. Nachdem die Existenz der symmetrischen Wurmlochlösungen bewiesen wurde, präsentieren wir außerdem die Ergebnisse unserer numerischen Analyse, welche die Existenz von asymmetrischen Wurmlochlösungen zeigen.In this thesis, we study wormhole spacetimes in the framework of the static spherically symmetric SU(2) Einstein-Yang-Mills theory coupled to a phantom scalar field. After presenting all the necessary background, we show rigorously the existence of an infinite sequence of symmetric wormhole solutions, labelled by the number of zeros of the Yang-Mills potential. These solutions have previously been discovered numerically. Mathematically, the problem resembles the pure Einstein-Yang-Mills system for black hole initial conditions, which was well-studied in the 90s. The main difference in the present work is that the coupling to the phantom field adds a non-trivial degree of complexity to the analysis. After proving the existence of the symmetric wormhole solutions, we also present numerical evidence for the existence of asymmetric ones
Enteric-Coated Cysteamine Bitartrate in Cystinosis Patients
No full textCystinosis is a severe inherited metabolic storage disease caused by the lysosomal accumulation of cystine. Lifelong therapy with the drug cysteamine bitartrate is necessary. Cysteamine cleaves intralysosomal cystine, and thereafter, it can exit from the organelle. The need for frequent dosing every 6 h and the high prevalence of gastrointestinal side effects lead to poor therapy adherence. The purpose of our study was to improve cysteamine treatment by comparing the efficacy of two cysteamine formulas. This is highly relevant for the long-term outcome of cystinosis patients. The cystine and cysteamine levels of 17 patients taking immediate-release cysteamine (IR-cysteamine/Cystagon®) and 6 patients taking encapsulated delayed-release cysteamine (EC-cysteamine) were analyzed. The EC-cysteamine levels showed a near-ideal pharmacokinetic profile indicative of delayed release (longer Tmax and Tmin), and the corresponding cystine levels showed few fluctuations. In addition, the Cmax of IR-cysteamine was greater, which was responsible for unbearable side effects (e.g., nausea, vomiting, halitosis, lethargy). Treatment with EC-cysteamine improves the quality of life of cystinosis patients because the frequency of intake can be reduced to 2–3 times daily and it has a more favorable pharmacokinetic profile than IR-cysteamine. In particular, cystinosis patients with no access to the only approved delayed-release cysteamine Procysbi® could benefit from a cost-effective alternative
High-throughput Selection of Human de novo-emerged sORFs with High Folding Potential
No full textDe novo genes emerge from previously noncoding stretches of the genome. Their encoded de novo proteins are generally expected to be similar to random sequences and, accordingly, with no stable tertiary fold and high predicted disorder. However, structural properties of de novo proteins and whether they differ during the stages of emergence and fixation have not been studied in depth and rely heavily on predictions. Here we generated a library of short human putative de novo proteins of varying lengths and ages and sorted the candidates according to their structural compactness and disorder propensity. Using Förster resonance energy transfer combined with Fluorescence-activated cell sorting, we were able to screen the library for most compact protein structures, as well as most elongated and flexible structures. We find that compact de novo proteins are on average slightly shorter and contain lower predicted disorder than less compact ones. The predicted structures for most and least compact de novo proteins correspond to expectations in that they contain more secondary structure content or higher disorder content, respectively. Our experiments indicate that older de novo proteins have higher compactness and structural propensity compared with young ones. We discuss possible evolutionary scenarios and their implications underlying the age-dependencies of compactness and structural content of putative de novo proteins
Noncontractible loop states from a partially flat band in a photonic borophene lattice
No full textFlat band systems are commonly associated with compact localized states (CLSs) that arise from the macroscopic degeneracy of eigenstates at the flat band energy. However, in the case of singular flat bands, conventional localized flat band states are incomplete, leading to the existence of noncontractible loop states (NLSs) with nontrivial real-space topology. In this study, we experimentally and analytically demonstrate the existence of NLSs in a 2D photonic borophene lattice without a CLS counterpart, owing to a band that is flat only along high-symmetry lines and dispersive along others. Our findings challenge the conventional notion that NLSs are necessarily linked to robust boundary modes due to a bulk-boundary correspondence. Protected by the band flatness that originates from band touching, NLSs play a significant role in investigating the fundamental physics of flat band systems
OGRE: calculate, visualize, and analyze overlap between genomic input regions and public annotations
No full textBackground: Modern genome sequencing leads to an ever-growing collection of genomic annotations. Combining these elements with a set of input regions (e.g. genes) would yield new insights in genomic associations, such as those involved in gene regulation. The required data are scattered across different databases making a manual approach tiresome, unpractical, and prone to error. Semi-automatic approaches require programming skills in data parsing, processing, overlap calculation, and visualization, which most biomedical researchers lack. Our aim was to develop an automated tool providing all necessary algorithms, benefiting both bioinformaticians and researchers without bioinformatic training. Results: We developed overlapping annotated genomic regions (OGRE) as a comprehensive tool to associate and visualize input regions with genomic annotations. It does so by parsing regions of interest, mining publicly available annotations, and calculating possible overlaps between them. The user can thus identify location, type, and number of associated regulatory elements. Results are presented as easy to understand visualizations and result tables. We applied OGRE to recent studies and could show high reproducibility and potential new insights. To demonstrate OGRE’s performance in terms of running time and output, we have conducted a benchmark and compared its features with similar tools. Conclusions: OGRE’s functions and built-in annotations can be applied as a downstream overlap association step, which is compatible with most genomic sequencing outputs, and can thus enrich pre-existing analyses pipelines. Compared to similar tools, OGRE shows competitive performance, offers additional features, and has been successfully applied to two recent studies. Overall, OGRE addresses the lack of tools for automatic analysis, local genomic overlap calculation, and visualization by providing an easy to use, end-to-end solution for both biologists and computational scientists
Ökonomische Bildung in der Sozialen Marktwirtschaft:Korreferat zu Nils Goldschmidt und Marco Rehm
No full textIn diesem Korreferat zu dem Beitrag "Ökonomische Bildung in der Sozialen Marktwirtschaft"
von Nils Goldschmidt und Marco Rehm werden zuerst die Hauptpunkte ihrer Argumentation
herausgestellt und danach kritisch betrachtet. Die Ordonomik von Ingo Pies erscheint zu eng
und kontrovers für allgemeinbildende Schule, könnte jedoch als ein Element die ökonomische
Bildung bereichern, die nicht dogmatisch, sondern tolerant und pluralistisch die Grundlagen
der sozialen Marktwirtschaft vermitteln sollte.In this discussion of the article "Economic Education in the Social Market Economy" by Nils
Goldschmidt and Marco Rehm, the main points of their argument are first highlighted and
then critically examined. Ingo Pies's Ordonomics appears to be too narrow and controversial
for general education schools, but could enrich economic education as an element, which
should teach the basics of the social market economy in a tolerant and pluralistic instead of
dogmatic way
Podcast: "Viele Ostdeutsche empfinden sich immer noch als Bürger 2. Klasse":Detlef Pollack über Unterschiede zwischen alten und neuen Bundesländern
No full textDie Skepsis vieler Bürger in den neuen Bundesländern gegenüber der "alten Bundesrepublik" hat sich als Folge vieler Enttäuschungen nach der Wiedervereinigung im Jahr 1990 mittlerweile verfestigt. Bei rund 30 Prozent der Bevölkerung habe sich eine grundsätzliche "Anti-Haltung" und Skepsis gegenüber den etablierten Parteien entwickelt, was sich höchstwahrscheinlich in einem positiven Ergebnis für die "Alternative für Deutschland" (AfD) bei den anstehenden Landtagswahlen im September widerspiegeln wird. "Das Klagen hat sich verselbstständigt und ist zu einem Identitätsmarker vieler ostdeutscher Bürger geworden", erklärt Soziologe Prof. Dr. Detlef Pollack im Podcast "Umdenken"
Postdigitale Sprachkunst:Die metapoetische Imagination generativer Literaturproduktion in Zybněk Baladáns Videoessay The Powerless Source of All Power
No full textDer Begriff des "Postdigitalen" hat Konjunktur – aber ästhetisch klar beschriebene Konzepte sind in den Philologien noch selten. In Abgrenzung von einer soziologischen und produktionstechnischen Definition, die den Begriff auf einen allgemeinen Zustand "nach der Digitalisierung" festlegt, in dem sowohl Analoges wie Digitales aufgehoben ist und sich fast alle Schreibenden mitunter digitaler Techniken bedienen, erprobt der Beitrag, in Anlehnung an den musik- und kunstwissenschaftlichen Diskurs, eine poetologische und ästhetische Charakterisierung des Postdigitalen im Bereich des Literarischen und bezeichnet einen spezifischen Typus davon als Postdigitale Sprachkunst