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Geschlechtersensible Medizin: Gleiche Krankheit – unterschiedliche Symptome:Interview mit Prof. Dr. Dr. Bettina Pfleiderer
No full textMänner und Frauen können die gleiche Krankheit haben und dabei völlig unterschiedliche Symptome zeigen. Auch Medikamente wirken anders bei den Geschlechtern. Prof. Dr. Dr. Bettina Pfleiderer vom Institut für Radiologie der WWU ist Expertin für Gendermedizin und gibt im Podcast einen Einblick in die Forschung und erklärt, wie das Thema in der Lehre eingebunden werden muss. Im Gespräch geht es zudem um strukturelle Probleme wie die Benachteiligung von Frauen in Medikamentenstudien, die häufig zu Fehldosierungen führen, und den Vergleich mit anderen europäischen Ländern im Bereich der Gendermedizin
Globale Herausforderungen des 21. Jahrhunderts lösungsorientiert unterrichten? Eine quantitative Studie zum Vergleich der Effekte von lösungs- und problemlösungsorientiertem Geographieunterricht auf die Ausbildung von Handlungsintentionen von Schüler*innen
No full textBei der Thematisierung globaler Herausforderungen des 21. Jahrhunderts nimmt der Geographieunterricht mit der Förderung einer raumbezogenen Handlungskompetenz eine besondere Rolle ein. Im Rahmen der empirischen Studie wurden die Auswirkungen einer lösungs- und problemlösungsorientierten Unterrichtsintervention auf die Bildung einer konkreten andlungsintention von Schüler*innen der 7. Klasse miteinander verglichen, indem die Konstrukte der Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen sowie der kurz- und langfristigen Handlungs-Ergebnis-Erwartungen mit einem Prä-Post-Test erhoben wurden. Die Studienergebnisse implizieren, dass die Wahl des
didaktischen Ansatzes unter Berücksichtigung der zu fördernden Konstrukte erfolgen sollte. Beispielsweise wirkte sich eine lösungsorientierte Herangehensweise positiver auf die langfristigen Handlungs-Ergebnis-Erwartungen aus, während die problemorientierte Unterrichtskonzeption größere Effekte hinsichtlich der Förderung der Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen zeigte.The teaching of geography plays a crucial role in addressing global challenges of the 21st century by fostering space-oriented decision-making and responsibility competence. This empirical study compares the effects of solution- and problemoriented teaching interventions on the formation of a concrete intention for action. Constructs of self-efficacy as well as short- and long-term out-come expectancies were assessed using a pre- and post-test. Quantitative analysis suggests that the choice of didactic approach should consider the constructs to be promoted. For instance, a solution-oriented approach had a more positive impact on students' long-term outcome expectancies, whereas problem-oriented teaching showed greater effects in enhancing self-efficacy
Inklusion als Thema in der Qualifikation angehender Pädagog*innen:Analyse von Modulhandbüchern im Auftrag des vom BMFSFJ geförderten Projektes "Wissenschaftliches Kuratorium – Inklusives SGB VIII"
No full textDie vorliegende Expertise wurde im Auftrag des vom Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend (BMFSFJ) geförderten Projektes "Wissenschaftliches Kuratorium – Inklusives SGB VIII" angefertigt. Dialoge über die Lebenswelten von Kindern u nd Jugendlichen mit und ohne Behinderungen werden weitgehend getrennt voneinander geführt, obwohl die Praxis der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe sich auf die inklusive Weiterentwicklung vorbereiten müsste. Der Auftrag der Expertise lag darin, die Modulhandbücher in den Studiengängen (Bildungswissenschaft, Erziehungswissenschaft, Pädagogik, Sozialpädagogik, Soziale Arbeit, Heilpädagogik, Rehabilitationspädagogik und Sonderpädagogik) und die Curricula der Ausbildungsgänge (Sozialpädagogik, Heilpädagogik und Heilerziehungspflege) daraufhin zu untersuchen, welche Rolle Inklusion darin spielt
Institutional Hierarchies and Economic Growth A Bundled Approach
No full textTheoretical and empirical evidence on the relationship between institutions and economic prosperity remains ambiguous, even though it has been part of scholarly discourse for de-cades. The present study adds to this discussion by introducing a bundled approach for mea-suring institutions. This approach takes into account interrelations in form of hierarchies between political, economic and the societal institutions and thereby adds to the literature that deals with the mechanisms of economic growth from an institutional perspective. Based on a panel of 153 countries from 1995 to 2016, we find that political institutions establish a deep-rooted framework in which societal institutions, such as education and health care, act as main drivers of growth processes
International M&A transaction volumes along the battery value chain: Strategic investment implications
No full textThe objective of this study is to examine the international value streams associated with the battery industry, which plays a pivotal role in the global effort to combat climate change. This research provides an in-depth analysis of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in the global battery market, as a tool for monitoring the innovation strategies of global enterprises in the various regional key markets. Prior research has demonstrated the efficacy of data science methods in the analysis of M&A data across a range of industries and technological domains. An exploratory analysis of a dataset comprising 913 deals from 2018 to 2022 was conducted to investigate the foreign and domestic contributions of North America, Europe, and Asia in relation to individual segments of the value chain. The results highlight North America as the most substantial deal value contributor, peaking in 2021, within the region and investment balance with other key markets. Further, the findings demonstrate that the value streams are largely driven by product manufacturers and enablers
Jahrhundertfund Tutanchamun: "Immer noch ein Mythos":Interview mit Prof. Dr. Angelika Lohwasser
No full textEs ist eine Weltsensation, als der britische Archäologe Howard Carter nach langer Suche im Jahr 1922 auf einen verschütteten Treppenabsatz stößt, der ihn zum Grab des Pharaos Tutanchamun führt – das bisher einzige unberührte Grab eines Pharaos. Wenige Monate später, am 16. Februar 1923, wird die Grabkammer geöffnet. In ihr befinden sich nicht nur die Mumie, sondern zahlreiche Gegenstände – darunter auch die berühmte Maske von Tutanchamun aus purem Gold. Im Podcast blickt Angelika Lohwasser, Professorin für Ägyptologie, auf die hundertjährige Geschichte des Fundes zurück, der noch immer viele Rätsel aufgibt
Different Culture, Same Situation? Translating and Applying a Situational Judgment Test From Germany in Cuba
No full textSituational judgment tests (SJTs) are popular instruments in selection and assessment. However, the application of SJTs to non-Western cultural contexts remains scarce. In this study, we investigated whether an SJT on personal initiative, developed in Germany and translated into Cuban Spanish, had similar psychometric properties in Cuba. Second, there is an ongoing debate about the extent to which the situation description plays an important role for SJTs. We supposed that the impact of situation descriptions might depend on test takers' familiarity with the culture in which the SJT was developed. Hence, we tested whether the omission of situation descriptions had larger effects in a Cuban than in a German sample. We applied a 2 (with vs. without situation description in the item stem) × 2 (cultural background: Cuba vs. Germany) between-subjects design (N_Cuba = 192, N_Germany = 213). The results revealed similar psychometric properties between Cuban and German test takers concerning measurement invariance, construct-related validity, and reliability. In addition, we examined whether samples differ regarding applicant perceptions: Notably, for four of six applicant perception scales, the Cuban sample reported a more positive view of the SJT. Furthermore, we found that the effect of situation availability on SJT performance did not substantially depend on the test takers' cultural background. Implications for cross-cultural generalizability are discussed
Durable 3D murine ex vivo retina glaucoma models for optical coherence tomography
No full textDurable and standardized phantoms with optical properties similar to native healthy and disease-like biological tissues are essential tools for the development, performance testing, calibration and comparison of label-free high-resolution optical coherence tomography (HR-OCT) systems. Available phantoms are based on artificial materials and reflect thus only partially ocular properties. To address this limitation, we have performed investigations on the establishment of durable tissue phantoms from ex vivo mouse retina for enhanced reproduction of in vivo structure and complexity. In a proof-of-concept study, we explored the establishment of durable 3D models from dissected mouse eyes that reproduce the properties of normal retina structures and tissue with glaucoma-like layer thickness alterations. We explored different sectioning and preparation procedures for embedding normal and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-treated mouse retina in transparent gel matrices and epoxy resins, to generate durable three-dimensional tissue models. Sample quality and reproducibility were quantified by thickness determination of the generated layered structures utilizing computer-assisted segmentation of OCT B-scans that were acquired with a commercial HR-OCT system at a central wavelength of 905 nm and analyzed with custom build software. Our results show that the generated 3D models feature thin biological layers close to current OCT resolution limits and glaucoma-like tissue alterations that are suitable for reliable HR-OCT performance characterization. The comparison of data from resin-embedded tissue with native murine retina in gels demonstrates that by utilization of appropriate preparation protocols, highly stable samples with layered structures equivalent to native tissues can be fabricated. The experimental data demonstrate our concept as a promising approach toward the fabrication of durable biological 3D models suitable for high-resolution OCT system performance characterization supporting the development of optimized instruments for ophthalmology applications
Efficient Multi-Change Point Analysis to Decode Economic Crisis Information from the S&P500 Mean Market Correlation
No full textIdentifying macroeconomic events that are responsible for dramatic changes of economy is of particular relevance to understanding the overall economic dynamics. We introduce an open-source available efficient Python implementation of a Bayesian multi-trend change point analysis, which solves significant memory and computing time limitations to extract crisis information from a correlation metric. Therefore, we focus on the recently investigated S&P500 mean market correlation in a period of roughly 20 years that includes the dot-com bubble, the global financial crisis, and the Euro crisis. The analysis is performed two-fold: first, in retrospect on the whole dataset and second, in an online adaptive manner in pre-crisis segments. The online sensitivity horizon is roughly determined to be 80 up to 100 trading days after a crisis onset. A detailed comparison to global economic events supports the interpretation of the mean market correlation as an informative macroeconomic measure by a rather good agreement of change point distributions and major crisis events. Furthermore, the results hint at the importance of the U.S. housing bubble as a trigger of the global financial crisis, provide new evidence for the general reasoning of locally (meta)stable economic states, and could work as a comparative impact rating of specific economic events
Extension of the Medial Approach to the Tibial Plateau via an Osteotomy of the Tibial Insertion of the Superficial Medial Collateral Ligament
No full textThe treatment of medial tibial plateau fractures can be challenging due to poor exposure of the articular surface. Therefore, a medial epicondyle osteotomy may be needed. Current methods describe osteotomy of the medial femoral epicondyle. However, this method requires additional detachment of the medial meniscus in order to ensure proper visualization. The aim of this study is to present a new technique using distal osteotomy of the superficial medial collateral ligament and to analyze the area of the exposed articular surface area. On each of eight fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees (mean age: 79.4 ± 9.4 years), an osteotomy and proximal reflection of the distal insertion of the superficial medial collateral ligament combined with a submeniscal arthrotomy was performed, followed by a medial epicondyle osteotomy. Using a three-dimensional measurement arm (Absolute Arm 8320-7, Hexagon Metrology GmbH), the exposed area was analyzed and compared to the entire medial articular surface using ANOVA (p < 0.05). Through the medial epicondyle osteotomy, 39.9 ± 9.7% of the anteromedial articular surface was seen. This area was significantly smaller compared to the osteotomy of the distal insertion of the superficial collateral ligament with an exposed articular surface of 77.2 ± 16.9% (p = 0.004). Thus, the distal osteotomy exposed 37.3% more of the articular surface compared to the medial epicondyle osteotomy. None of these techniques were able to adequately expose the posteromedial- and medial-most aspects of the tibial plateau. A distal superficial collateral ligament osteotomy may be superior to a medial epicondyle osteotomy when an extension of the anteromedial approach to the tibial plateau is required. A distal superficial medial collateral ligament osteotomy combines the advantages of better exposure of the medial articular surface with preservation of the blood supply to the medial meniscus. However, surgeons should carefully consider whether such an extended approach is necessary, as it significantly increases invasiveness