Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center
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Rearing silver therapon Leiopotherapon plumbeus (Teleostei: Terapontidae) larvae using euryhaline rotifers as starter food
No full textThe silver therapon Leiopotherapon plumbeus is an important but dwindling freshwater food commodity in Philippine freshwater habitats. The influence of feeding regimes on growth performance and survival of first-feeding silver therapon larvae fed euryhaline rotifers (Brachionus rotundiformis and B. plicatilis) as starter food was examined. Larvae at 2 days post-hatch (DPH) (1.93 ± 0.07 mm; 200 larvae/basin) were initially reared on rotifers for 12 days followed by Artemia nauplii from 14 to 35 DPH as follows: (A) B. rotundiformis from 2-13 DPH; (B) B. rotundiformis from 2-7 DPH and Moina micrura from 8-13 DPH; and (C) B. plicatilis from 2-13 DPH. After 35 days of rearing, mean survival rates were significantly higher in larvae fed B. rotundiformis (69.2%) than those co-fed B. rotundiformis and M. micrura (34.6%) or B. plicatilis alone (26.3%). Higher ingestion rates were observed for B. rotundiformis-fed larvae (1.6 ± 0.5 to 4.4 ± 0.5 ind larvae-1) than larvae fed B. plicatilis (0.0 to 3.2 ± 0.8 ind larvae-1) during the critical initial feeding stage. However, larvae fed B. plicatilis (20.75 ± 0.48 mm) were significantly longer than those fed B. rotundiformis alone (15.62 ± 0.40 mm) or co-fed B. rotundiformis and M. micrura (18.57 ± 0.58 mm). The fastest growth was observed in larvae fed B. plicatilis, with length increment (LI) and specific growth rate (SGR) of 18.8 mm and 6.8% day-1, respectively. Eye diameter, head length, snout length and pre-anal length increased but were not affected when larvae were fed two rotifer species. These results demonstrate that feeding euryhaline rotifer B. rotundiformis from 2 to 13 DPH followed by Artemia is a suitable feeding regime for better survival of silver therapon larvae under laboratory rearing conditions
Current status of sustainable aquaculture and resource enhancement in Cambodia
Get PDFCambodia is rich in both freshwater and marine fisheries resources. Aquaculture in Cambodia has been practiced in the Great Lake (Ton Le Sap) for a long time . The culture method involves stocking of wild juvenile fish in pens or cages and feeding with trash fish. In 1994, a new aquaculture technology was introduced in the country through the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) outreach programme.
Aquaculture development in Cambodia is part of a national policy under the National
Rectangular Strategy Policies of the Government. To support the national policy, the Fisheries Administration has introduced the updated Strategic Planning Framework for Fisheries (SPFF) for 2015. Meanwhile, the National Strategic Plan for Aquaculture Development in Cambodia (NSPAD) 2016-2030 aims to meet the growing demand for fish for domestic consumption, and future investment requirements in aquaculture development.
The main aquaculture production produced from inland aquaculture accounts for nearly 90% of the total fish production. Aquaculture systems including floating cage/pen culture, earthen pond culture and integrated rice-fish culture, and other fish culture in small scale or aquaculture-based fisheries in Cambodia are practiced in over 20 provinces and cities, with less development on coastal aquaculture
Annual aquaculture production increased by an average of 20 % over the past decade, from 50,000 metric tons in 2009 to 254,048 metric tons in 2018.
Enhancing rice field fisheries productivity continues to be a priority in the Fisheries SPF, especially through Community Fish Refuges (CFRs). Rice field fisheries provides 100,000–150,000 tons per year which contributed 20–30 % of the total inland fish production.
However, knowledge about the current status of the sector is lacking. Anecdotal field observations and the few existing studies depict a sector with unsophisticated technology, low efficiency and low competitiveness against imports from neighboring countries. Limited availability of quality inputs and services is a major constraint to the growth of the aquaculture sector. Fingerling production, in particular, is insufficient and the poor quality of fingerlings produced results in very low levels of production to support the industry leading to the importation of fingerlings from neighboring countries
Sustainable aquaculture development in Indonesia
Get PDFDespite the abundance of potential marine resources, including fisheries, Indonesia is still struggling with several issues, particularly in the aquaculture sector. Environmental issues, aquaculture feeds, fish diseases, and exceeding carrying capacity are some of the many challenges that Indonesia must face these days. The Indonesian government through the Directorate General of Aquaculture (DGA), Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF), however, has undertaken efforts to overcome the challenges and at the same time ensuring the sustainability of the sector. Sovereign, competitive, and sustainable aquaculture development policies have been implemented through three main aspects of development: 1) production technology, 2) socioeconomics, and 3) natural resources.
Harmonizing and simplifying regulations to encourage investments, interconnecting business chain from downstream to upstream in the industry and strengthening product competitiveness through IndoGAP (Good Aquaculture Practices) implementation are among the steps taken by the government. However, among the efforts to overcome the existing challenges and gaps, Indonesia continues to strive to develop its potential to make Indonesian fish farmers more prosperous and independent in the best possible way
Assessment of tilapia-freshwater prawn co-culture schemes in tanks and lake-based cages for increased farm production
No full textSupplementary MaterialsThe following are available online at https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/su132413574/s1, Figure S1: Growth (SGR) of the different freshwater aquatic species (Nile tilapia, red tilapias, prawns) reared for five months using the cage-in-tank monoculture and/or co-culture schemes, Figure S2: Survival of all the freshwater aquatic species reared in the cage-in-tank monoculture and/or co-culture systems, Figure S3: Specific growth rates of the tilapias and prawns reared in lake-based co-culture systems using different feeding schemes, Figure S4: Survival of the co-cultured tilapias and prawns in the lake-based cages using different feeding protocols, Figure S5: Results of plankton monitoring in the lake facility, wet season run, Figure S6: Results of plankton monitoring in the lake facility, dry season runThe technical viability of tilapia (I-ExCEL strain Nile or red) and giant freshwater prawn (GFP) co-culture in cages-within-tanks was evaluated while appropriate feeding protocols for tilapia-GFP co-culture in cages in a eutrophic lake were determined. Specifically, production parameters in all test species grown for five months in tank co-culture (where only tilapias were fed) were compared, while the best feeding protocol from among the following treatments: (a) Tfed—fed tilapias; (b) GFPfed—fed prawns and (c) T-GFPfed—both species fed, were defined. I-ExCEL Nile tilapias grew faster in tank co-culture whether reared singly or otherwise. However, red tilapia-GFP tank co-culture gave the best results considering key production traits in all test species (red tilapia —2.52%/day specific growth rate or SGR, 83.3% survival; GFP—1.17%/day SGR, 72.85% survival). Lake-based co-culture was technically feasible at stocking densities of 12.5/m2 for tilapia and 2.4 to 4/m2 for prawns even when only tilapias were fed; prawns grew to desired marketable sizes by thriving mainly on detritus and natural food organisms in the lake. However, further refinements can still be made to optimise the co-culture schemes to make them more sustainable and provide artisanal fish farmers options in increasing farm yields through multi-species aquaculture.This research was funded entirely by the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center Aquaculture Department (SEAFDEC/AQD) under study code: FS-01-2020B
Report on aquatic animal health in Lao PDR
Get PDFAbstract only.Fish production is very important to Lao PDR. It is an important source of protein to its citizens. Lao PDR is fortunate to have numerous water resources. The Mekong River flows through Lao PDR for a length of 1,865 km. Additionally, the country has other rivers, streams, reservoirs which are also used for irrigation and source of hydroelectric power. Swamps, lakes and rice fields during the wet season provide for capture and cultured fish products. In 2018, these water resources produced a total of 179,100 tons of fish; of which 62,700 came from capture fisheries and 116,400 from fish culture.
In Lao PDR, as in many countries throughout the world, inland fisheries and aquaculture activities are administered by the Ministry of Agriculture. The Ministry is also responsible for forestry. It is called the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and is referred to as MAF. Within the MAF is the Division of Livestock and Fisheries (DLF). The National Fisheries Development Centre (NFDC) is working diligently to prevent outbreaks of aquatic animal diseases but much more must be done. Adequate manpower to address fisheries disease control on fish farms and adequate manpower for drug and chemical testing and inspection are lacking. In addition, communication between central and local governments as well as between local and central governments regarding disease diagnosis and disease control needs to be enhanced. Fish farmers must be trained to recognize and control diseases
Changes in iodide and thyroid hormone levels of hatchery-reared orange-spotted rabbitfish Siganus guttatus (Bloch 1787) during early larval development
No full textThis paper elucidates the developmental profiles of iodide and thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) in hatchery-reared rabbitfish (Siganus guttatus) during early larval development. The study evaluated the levels of iodide, T4 and T3 tissue content in rabbitfish larvae at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 days after hatching (DAH). Under normal rearing conditions, iodide (11.98 ± 4.3 nmol g−1) and thyroid hormones (T4: 0.09 ± 0.01 nmol g−1; T3: 0.01 ± 8.5E-05 nmol g−1 were already detected from newly-hatched larvae and their presence has been attributed from maternal origin. Iodide level sharply peaked at 10 DAH (1416.43 ± 149.6 nmol g−1) which is significantly higher compared to the iodide levels in the larvae at 20, 30, 40 and 50 DAH. The levels of THs gradually increased as the larvae developed with T4 (0.96 ± 0.05 nmol g−1) and T3 (0.03 ± 0.004 nmol g−1) exhibiting a peak on 20 and 30 DAH, respectively, which coincided with the onset of metamorphosis. Thyroid hormone levels gradually decreased which coincided also with the completion of metamorphosis. The present findings indicated a pattern of the rise and fall in iodide and thyroid hormone levels during larval development and its role in metamorphosis of rabbitfish larvae. The study has reported for the first time, the changes in iodide and thyroid hormone levels during the early developmental stage in hatchery-reared rabbitfish and the results are in agreement with those vital actions of thyroid hormones in other fish species.This study is part of MS thesis submitted to the University of the Philippines in the Visayas. The authors are grateful to Aquaculture Department Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC/AQD) (Budget Code 5175-T-RD) and Department of Science and Technology-Accelerated Science and Technology Human Resource Development Program (DOST-ASTHRDP) (2000-42924) for providing facilities, resources and funds to the main author to undertake this study. Special thanks to the staff of the Marine Fish Hatchery for the assistance during the conduct of the experiment and to the staff of the Laboratory for Advanced Aquaculture and Technology for the advice and support during laboratory analysis
AQD Matters 2021 January - February
No full textIn this issue: 1) A hard problem with a soft solution: Catfish farm's production surges easy fix; 2) Community-based sea ranching: Fisherfolks' legacy to sustainable fisheries; 3) AQD rescues stranded dolphin in Tigbauan waters; 4) Profiles: A behind-the-scenes look at SAI
Growth, metamorphosis and survival of orange-spotted rabbitfish (Siganus guttatus) larvae fed sodium iodide-supplemented brine shrimp (Artemia sp.)
No full textIn an attempt to improve the hatchery production of orange-spotted rabbitfish (Siganus guttatus), the present study evaluated the effects of iodine-supplementation of larval food (Artemia) on endogenous thyroid hormone (TH) levels in larvae, and subsequently on their metamorphosis, growth and survival. Rabbitfish larvae (20 days after hatching, DAH) were fed unsupplemented (control) and sodium iodide (0.8 g L−1) -supplemented Artemia. The larvae were reared in 250-L fiberglass tanks at a stocking density of five larvae L−1. Each treatment has three replicates. The study was conducted until 50% of the larval population in both treatments has completely metamorphosed. Iodine-supplementation in larval food resulted in significantly higher levels of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), (TH) in rabbitfish larvae (p < 0.05). Treated rabbitfish larvae had significantly higher mean body weight (0.20 ± 0.01 g) than the control (0.14 ± 0.01 g) and a lower muscle fiber (MF) count (0.003 ± 0.001 MF μm−2) than the control (0.009 ± 0.002 MF um−2) (p < 0.05). However, survival was not different between the two treatments. Furthermore, using the statistical tool probit analysis on the metamorphic period index, it showed that 50% of the population in the control group metamorphosed at 42.4 DAH while 50% of the population in the treated group metamorphosed at 31.2 DAH. Cumulative stress index test indicated a positive response of larvae fed supplemented Artemia (p < 0.05). This study demonstrated that feeding sodium iodide-supplemented Artemia to rabbitfish larvae enhances the endogenous TH levels which in turn accelerates the metamorphosis and improves fish muscle fiber growth and stress tolerance.The authors are grateful to SEAFDEC/AQD for providing the experimental animal and the facilities (Budget Code 5175-T-RD) in the conduct of this study. Special thanks correspondingly for the staff and laboratory of Marine Fish Hatchery of SEAFDEC/AQD for the invaluable assistance during the experimental period. Appreciation is also due to the Philippine Department of Science and Technology- Accelerated Science and Technology Human Resource Development Program (DOST-ASTHRDP) for the academic research grant awarded to the main author (2000-42924). Special thanks to P.A. Palma, Dr. J. Tan-Fermin and Dr. M.R.R. Eguia for the discussions and critical review of the manuscript
Enhanced biosecurity measures for sustainable aquaculture: Shrimp hatchery operations
No full textLong before the COVID-19 pandemic, the Broodstock Facility and Shrimp Hatchery Complex of SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department (AQD) in Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines, has already been practicing the best quarantine protocols. The gold standards to ensure the production of diseasefree and high-quality shrimp are being developed by AQD under the program “OPLAN Balik Sugpo” or Operation Plan for Black Tiger Prawn Revival. Initiated in 2017, this Program generally aims to bring back the Penaeus monodon industry of the Philippines and help farmers revive their hopes and venture again into shrimp culture. Under the Program, the disease prevention scheme is currently undergoing verification for responsible management of shrimp broodstock obtained from the natural environment at AQD’s Broodstock Facility, and for the care of the postlarval stage at AQD’s Shrimp Hatchery Complex