Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center
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Farm management and biosecurity measures of Eucheumatoids: Cultivars, pest and disease, risks and risk managements
No full textIn buwk-buwk pahati ini nahinang iban kiyasulat paglabay upat tahun ha pagsaliksik ha pag’usaha agal agal ha Pilipinas hinang sin tumpukan sin GlobalSeaweedSTAR Philippine ha bitsara kahatihan sin kamatauran. Makatagama isab ini ha manga dugaing dugaing simasangdul ha pag’usaha agal agal hasupaya makahati sila iban mahinang nila in kaagi’ sin pagtanum agal agal ha pamandui sin parsugpat-sugpati sin piyaawun buhi’ iban sin pasal baran sin agal agal ha pag ipat ha tubig, sambil na in pamahati ha bang biyah diin in parsugpati sin manga parhimpunan lapay na in anib atawa piligru ha pagtanum iban biyah diin in pagpahilunnah sin anib atawa piligru ha pagtanum. Dugaing dayin didtu in buwk-buwk pahati ini mag atas pasulyan ha manga maghihinang pamandu’ agaran pasunurun nila bang mang hinangi kasarah saraan labi awla na ha pag’ayad ha pag’ urulan sin kabuhi ha supaya makasagang atawa mapakuuh atawa mapababa in pangdatung sin panglamiyasayi sin sakit, hipababa in anib atawa piligru ha pagtanum, pagtinda iban pagdagang sin agal agal iban ha kahulihan bang byah diin in pagpahilunnah sin anib atawa piligru ha pagtanum. In manga pamandu’ agaran ini bang nahinang in titindugan nila dayin ha pangaji’ alam, in guwa niya mahambug, bayngbutawiin, dih siya makamula ha kakulilingan iban mataptap in usaha pag ipat agal di ha Pilipinas.Tausu
Developing a self-sufficient Philippine milkfish industry through value chain analysis
No full textThe Philippine milkfish industry has been dependent on the importation of juveniles for grow-out ever since the decline of wild fry catch and with inadequate supply from local hatcheries. However, self-sufficiency is required to address recent global uncertainties. Value chain analysis of the upstream stages of the milkfish aquaculture pathway reveals options for efficient utilization of coastal aquaculture resources, capital investments and workforce. This paper presents a value chain that starts in an integrated breeding and hatchery (IBH) facility that will produce the required juveniles to yield 7.7 thousand mt milkfish valued at PHP 692 million per year (1 USD = 50 PHP). The number of IBH needed annually were determined, such that the country should have 60 IBH in 2030 to produce 448 thousand mt milkfish worth PHP 61 billion for its 128 million projected population. Economic analysis showed that public-private partnership should fund high-investment but low-profit IBH, while private investors should operate profit-earning hatcheries, nurseries and 4-cage mariculture system to secure the milkfish industry.This study (6048-TMG-DBP-011) is a component of the Sustainable Mariculture Industry Program implemented by SEAFDEC/AQD and Taytay sa Kauswagan, Inc. supported by the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation and the Development Bank of the Philippines. Fieldwork was conducted in Davao del Norte and Sur in cooperation with the BFAR Region XI
Efficacy of tilapia oral vaccine coupled with a nanocomposite biomaterial as carrier for vaccine delivery
Get PDFFish diseases have seriously threatened and hampered the aquaculture industry. Low stress yet effective mass vaccination strategies for disease control and prevention are needed for sustainable aquaculture. Fishvax, a vaccine using a nanocomposite biomaterial for oral delivery, was developed and applied in this study for vaccination against Aeromonas veronii, a bacteria that can cause major disease outbreaks in fish. The project team, based at the Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, was headed by Dr. Anacleto Argayosa, in collaboration with Dr. Rolando Pakingking Jr. of SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department.
The project was funded by the Department of Science and Technology, Philippine Council for Aquatic and Marine Research and Development, now the Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development
Daytime habitat use and abundance of a freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium yui Holthuis, 1950 (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) in tropical forest stream, northern Laos
No full textElectronic supplementary material.From 2008 to 2014, we monitored the abundance and daytime habitat use of the freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium yui at a fixed site on a tributary of the Xuang River in northern Laos. Throughout the monitoring period, the shrimp M. yui showed strong preference for cobble and small boulder substrates, as well as moderate preferences for 21–30 cm depth and the midstream (251–350 cm distance from the bank) as daytime habitat factors. The shrimp M. yui, on the other hand, exhibited intense avoidance for shallower water depths (less than 10 cm), stagnant (0 cm s−1) and faster water velocity (greater than 60 cm s−1), finer substrates (from silt to gravel), and stream margin (less than 50 cm from the bank). During the day, the habitat with the cobble and small boulder in the midstream is probably the best place for the shrimp M. yui to hide from predators. The abundance of the shrimp M. yui had positive and negative correlations with water depth and sand percentage in the bottom sediment, respectively. It suggests that a decrease in water depth caused by increased deposition of fine sediment from the catchment has a negative impact on the shrimp abundance.This study was supported by the management expense grants from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries to the Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS) and by the research grant program of the Toyota Foundation (D12-R-0529)
Exploring the aquaculture potential of ayungin, an endemic freshwater fish in the Philippines
No full textIn the early 1960s, silver therapon (Leiopotherapon plumbeus), locally known as ayungin, is regarded as one of the most abundant freshwater fishery resources in the largest lake in the Philippines, Laguna de Bay. Smallscale fishing communities around the lake are reliant on this fishery resource for subsistence consumption and livelihood. Recently, ayungin is touted as the most exploited commercial freshwater fish species in most regions of the country. The decline of this important food fish has led to a growing interest in its domestication for culture production and for possible replenishment of depleted stocks in the wild. Therefore, efforts to domesticate, manage, and conserve this native aquatic species have been given a high priority. Due to its readiness to spawn in captivity and successful hatchery production in outdoor tanks, ayungin is considered an emerging species with potential for inland freshwater aquaculture
Performance, digestibility efficiencies, gut and liver morphologies of snub nose pompano Trachinotus blochii fed spray‐dried haemoglobin meal as protein substitute for fishmeal
No full textSpray-dried haemoglobin meal, a by-product and derivative of the swine processing industry, is formed when haemoglobin is separated hygienically from pig's blood. A 120-days feeding trial using snub nose pompano Trachinotus blochii (1.01 ± 0.02 g) tested spray-dried haemoglobin meal (SHM) as an ingredient in six iso-nitrogenous (crude protein of 50%) and iso-lipidic (crude fat of 8%) diets, namely, a diet with 0% SHM (control) and five diets replacing fishmeal with SHM at 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20%. Weight gain percentage (WG%) significantly decreased (p 0.05) by SHM inclusion levels. As an ingredient for pompano feed, SHM has digestibilities for protein, lipid and dry matter at 89, 78 and 45% respectively. No apparent pathological changes were observed in the intestines. However, physiological changes in the liver have been seen in fish fed diets containing 12, 16 and 20% of SHM. Based on the quadratic regression model at the maximum response of weight gain percentage, the optimum inclusion level of SHM was estimated to be 3.08% (5.87% SHM protein in the diet).SEAFDEC/AQD under FD-01-F2019T is acknowledged for funding this study
Utilization of sodium bicarbonate as anesthetic during routine husbandry activities in ornamental fish
No full textThe tropical ornamental fish industry requires the stock to be reared in captivity before being sold; thus, exposing them to various handling- and transport-related stressors. A number of commercially available anesthetics are used during fish husbandry procedures, but these products are expensive and not readily available to small-scale ornamental fish operators. The use of sodium bicarbonate as an inexpensive anesthetic during routine husbandry activities in molly, Poecilia sp., a freshwater ornamental fish was assessed in terms of its effect on sedation, recovery and survival post-exposure in three independent experimental runs. Juvenile molly were exposed to sodium bicarbonate at a concentration of 100 g L−1 and the time to sedation and recovery were monitored. It took longer for the fish to be fully sedated than their recovery. Survival of the fish a week post-exposure ranged 40-60%. Simulated transport of fish for 6 hrs in water containing 1 g L−1 of sodium bicarbonate showed survival ranging 70-100% a week after transport. These findings demonstrated that sodium bicarbonate could be potentially used as a low-cost anesthetic during handling and short-term transport of ornamental fish. Future studies shall focus on discovering the underlying physiological mechanisms in fish following sedation with this chemical
Resource enhancement: Concepts, learnings, and future directions
Get PDFFish and fishery products are always in high demand causing pressure on world fish supply. The world’s wild capture fisheries resources ultimately reached its peak around the early 90s and plateaued at around 90 million tonnes. The stagnancy in wild fisheries production poses an alarm to the ever-growing human population. Fortunately, at around the same time, aquaculture production has filled some gap in seafood supply with over 100 million tonnes produced annually. However, there are various concerns about aquaculture and its sustainability. This is where the idea of aquatic resource enhancement comes in, not only to increase fish yield for food but also to compensate for losses caused by anthropogenic interventions, while promoting environmental rehabilitation and conservation. Resource enhancement, as a whole, can include various concepts on sustainable development, habitat conservation and improvement, ecological management, and aquaculturebased stock enhancement. This paper highlights the development of some resource enhancement programs worldwide and provide some examples particularly those from the Southeast Asian Region. We will attempt to tackle some successes and failures, as well as review past and recent experiences to extract important learnings. Based on these lessons, future directions of how resource enhancement initiatives can be made more efficient and sustainable. As a general rule, we recommend that in order to increase chances of success for programs on resource enhancement, it has to be science-based, there needs to be inclusive and participatory planning and management involving all stakeholders and adheres to responsible culture practices. Moreover, there should be concurrent efforts in reducing fishing pressures, as well as in protecting and rehabilitating natural ecosystems
The status of aquatic animal health in Cambodia
Get PDFHuman population in Cambodia keeps increasing from year to year and the demand for food consumption also increases. Food products in Cambodia come from two main sources: terrestrial and aquatic. In this sense, aquaculture has been playing very important roles to produce aquatic food products in order to provide the sustainability of national food security, economy and also minimize the pressure on Cambodia’s capture fisheries. Aquaculture production in Cambodia has grown by an average of 20 % per year over the past decade, increasing from less than 50,000 metric tons in 2008 to 207,443 metric tons in 2017. However, disease is considered as the most serious problem that can limit the aquaculture production in many countries in the world including Cambodia. Previous reports showed that in 1999 intensive shrimp farming systems in Cambodia were severely affected by White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), Monodon Baculovirus (MBV) and Yellow Head Virus (YHV). Hence, shrimp farming areas dropped from 1,000 hectares to 850 hectares in the year 2000 and gradually decreased each year. WSSV is the most serious threat faced by the shrimp farmers in Cambodia and is probably the major cause of direct losses of up to $ 14.5 million per year. During 2011–2013, white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was seriously infected by Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS) in Koh Kong Province. To date, extensive and semi-intensive shrimp farming have started mainly in Kampot, Kep and Preah Sihanouk and Koh Kong. Only one super intensive RAS Indoor white leg shrimp farm in Kampot operated in 2019.
Recently, fish health monitoring of freshwater fish farms in 10 provinces and sea bass farms in three coastal provinces were conducted by the cooperation of central officers, officers from Marine Aquaculture Research and Development Center (MARDeC) and provincial officers. Fish samples were diagnosed and analyzed in Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory of MARDeC. The results showed that several of fish pathogens were identified such as fish parasites: Trichodina sp., Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Epistylis, Apisoma, Dactylogyrus sp., Gyrodactylus sp., Argulus sp., Acanthocephalan, Henneguya sp., Cryptocaryon irritans, Caligus sp., Lernaea sp., Benedinia sp., Ancyrocephalidae sp., Amyloodinium sp. and Myxozoa sp. Pathogenic bacteria: Aeromonas spp., Edwardsiella ictaluri. Fungi: Aphanomyces invadans and Saprolegnia sp. Diagnostic laboratories can perform level I and II but not for all species of aquatic animals and diseases; level III is not yet effectively performed due to the lack of facilities, skills and knowledge
Promotion of sustainable aquaculture, aquatic animal health, and resource enhancement in Southeast Asia: Proceedings of the international workshop on the promotion of sustainable aquaculture, aquatic animal health, and resource enhancement in Southeast Asia, 25–27 June 2019, Iloilo City, Philippines
No full textThis publication is a product of the workshop and compiles information from the thirty presentations made during the event. Reports from member countries, invited experts, and SEAFDEC/AQD projects supported by the GOJ-TF on the topics of sustainable aquaculture, resource enhancement, and aquatic animal health are bared in these pages. The workshop summary, synthesizing the key points raised during the workshop, should be a valuable reference on the broad challenges we face, as well as the solutions and actions that must be done