38869 research outputs found
Sort by
Factors contributing to normothermia in people with a major burn injury in the first 24 hours of hospital admission
No full textThrough a retrospective chart audit, this research revealed that the body temperature of a burn-injured person on admission to hospital is a key factor in contributing to normothermia following hypothermia. This finding will assist patients immediate emergency care needs
Chapter twelve: The marketisation of aged care: The impact of aged care reform in Australia
No full textWillis, EM ORCiD: 0000-0001-7576-971XAustralia, in common with a number of Western countries, is opening the provision of aged care to market forces. The marketisation of aged care has been associated with increased service provision by private, (often) for-profit service providers, consumer choice and greater financial contribution by users. Older people are constructed as the consumers of these services. Underpinning this strategy is the belief that the creation of a market for aged care will ensure quality care through consumer choice between competing services and greater consumer control of these services. This chapter critically examines recent changes in policy and legislation which have enabled greater private for-profit ownership of residential aged care facilities, and consumer contributions to the cost of residential aged care through interest from a refundable accommodation deposit. It examines the impact of these changes on the ownership of residential aged care facilities, identifying increasing private for-profit ownership. These changes are rationalised by consumer-directed care (CDC). We critically examine CDC through exploring the assumptions underpinning it and evidence for capacity for consumer choice. The chapter concludes with a discussion of regulatory changes, noting that current standards provide limited capacity to address poor quality care arising from poor staffing of facilities. © The Author(s) 2020
Cryopreservation of in vitro-produced bovine embryos by vitrification: In pursuit of a simplified, standardized procedure that improves pregnancy rates to promote cattle industry use
No full textTaylor-Robinson, AW ORCiD: 0000-0001-7342-8348The goal of cryopreservation is to retain the original stage of gametes and embryos after they have endured cooling and warming. Slow freezing is a standard method for in vivo-derived bovine embryo cryopreservation, three fifths of such embryos being frozen by this method globally. However, it is evident that slow freezing is not efficient for cryopreserving in vitro-produced bovine embryos. Hence, only one-third of in vitro-produced bovine embryos are cryopreserved. Vitrification is a preferred method for storage of human embryos; consequently, it has been explored as a novel means to store in vitro-produced bovine embryos, for which it shows considerable promise as an alternative to slow freezing. This is due to several reasons: vitrification is often less time-consuming than slow freezing; it does not need expensive slow rate freezing machines; and it has been proven to have comparatively higher survival rates. Yet, in the cattle industry vitrification continues to present shortcomings, such as possible toxicity of vitrification solutions and failure to standardize methods, which pose a challenge for its application to in vitro-produced bovine embryos. Therefore, determining the most suitable procedure is crucial to make vitrification more practical in commercial settings
Optimisation and validation of a nutritional intervention to enhance sleep quality and quantity
No full textSargent, C ORCiD: 0000-0001-5340-4701BACKGROUND: Disturbed sleep may negatively influence physical health, cognitive performance, metabolism, and general wellbeing. Nutritional interventions represent a potential non-pharmacological means to increase sleep quality and quantity. OBJECTIVE: (1) Identify an optimal suite of nutritional ingredients and (2) validate the effects of this suite utilising polysomnography, and cognitive and balance tests. METHODS: The optimal and least optimal combinations of six ingredients were identified utilising 55 male participants and a Box-Behnken predictive model. To validate the model, 18 healthy, male, normal sleepers underwent three trials in a randomised, counterbalanced design: (1) optimal drink, (2) least optimal drink, or (3) placebo were provided before bed in a double-blinded manner. Polysomnography was utilised to measure sleep architecture. Cognitive performance, postural sway, and subjective sleep quality, were assessed 30 min after waking. RESULTS: The optimal drink resulted in a significantly shorter sleep onset latency (9.9 ± 12.3 min) when compared to both the least optimal drink (26.1 ± 37.4 min) and the placebo drink (19.6 ± 32.0 min). No other measures of sleep, cognitive performance, postural sway, and subjective sleep quality were different between trials. CONCLUSION: A combination of ingredients, optimised to enhance sleep, significantly reduced sleep onset latency. No detrimental effects on sleep architecture, subjective sleep quality or next day performance were observed
Factors influencing missed nursing care for older people following fragility hip fracture
No full textWillis, EM ORCiD: 0000-0001-7576-971XBackground: Older people suffering fragility hip fractures are among the most fragile and vulnerable hospital patients. They often have complex care needs due to pre-existing and chronic conditions which may exacerbate as a consequence of surgery and hospitalisation. When deviations from best practice occur, care can be missed. Aim: To identify factors that influence missed care for the older person with a hip fracture; inform recommendations for change and highlight the need for further research to achieve best practice nursing care for older people following a fragility hip fracture. Methods: A scoping review was conducted using databases Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Medline and Scopus, using a combination of keywords. Findings: Twenty-two relevant papers published between 2010-2018 were identified illustrating areas where nursing care was missed for either patients with hip fractures, older patients or both. Discussion: This paper has reviewed literature related to nursing care for older people following a hip fracture to determine what nursing care may be missed; why it is missed and to identify strategies to improve outcomes through reducing the impact of missed nursing care for this population. Existing missed care literature usually focusses upon structural and organisational issues to the detriment of other factors. Conclusion: Missed nursing care for the hospitalised older person with a hip fracture can be organised under three broad themes: organisational factors, nurse and patient characteristics. © 2019 Australian College of Nursing Lt
Are conflicts property? Re-examining the ownership of conflict in restorative justice
No full textSuzuki, M ORCiD: 0000-0002-7925-2141Nils Christie’s concept of ‘conflicts as property’ has become axiomatic within restorative justice (RJ) as justification for victim involvement and redress, offender accountability and reintegration, and community involvement in RJ conferencing practices. In this article, we revisit the concept of conflicts as property as a theoretical premise for the use of RJ. We suggest that restorative conferencing practices used to address criminal matters in most English-speaking countries or jurisdictions evidence many of the same concerns voiced by Christie four decades ago in his critique of the ‘stealing’ of conflicts more rightly owned by victims, offenders and communities. We further argue that the institutionalisation of RJ has embedded its practices into highly unequal justice systems, with little evidence of how RJ may enable people or communities to ‘own’ conflicts in ways that do not mirror existing lines of social marginalisation and inequality. </jats:p
Understanding bike-sharing users’ willingness to participate in repairing damaged bicycles: Evidence from China
No full textZhao, X ORCiD: 0000-0003-0153-5173In the past three years, many studies have been conducted on dockless bike sharing (DBS) around the world. However, these studies have focused minimally on the problem of damaged bicycles, which is critical to a DBS system’s operating efficiency, user satisfaction and platform sustainability. The objectives of this study are to develop an integrated theoretical framework based on the normative activation model and examining the impact mechanism of users’ willingness to participate in repairing damaged bicycles. To achieve these objectives, a questionnaire survey was undertaken with a total of 633 DBS users from 27 provinces and municipalities in Mainland China. Empirical results confirm that the theoretical framework can provide a strong rationale for the investigation into DBS users’ willingness to participate in repairing damaged bicycles. Furthermore, internal psychological factors (i.e., personal norms, awareness of consequences, and perceived consumer effectiveness) and external intervention factors (i.e., platform incentives and service response efficiency) had positive effects on users’ participation willingness. Nevertheless, information publicity did not play a significantly direct role but indirectly affected the participation willingness through personal norms. Service response efficiency tended to moderate the impacts of personal norms and awareness of consequences on participation willingness. Eventually, some practical approaches to motivating users to participate in repairing damaged bicycles are proposed. This study extends the theory of normative activation model to better understand the behaviors of DBS users who participate in repairing damaged bicycles, and contributes significant theoretical and practical insights to the sustainability of DBS systems
Addressing inequality and intolerance in human–wildlife coexistence
No full textSmith, BP ORCiD: 0000-0002-0873-3917Millennia of human conflict with wildlife have built a culture of intolerance toward wildlife among some stakeholders. We explored 2 key obstacles to improved human–wildlife coexistence: coexistence inequality (how the costs and benefits of coexisting with wildlife are unequally shared) and intolerance. The costs of coexisting with wildlife are often disproportionately borne by the so-called global south and rural communities, and the benefits often flow to the global north and urban dwellers. Attitudes and behaviors toward wildlife (tolerance versus intolerance) vary with social and cultural norms. We suggest more empathetic advocacy is needed that, for example, promotes conservation while appropriately considering those who bear the costs of conflict with wildlife. To achieve more equitable cost-sharing, we suggest limiting the costs incurred by those most affected or by sharing those costs more widely. For example, we advocate for the development of improved wildlife compensation schemes, increasing the scale of rewilding efforts, and preventing wildlife-derived revenue leaching out of the local communities bearing the costs of coexistence. © 2020 Society for Conservation Biolog
COVID-19 Jobkeeper and stand down under the Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth): A review of the law
No full textLambropoulos, VE ORCiD: 0000-0002-1818-777XThe Coronavirus (COVID-19) employment law amendments are a peculiar invention arising out of the unprecedented economic times which we are facing as a nation. This article looks at the legislative responses to the Coronavirus pandemic in the area of employment law. It sets out the pre-existing law in relation to stand down and redundancy. It then examines it in the light of the recent amendments to the Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth) contained in the new Part 6-4C. A number of the new powers given to employers have been curbed by the requirement that they be exercised reasonably. It is unclear how reasonableness will be interpreted in these unique times. The article concludes that the amendments were necessary to address the inflexibility of the stand down framework. We now have something that looks like stand down, but is not stand down, as we have known it
Overview of theories and empirical findings relevant to psychopathic personality characteristics amongst high-functioning populations
No full textBrooks, NS ORCiD: 0000-0003-1784-099XThis book brings together a collection of theoretical and empirical work on psychopathy, and related personality traits, particularly as they manifest in a noncriminal context. There has been a growing body of work over the past two decades which examines psychopathy outside of the realm of criminal populations and this book aims to contribute to the debate about what many authors have referred to as the “paradox” of psychopathy, namely that while many psychopathic traits are damaging and harmful, in certain circumstances these same characteristics may convey an advantage and allow the individual to achieve a measure of success. Throughout the book, we will present research in which theories, classification systems and clinical descriptions of psychopathy have highlighted the potential for adaptive traits associated with this personality construct to manifest in positive outcomes, particularly in a business context. We begin in the current chapter with a broad overview of definitions of psychopathy as well as some of the primary theories that explain the psychopathic personality as a whole. In the second half of the chapter, we will examine the evidence for adaptive and positive outcomes associated with the disorder