58491 research outputs found
Sort by
Untangling More-Than-Human Design Words and Worlds: Cautionary Insights and Considerations
No full textSHIFTING PERSPEKTIVES – EXPLORING THE UNKOWN:1 Introduction
2 Collectivity and the politics of participation
3 Imploding the More-Than-Human here and now
4 The More-Than-Human is not only here and not only now
5 Resisting the spell of words
Acknowledgements
ReferencesMore-than-human design endeavours are expressions of a crisis of design amidst far wider onto-epistemological tensions. While driven by a desire to create alternatives to the Western dualist ontology of separation that finds its roots in the modern/colonial project, uncritically adopting posthuman concepts and vocabularies into design
practices risks reinforcing the very logics it aims to challenge. Do nonhumans do, or are they made to do? This paper does not focus on how to design with nonhumans but instead explores whether terms like ‹multispecies collaboration› and ‹more-than-human collective› accurately describe these relationships. To this end, it examines power
dynamics within more-than-human design experiments, emphasising the importance of addressing issues of provenance, consent, and labour. Attending to these concerns and refraining from assumptions of collectivity in more-than-human design activities may help prevent the theory from fully collapsing in practice.:1 Introduction
2 Collectivity and the politics of participation
3 Imploding the More-Than-Human here and now
4 The More-Than-Human is not only here and not only now
5 Resisting the spell of words
Acknowledgements
Reference
Cytotoxicity of Medicinal Plant Species Used by Traditional Healers in Treating People Suffering From HIV/AIDS in Uganda
No full textIntroduction: Many people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) in Uganda widely use herbal medicines. However, their toxicity and safety have not been investigated. The use of these plants can potentially cause harmful effects to the health of patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity of some commonly used medicinal plant species used by PLHIV. Methods: The cytotoxicity of the plant extracts was determined with the AlamarBlue cell viability assay using the human glioblastoma cell line U87.CD4.CXCR4. The cells were treated with varying concentrations of extracts of Warburgia ugandensis, Erythrina abyssinica, Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, Albizia coriaria, Psorospermum febrifugium, Gymnosporia senegalensis, Zanthoxylum chalybeum, Securidaca longipendunculata, Vachellia hockii, Gardenia ternifolia, and Bridelia micrantha reconstituted with ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Using regression analysis, the half maximal cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of the plant extracts were calculated from exponential curve fits, since they provided the highest coefficient of determination, R2. Results: The ethanol extracts of W. ugandensis (CC50 = 7.6 μg/ml) and A. coriaria (CC50 = 1.5 μg/ml) as well as the DMSO-reconstituted extracts of W. ugandensis (CC50 = 6.4 μg/ml) and A. coriria (CC50 = < 4 μg/ml) were highly cytotoxic. The cytotoxicity of W. ugandensis and A. coriaria compared well with the indigenous traditional knowledge of the toxic effects experienced when the plants were not used correctly. However, the cytotoxicity of most of the plant extracts (15/22) was low to moderate (CC50 = 21-200 μg/ml). Conclusion: Most of the plant species tested in this study had low to moderate cytotoxicity against U87.CD4.CXCR4 cells, except W. ugandensis and A. coriria which were highly cytotoxic
Process Engineering and Radiochemical Development on the Cyclotron-based Production of Theranostic Radiometals
No full textThe work presented here aims to increase the availability of non-standard radionuclides for nuclear medicine purposes. Alternative production routes for four radiometallic nuclides, including a novel radiometal, were investigated and optimized. The production of medically relevant radionuclides, namely 61Cu, 67Cu, 67Ga and 133La was investigated on the basis of the higher proton energy of up to 30 MeV that the existing cyclotron makes possible
An Extract-Transform-Load Process Design for the Incremental Loading of German Real-World Data Based on FHIR and OMOP CDM: Algorithm Development and Validation
No full textBackground: In the Medical Informatics in Research and Care in University Medicine (MIRACUM) consortium, an IT-based clinical trial recruitment support system was developed based on the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) Common Data Model (CDM). Currently, OMOP CDM is populated with German Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) using an Extract-Transform-Load (ETL) process, which was designed as a bulk load. However, the computational effort that comes with an everyday full load is not efficient for daily recruitment.
Objective: The aim of this study is to extend our existing ETL process with the option of incremental loading to efficiently support daily updated data.
Methods: Based on our existing bulk ETL process, we performed an analysis to determine the requirements of incremental loading. Furthermore, a literature review was conducted to identify adaptable approaches. Based on this, we implemented three methods to integrate incremental loading into our ETL process. Lastly, a test suite was defined to evaluate the incremental loading for data correctness and performance compared to bulk loading.
Results: The resulting ETL process supports bulk and incremental loading. Performance tests show that the incremental load took 87.5% less execution time than the bulk load (2.12 min compared to 17.07 min) related to changes of 1 day, while no data differences occurred in OMOP CDM.
Conclusions: Since incremental loading is more efficient than a daily bulk load and both loading options result in the same amount of data, we recommend using bulk load for an initial load and switching to incremental load for daily updates. The resulting incremental ETL logic can be applied internationally since it is not restricted to German FHIR profiles
Pediculated Accessory Liver Lobe with Gallbladder in a Preterm with Umbilical Cord Hernia
No full textBackground: Accessory liver lobes are a rare finding and only a few case reports of
accessory liver lobes in abdominal wall defects have been reported so far. In the case of a congenital
wall defect including liver parenchyma, there is still an ongoing debate on the definition of the
abdominal wall defect and best care practice. Even though congenital abdominal wall defects are
frequently diagnosed in prenatal screenings, controversy on the underlying etiology, embryology
and underlying anatomy remains. Prenatal distinction between omphalocele and hernia into the
cord cannot always be obtained; however, due to its clinical relevance for postnatal management
and counseling of parents, accurate diagnosis is essential. (2) Case Presentation: We describe the
uncommon postnatal finding of a pediculated accessory liver lobe with gallbladder in a preterm
with umbilical cord hernia, which was prenatally diagnosed as omphalocele. Postnatal examination
revealed an amniotic sac with a diameter of six and a small abdominal wall defect of three centimeters
in diameter. Postnatal management included resection of the accessory liver lobe and gallbladder
and closure of the defect. (3) Results and (4) Conclusions: Throughout the literature, the distinction
between umbilical cord hernia and omphalocele has been variable. This has led to confusion and
difficulties regarding postnatal treatment options. In order to achieve an accurate prenatal and/or
postnatal diagnosis, the morphological differences and clinical manifestation of umbilical cord
hernia and omphalocele need to be assessed. Further embryological studies are warranted to
understand the underlying embryological pathology of omphalocele and umbilical cord hernia and
offer appropriate treatment. In consideration of possibly severe complications in the case of the
torsion of a pedunculated accessory liver lobe, we strongly recommend primary removal once pre- or
intraoperative identification has been made
Analysis of material degradation and its effect on weld seam strength during serial hot gas welding
No full textIn order to achieve short cycle times, gas temperatures of 500 °C or higher are used for welding plastics by means of serial hot gas welding. These temperatures are often distinctly higher than the decomposition temperature of the plastic to be joined. The thermal stresses can lead to chemical degradation and physical aging. This can negatively affect the lifetime of the weld and lead to premature failure. In this study, the fusion layers of polypropylene and polyamide are analyzed in terms of their thermal and thermal oxidative degradation using viscometry and FTIR spectroscopy. The results show that a detection of chain degradation and degradation products in the individual melt layer depths is possible. Furthermore, correlations between the depth of degradation and the weld strength can be identified. This characterization shows the first results of a holistic approach to the influence of thermal degradation in the weld seam as a function of the process parameters and their effects on weld seam properties. With the right joining strategy, it is possible to achieve high weld strength without the use of nitrogen and the associated material degradation. This could result in a significant cost reduction for the industry
Exploiting Data-Level-Parallelism for Modern In-Memory OLAP Query Engines
No full textThe development of in-memory query engines is constantly adapting to evolving hardware features to maintain high performance for modern data analytics.
To achieve this, parallelizing query processing is crucial for leveraging the full potential of modern hardware.
While traditional parallelization techniques like multi-threading and distributed computing are well-established, the increasing availability and continuous advancements of data-level parallelism, known as Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD), have made SIMD a cutting-edge approach for improving single-query performance.
Three general trends can be identified in the evolution of SIMD hardware: (i) continual increase in the available degree of data-level parallelism through wider SIMD registers, (ii) ongoing expansion of functional capabilities, and (iii) notable heterogeneity of the SIMD hardware landscape.
The increasing width of SIMD registers, ranging from 128-bit to 512-bit for Intel and ARM platforms and up to 16 Kb on the NEC SX-Aurora TSUBASA vector engine, provides significant potential for data-level parallelism.
This trend benefits query operators with linear access patterns, such as simple scans or arithmetic operations.
However, it can negatively impact operators that rely on random access patterns or introduce loop-carried dependencies, such as sorting or a Hash-Join.
With the introduction of novel instruction set extensions, like Intel's AVX-512, the functional capabilities of SIMD hardware have been continuously extended, allowing more complex operations to be efficiently executed in parallel.
Consequently, this thesis outlines the opportunities and challenges of wider SIMD registers for in-memory query processing and how novel instruction set extensions can be used to mitigate some challenges.
Additionally, the SIMD hardware landscape has become increasingly heterogeneous, with different architectures available.
This diversity poses a significant challenge for academia and industry, as it requires constant adaptation and re-evaluation of SIMD-based algorithms and data structures.
To address this challenge, we implemented a SIMD hardware abstraction library called Template SIMD Library (TSL), which provides a unified interface to different architectures.
In this thesis, we present the design and implementation of TSL, demonstrating its capabilities by implementing a set of SIMD-based algorithms for in-memory query processing. We also show that even modern FPGAs benefit from the SIMD paradigm and can be programmed using high-level synthesis tools, such as Intel's oneAPI.
Moreover, we demonstrate the potential of SIMD-based FPGA programming by implementing SIMD-based algorithms for in-memory query processing on different FPGA cards and integrating the necessary functionality into the TSL.
Finally, we propose a novel workload-aware SIMD query processing approach called SIMQ.
This approach leverages SIMD registers to share data access and SIMD instructions to share computation across queries.:1 Introduction
1.1 Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD)
1.1.1 Utilizing SIMD
1.1.2 SIMD in OLAP Query Processing
1.2 Thesis Goals and Contributions
1.2.1 Implications of SIMD Advancements on Analytical Query Processing
1.2.2 Leveraging SIMD to Optimize OLAP Query Throughput
1.2.3 Embracing the Heterogeneity of SIMD-aware Hardware
1.3 Impact of Thesis Contributions
1.3.1 Publications of Thesis Contribution
1.3.2 Open Source Contributions
1.3.3 Further Publications
1.4 Structure of the Thesis
2 Evaluating the Vector Supercomputer SX-Aurora TSUBASA
2.1 Problem Statement
2.2 Hardware System SX-Aurora TSUBASA
2.2.1 Overall Architecture
2.2.2 Vector Processing and Specific Systems
2.2.3 Execution Model and Programming Approach
2.3 MorphStore — In-Memory Database System
2.4 Comparative Evaluation
2.4.1 Selected Investigated Operations
2.4.2 Experimental Setup and Methodology
2.4.3 Single-Thread Evaluation Results
2.4.4 Multi-Thread Evaluation Results
2.4.5 Summary
2.5 Future Work
2.6 Conclusion
3 Fighting Duplicates in Hashing
3.1 Problem Statement
3.2 Background
3.2.1 Linear Probing
3.2.2 State-of-the-Art Vectorized Implementation of Linear Probing
3.2.3 Novel SIMD Instructions
3.3 CD-aware Vectorized Implementation of Linear Probing
3.3.1 CD-aware Hash Table Data Structures
3.3.2 Handling of Bucket Duplicates
3.3.3 Handling of Key Duplicates
3.4 Experimental Evaluation
3.4.1 Evaluation Result for Hashing without Value Handling
3.4.2 Evaluation Results for Hashing with Value Handling
3.5 Related Work
3.6 Conclusion and Future Work
4 Leveraging SIMD to Optimize OLAP Query Throughput
4.1 Problem Statement
4.2 Background and Related Work
4.2.1 Vectorization in General
4.2.2 Vectorization in Database Systems
4.2.3 Work Sharing in Database Systems
4.3 Sharing Vector Registers
4.3.1 SISQ: Single Instruction Single Query
4.3.2 SIMQ: Single Instruction Multiple Queries
4.4 Evaluation
4.4.1 Single-Threaded Evaluation
4.4.2 Multi-Threaded Evaluation
4.5 Discussion
4.6 Conclusion
5 Program your (custom) SIMD instruction set on FPGA in C++
5.1 Problem Statement
5.2 FPGA Programming in C++
5.2.1 Naïve C++ programming
5.2.2 Data Parallel C++ programming.
5.2.3 Using specialized data types
5.2.4 Analyzing FPGA resources
5.2.5 Summary
5.3 Programming SIMD instruction set
5.3.1 Register Definition
5.3.2 Instruction Definition
5.3.3 Comparing with RTL kernels
5.4 Use Case Studies
5.4.1 FilterCount
5.4.2 Binary Packing
5.5 Custom SIMD instructions
5.6 DPC++ Best practices
5.7 Related Work
5.8 Conclusion
6 Mastering the SIMD Heterogeneity
6.1 Problem Statement
6.2 Background
6.2.1 Applicability
6.2.2 Evolving API
6.3 TSLGen - Generative Framework
6.3.1 General Concepts
6.3.2 Framework Description
6.4 Advanced Features
6.4.1 Test Generation
6.4.2 Build Environment Files Generation
6.4.3 Further Extensions
6.4.4 Toolsupport
6.5 Use-Case Studies
6.5.1 Case Studies Description
6.5.2 Applicability
6.5.3 Extensibility
6.6 Discussion
6.7 Related Work
6.8 Conclusion
7 Tutorial on SIMD - Foundations, Abstraction, and Advanced Techniques
7.1 Problem Statement
7.2 Foundations
7.3 Abstraction
7.4 Advanced Techniques
7.4.1 Wider SIMD Registers
7.4.2 Flexibly-Sized SIMD Registers
7.4.3 Partition-based SIMD Processing
7.4.4 Increasing Heterogeneity
7.5 SummaryKontinuierlich wachsende Mengen an zu verwaltenden Daten und komplexer werdende analytische Anfragen erfordern eine stetige Weiterentwicklung und Verbesserung von In-Memory Query Engines.
Die effiziente Ausnutzung sich ständig weiterentwickelnder Hardware-Features fällt dabei eine entscheidende Rolle zu.
Ein grundlegender Ansatz zur Beschleunigung von Algorithmen besteht in der Parallelisierung der Verarbeitung.
Neben Scale-up und Scale-out Ansätzen, wie Multi-Thread beziehungsweiße Distributed Computing, existiert die Möglichkeit der Datenlevel parallelen (Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD)) Verarbeitung.
Durch die zunehmende Verfügbarkeit und kontinuierliche Weiterentwicklung ist vorallem SIMD eine häufig eingesetzte Technik zur Beschleunigung verschiedenster Algorithmen in Forschung und Industrie geworden.
Drei allgemeine Trends lassen sich im Bezug auf die Entwicklung von SIMD-Hardware identifizieren: (i) eine kontinuierliche Zunahme des verfügbaren Grades an Datenparallelismus durch breitere SIMD-Register, (ii) eine kontinuierliche Erweiterung des Funktionsumfangs und (iii) eine große Heterogenität der SIMD-Hardware-Landschaft.
Die zunehmende Breite der verfügbaren SIMD-Register, die von 128 bit bis 512 bit für Inel und ARM Plattformen und bis zu 16 Kb auf der NEC SX-Aurora TSUBASA reicht, nützt vorallem Algorithmen mit linearem Zugriffsmuster ohne relevante Abhängigkeiten zwischen den einzelnen zu verarbeitenden Daten.
Algorithmen welche auf nicht-lineare Zugriffsmuster angewiesen sind oder deren Verhalten stark von den zu Grunde liegenden Daten abhängig ist, können jedoch häufig nicht von einem höheren Grad an Datenlevel Parallelismus profitieren.
Ein Beispiel für solch einen Algorithmus ist der Hash-Join, dessen Ziel es ist, zwei Relationen über einen gemeinsamen Schlüssel zu verknüpfen.
Durch die Einführung neuer Befehlssatzerweiterungen wie AVX-512 von Intel werden die funktionalen Fähigkeiten der der verfügbaren SIMD-Hardware kontinuierlich erweitert, wodurch bisherige Annahmen neu bewertet werden müssen.
Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen breiterer SIMD-Register für die In-Memory Anfrageverarbeitung und inwiefern neue Befehlssatzerweiterungen genutzt werden können, um wichtige Herausforderungen in der Datenlevel paralleln Verarbeitung zu bewältigen.
Der dritte Trend, die zunehmende Ausdifferenzierung verfügbarer Hardware erschwert den konsistenten Einsatz von SIMD.
Unterschiedliche Funktionen, Datentypen und Konzepte verhindern eine einfache Portierung bereits optimierter Algorithmen.
Neue Funktionalitäten erfordern mitunter eine architekturspezifische Anpassung des gesamten Algorithmus um vorhandene Möglichkeiten bestmöglich auszunutzen.
Um dieser Herausforderung zu begegnen, wird die im Rahmen dieser Dissertation entwickelte SIMD-Hardwareabstraktionsbibliothek namens Template SIMD Library (TSL) vorgestellt, die eine einheitliche Schnittstelle bereitstellt um auf einer Vielzahl von Architekturen mit unterschiedlichen Datentypen Datenlevel parallelität auszunutzen.
Darüber hinaus wird gezeigt, dass selbst moderne FPGAs vom SIMD-Paradigma profitieren und mit Hilfe von high-level synthesis Tools (HLS) wie Intels oneAPI programmiert werden können.
Das Potenzial von SIMD zur Beschleunigung der Verarbeitung auf FPGAs wird durch diverse Benchmarks von Datenbank-spezifischen Algorithmen auf zwei verschiedenen FPGA-Karten aufgezeigt und die erforderliche Funktionalität in die TSL integriert.
Während alle bisherigen Ansätze zum Einsatz von SIMD in der In-Memory Anfrageverarbeitung auf die Beschleunigung einzelner Anfragen abzielten, wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit ein neues Konzept zur Workload-Optimierung namens SIMQ vorgestellt.
Dieser Ansatz nutzt SIMD-Register als von der Hardware bereitgestellte Ressource, um gemeinsame Datenzugriffe unterschiedlicher Anfragen zusammenzuführen.:1 Introduction
1.1 Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD)
1.1.1 Utilizing SIMD
1.1.2 SIMD in OLAP Query Processing
1.2 Thesis Goals and Contributions
1.2.1 Implications of SIMD Advancements on Analytical Query Processing
1.2.2 Leveraging SIMD to Optimize OLAP Query Throughput
1.2.3 Embracing the Heterogeneity of SIMD-aware Hardware
1.3 Impact of Thesis Contributions
1.3.1 Publications of Thesis Contribution
1.3.2 Open Source Contributions
1.3.3 Further Publications
1.4 Structure of the Thesis
2 Evaluating the Vector Supercomputer SX-Aurora TSUBASA
2.1 Problem Statement
2.2 Hardware System SX-Aurora TSUBASA
2.2.1 Overall Architecture
2.2.2 Vector Processing and Specific Systems
2.2.3 Execution Model and Programming Approach
2.3 MorphStore — In-Memory Database System
2.4 Comparative Evaluation
2.4.1 Selected Investigated Operations
2.4.2 Experimental Setup and Methodology
2.4.3 Single-Thread Evaluation Results
2.4.4 Multi-Thread Evaluation Results
2.4.5 Summary
2.5 Future Work
2.6 Conclusion
3 Fighting Duplicates in Hashing
3.1 Problem Statement
3.2 Background
3.2.1 Linear Probing
3.2.2 State-of-the-Art Vectorized Implementation of Linear Probing
3.2.3 Novel SIMD Instructions
3.3 CD-aware Vectorized Implementation of Linear Probing
3.3.1 CD-aware Hash Table Data Structures
3.3.2 Handling of Bucket Duplicates
3.3.3 Handling of Key Duplicates
3.4 Experimental Evaluation
3.4.1 Evaluation Result for Hashing without Value Handling
3.4.2 Evaluation Results for Hashing with Value Handling
3.5 Related Work
3.6 Conclusion and Future Work
4 Leveraging SIMD to Optimize OLAP Query Throughput
4.1 Problem Statement
4.2 Background and Related Work
4.2.1 Vectorization in General
4.2.2 Vectorization in Database Systems
4.2.3 Work Sharing in Database Systems
4.3 Sharing Vector Registers
4.3.1 SISQ: Single Instruction Single Query
4.3.2 SIMQ: Single Instruction Multiple Queries
4.4 Evaluation
4.4.1 Single-Threaded Evaluation
4.4.2 Multi-Threaded Evaluation
4.5 Discussion
4.6 Conclusion
5 Program your (custom) SIMD instruction set on FPGA in C++
5.1 Problem Statement
5.2 FPGA Programming in C++
5.2.1 Naïve C++ programming
5.2.2 Data Parallel C++ programming.
5.2.3 Using specialized data types
5.2.4 Analyzing FPGA resources
5.2.5 Summary
5.3 Programming SIMD instruction set
5.3.1 Register Definition
5.3.2 Instruction Definition
5.3.3 Comparing with RTL kernels
5.4 Use Case Studies
5.4.1 FilterCount
5.4.2 Binary Packing
5.5 Custom SIMD instructions
5.6 DPC++ Best practices
5.7 Related Work
5.8 Conclusion
6 Mastering the SIMD Heterogeneity
6.1 Problem Statement
6.2 Background
6.2.1 Applicability
6.2.2 Evolving API
6.3 TSLGen - Generative Framework
6.3.1 General Concepts
6.3.2 Framework Description
6.4 Advanced Features
6.4.1 Test Generation
6.4.2 Build Environment Files Generation
6.4.3 Further Extensions
6.4.4 Toolsupport
6.5 Use-Case Studies
6.5.1 Case Studies Description
6.5.2 Applicability
6.5.3 Extensibility
6.6 Discussion
6.7 Related Work
6.8 Conclusion
7 Tutorial on SIMD - Foundations, Abstraction, and Advanced Techniques
7.1 Problem Statement
7.2 Foundations
7.3 Abstraction
7.4 Advanced Techniques
7.4.1 Wider SIMD Registers
7.4.2 Flexibly-Sized SIMD Registers
7.4.3 Partition-based SIMD Processing
7.4.4 Increasing Heterogeneity
7.5 Summar
Wahrnehmung von fazialen und dentalen Asymmetrien und ihre Auswirkungen auf die mundgesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität von Kindern und Jugendlichen
No full textZiel dieser Studie war es, die Wahrnehmung von fazialen und dentalen Asymmetrien bei Kindern und Jugendlichen zu untersuchen und zu ermitteln, wie diese Asymmetrien ihr psychosoziales und emotionales Wohlbefinden beeinflussen.:1 Einführung
1.1 Mundgesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität
1.2 Dentale Mittellinienverschiebung
1.2.1 Wahrnehmung von Mittellinienverschiebungen
1.3 Dentofaziale Asymmetrien
1.4 Stereofotogrammetrie
2 Ziel der Studie
3 Publikationsmanuskript
4 Zusammenfassung der Arbeit
5 Literaturverzeichnis
6 Anlagen
6.1 Darstellung des eigenen Beitrags
6.2 Selbstständigkeitserklärung
6.3 Tabellarischer Lebenslauf und Publikation
6.4 Danksagun