Institute of Mathematics AS CR, v. v. i.
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    44818 research outputs found

    Regular Variation: From Scale Invariance To Convergence Tests

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    summary:Článek se snaží přiblížit některé aspekty teorie regulární variace. Jde o pojem z klasické analýzy, který má bohatou historii a četné aplikace v teorii pravděpodobnosti, teorii čísel, integrálních transformacích, komplexní analýze, diferenciálních rovnicích, teorii her či teorii grafů. Regulárně měnící se funkce mají souvislost s mnoha matematickými pojmy, včetně škálové invariance, kterou náš výklad začíná, či konvergenčními testy pro nekonečné řady, kterými náš výklad končí. V průběhu výkladu se zastavujeme u některých zásadních momentů vývoje teorie a u vybraných aplikací ve čtyřech z výše jmenovaných oblastí

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    Topological entropy and differential equations

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    summary:On the background of a brief survey panorama of results on the topic in the title, one new theorem is presented concerning a positive topological entropy (i.e. topological chaos) for the impulsive differential equations on the Cartesian product of compact intervals, which is positively invariant under the composition of the associated Poincaré translation operator with a multivalued upper semicontinuous impulsive mapping

    Unique solvability of fractional functional differential equation on the basis of Vallée-Poussin theorem

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    summary:We propose explicit tests of unique solvability of two-point and focal boundary value problems for fractional functional differential equations with Riemann-Liouville derivative

    A diophantine equation involving special prime numbers

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    summary:Let [][{\cdot }] be the floor function. In this paper, we prove by asymptotic formula that when 1<c<344125391<c<\frac {3441}{2539}, then every sufficiently large positive integer NN can be represented in the form N=[p1c]+[p2c]+[p3c]+[p4c]+[p5c], N=[p^c_1]+[p^c_2]+[p^c_3]+[p^c_4]+[p^c_5], where p1p_1, p2p_2, p3p_3, p4p_4, p5p_5 are primes such that p1=x2+y2+1p_1=x^2 + y^2 +1

    A lower bound for the 3-pendant tree-connectivity of lexicographic product graphs

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    summary:For a connected graph G=(V,E)G=(V,E) and a set SV(G)S \subseteq V(G) with at least two vertices, an SS-Steiner tree is a subgraph T=(V,E)T = (V',E') of GG that is a tree with SVS \subseteq V'. If the degree of each vertex of SS in TT is equal to 1, then TT is called a pendant SS-Steiner tree. Two SS-Steiner trees are {\it internally disjoint} if they share no vertices other than SS and have no edges in common. For SV(G)S\subseteq V(G) and S2|S|\geq 2, the pendant tree-connectivity τG(S)\tau _G(S) is the maximum number of internally disjoint pendant SS-Steiner trees in GG, and for k2k \geq 2, the kk-pendant tree-connectivity τk(G)\tau _k(G) is the minimum value of τG(S)\tau _G(S) over all sets SS of kk vertices. We derive a lower bound for τ3(GH)\tau _3(G\circ H), where GG and HH are connected graphs and \circ denotes the lexicographic product

    On the averaging of differential inclusions with maxima

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    summary:We apply the averaging method to ordinary differential inclusions with maxima perturbed by a small parameter and illustrate the method by some examples

    Special sets of reals and weak forms of normality on Isbell--Mrówka spaces

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    summary:We recall some classical results relating normality and some natural weakenings of normality in Ψ\Psi-spaces over almost disjoint families of branches in the Cantor tree to special sets of reals like QQ-sets, λ\lambda-sets and σ\sigma-sets. We introduce a new class of special sets of reals which corresponds to the corresponding almost disjoint family of branches being 0\aleph_0-separated. This new class fits between λ\lambda-sets and perfectly meager sets. We also discuss conditions for an almost disjoint family A\mathcal A being potentially almost-normal (pseudonormal), in the sense that A\mathcal A is almost-normal (pseudonormal) in some c.c.c. forcing extension

    Keplerovy zákony v historických souvislostech

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    summary:Ve středoškolské fyzice se obvykle nejdříve vykládá Newtonův gravitační zákon, na který posléze navazují zákony Keplerovy, které v zásadě (téměř doslova) padají z nebe. V učebnicích je uvedeno, že zákony odvodil Johannes Kepler na základě pozorování a že z nich vyšel Isaac Newton při konstrukci zákona gravitačního, ale už není vysvětleno, jak postupoval. V tomto článku je popsána myšlenková cesta od Keplerových zákonů k Newtonovu gravitačnímu zákonu obdobně, jako byla představena v Newtonových Principiích

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    Institute of Mathematics AS CR, v. v. i.
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