DIGITUM Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Murcia
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Géneros (Meta) literarios digitales y creación audiovisual. Aplicaciones educativas y profesionales
No full textEn 1996, el investigador y sociólogo Manuel Castells dedicaba el primer volumen de su trilogía La era de la información economía, sociedad y cultura a la sociedad red. En este, Castells destaca la enorme velocidad a la que las nuevas tecnologías de la información se habían extendido por el mundo, en tan solo veinte años desde los 70 a los 90. Un proceso de transformación tecnológica con capacidad para generar información, almacenarla, recuperarla, procesarla y transmitirla, en un mundo que “se ha vuelto digital” (Castells, 2005)
Reducing loneliness and social isolation through the HELPeN telephone-call program: results from a randomized controlled trial in older adults living in the community
No full textBackground/Objectives: Loneliness is a significant public health issue among older adults, especially in rural and socioeconomically vulnerable groups. Telephone-based interventions have become a scalable, cost-effective way to reduce social isolation, although evidence of their long-term effects on various health outcomes remains limited. This study aimed to assess how effective HELPeN, a structured telephone program delivered by trained nursing students, is in decreasing loneliness and enhancing psychosocial and cognitive health in community-living older adults. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 119 older adults (≥65 years) residing in the community. Participants were allocated to either an intervention group (n = 65), which received weekly structured telephone calls over 9 months, or a control group (n = 54), which received standard care. Outcomes were evaluated at baseline (M0), mid-intervention (M1–M3), and 3 months after the intervention (M4). The primary outcomes measured included loneliness and perceived social support. Secondary outcomes comprised functional status, comorbidities, depressive symptoms, quality of life, sleep quality, and cognitive function. The data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA with Greenhouse–Geisser correction. Results: Significant group interactions over time were identified for loneliness (F = 5.92, p = 0.001, η2 = 0.067), social support (F = 3.39, p = 0.023, η2 = 0.043), depressive symptoms (F = 3.87, p = 0.019, η2 = 0.046), and cognitive status (F = 5.35, p = 0.002, η2 = 0.063). No significant differences were found for functional status, comorbidity, sleep quality, or quality of life. Conclusions: The HELPeN program demonstrated significant effectiveness in reducing loneliness and social isolation, and in improving emotional, cognitive, and sleep-related outcomes in older adults. As a low-cost and scalable model, this intervention strengthens the role of nursing students in addressing social determinants of health and may be integrated into community and public health strategies targeting vulnerable aging populations
Obtaining PDC and other high-added value products from lignin by in silico genetic engineering in Novosphingobium aromaticivorans
No full textLignin, the second most abundant plant biopolymer on Earth, is produced in large quantities as waste
material by many industries. Researchers have studied bacterial metabolic networks as potential candidates for
integrating lignin into a biotechnological value chain. The GEM used in this work for metabolic engineering is
iNovo479, which simulates themetabolism of Novosphingobium aromaticivorans DSM12444.We have conducted
a study on PDC production and found several intervention strategies to help achieve this goal. These strategies
includemore than just blocking the ligI gene,which has been awell-known approach. Although these new strategies
resulted in a lower yield of PDC relative to biomass formed, they led to a higher cell yield than deleting the ligI
gene. The research presented in this paper focuses on the production of high-value compounds from lignin. Previous
studies have used mutated microorganisms to produce these bioproducts from large amounts of glucose.
However, biosynthesis from lignin would improve productivity and make the fermentation process more costeffective.
Through gene knockouts, we have discovered ways to ensure a minimum production of bioproducts
such as acetaldehyde, citrate, glutarate, glycerol, phenol, and propanoate when growing the N. aromaticivorans
strain using lignin-derived compounds as unique substrates
Preguntas frecuentes sobre Sexenios 2025
No full textDocumento que recoge preguntas frecuentes sobre sexenios de investigación de CNEAI
The death-image in the downfall of representation: Violence and digital reproduction
No full textThis article offers a critical reflection on the image of contemporary death (videos of rapes, beheadings and tortures recorded in real time) in a present traversed by digital reproduc-tion. This image-death, as it is suggested to call this «new» production of images, is interpreted in the light of Jean Luc Nancy’s analysis of the idea of «manifested presence», which is defined as the will of integral visibility and accounts for the spectacle of the annihilation of the represen-tational possibility itself. According to Nancy, this end of representation is located at the time of the emergence of the Nazi extermination camps. Today, many decades later, that moment serves to establish a genealogy to measure the effects of that end with the advent of digital produc-tion and reproduction in the era of «multimedia horror reality», in Marzano’s words. This new device is made manifest in death-images, which are presented as a symptom of this beyond rep-resentation that imposes itself in the face of other possible strategies, as Nancy himself proposed a couple of decades ago with his term «forbidden representation». Within the framework of this new configuration of the digital exhibition device, the subject generates a new link with images, a «new common sense» that emerges in the context of the end of representation and that raises ethical and political problems, already annunced by Ben-jamin or Arendt, such as the atrophy of thought, indifference. In this scenario, the drive (Trieb) finds a fertile field for the dissemination of violence and reveals itself as a symptom that goes beyond the discontentment in the representation.Este artículo ofrece una reflexión crí-tica de la imagen de la muerte contemporánea (vídeos de violaciones, decapitaciones y torturas registradas en tiempo real) en un presente atra-vesado por la reproducción digital. Esta ima-gen-muerte, como se sugiere denominar a esta «nueva» producción de imágenes, se interpreta a la luz del análisis de Jean Luc Nancy de la idea de «presencia manifestada», que se descubre como la voluntad de visibilidad integral y da cuenta del espectáculo del aniquilamiento de la propia posi-bilidad representativa. Según Nancy, este final de la representación se ubica en el momento de emergencia de los campos de exterminio nazi. Hoy, mucho tiempo después, ese momento sirve como genealogía para medir los efectos de ese final con la llegada de la producción y reproduc-ción digital en la época de “la realidad horror multimedia”, en palabras de Marzano. Este nuevo dispositivo se hace manifiesto en las imágenes-muerte, que se presentan como síntoma de este más allá de la representación que se impone frente a otras posibles estrategias, como el propio Nancy planteó un par de décadas atrás con su término «representación prohibida». En el marco de esta nueva configuración del dispositivo de exposición digital, el sujeto genera un nuevo vínculo con las imágenes, un «nuevo sentido común» que emerge en el contexto del final de la representación y que plantea problemas éticos y políticos, ya anuncia-dos por filósofos como Benjamin o Arendt, tales como la atrofia del pensamiento, la indiferencia. En este escenario, la pulsión (Trieb) encuentra un campo fértil para la diseminación de la violencia y se revela como síntoma que va más allá del malestar en la representación
A Black is not a black: Appearance and appearing in Fanon’s phenomenology of embodiment
No full textEste artículo analiza la fenomenología de la corporalidad en Frantz Fanon, demostrando su centralidad para entender la construcción del cuerpo racializado, la subjetividad colonial, el racismo como forma de dominación, y
las posibilidades emancipatorias. A través de conceptos como el esquema epidérmico y el esquema histórico-racial, Fanon sitúa en el contexto histórico del colonialismo y politiza la fenomenología de Merleau-Ponty. De esta manera muestra cómo el racismo reduce al sujeto negro a su cuerpo y cómo limita sus posibilidades de acción. La fenomenología de la corporalidad no se ocupa únicamente de la apariencia, sino que se ocupa de cómo las historias y
las practicas del colonialismo moldean los cuerpos al crear las condiciones para limitar el aparecer de ciertos cuerpos y facilitar el de otros. En el marco del racismo, el aparecer, el traspasar los límites impuestos se convierte en
violencia. La violencia emerge en el propio acto afirmativo; descolonizar es, en sí mismo, un fenómeno violento porque desafía el orden colonial. El artículo se estructura en tres ejes: 1) la producción social del cuerpo del negro, 2) el
enfoque sociogénico como herramienta para estudiar su constitución histórica, y 3) la paradoja del cuerpo locus de alienación racista y desalienación.This article analyzes Frantz Fanon’s phenomenology of embodiment. It shows its centrality in order to understand the construction of the body of the racialized subject, colonial subjectivity, racism as a form of domination, and the emancipatory possibilities. Through concepts such as the epidermal schema and the historic-racial schema, Fanon historicizes and politicizes Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology.Fanon shows how racism reduces black subjects to their bodies and how it limits their possibilities of action. The phenomenology of embodiment does not only deal with the epidermal, but focuses on how histories and practices of colonialism shape the bodies by creating the conditions to limit the appearance of certain bodies and facilitating the appearance of others. In racist societies, appearing, trespassing these imposed limits becomes violence. Violence emerges in the very affirmative act: decolonizing itself is a violent phenomenon since it challenges the colonial order. The article isstructured as follows: 1) the social production of the black body, 2) the sociogenic approach as a tool to study its historical formation, 3) the paradox of the body as locus of racist alienation and disalienation
The socialist concept of culture: a critical review of French, German and English traditions from a discourse analysis perspective.
No full textEn este artículo se examina la evolución del concepto socialista de cultura a través de las tradiciones intelectuales francesa, alemana e inglesa, desde una perspectiva que integra los aportes del círculo de Bajtín, la escuela francesa del discurso y el análisis crítico del discurso. A partir del análisis de fuentes primarias y secundarias, se explora cómo el concepto de cultura en el pensamiento socialista se ha constituido dialógicamente en oposición a las concepciones burguesas individualistas y las nociones elitistas de la alta cultura. El estudio revela que la cultura socialista se caracteriza por su dimensión colectiva, su función ideológica transformadora y su vinculación con la praxis revolucionaria, configurándose como una formación discursiva específica que disputa la hegemonía cultural. Se analiza particularmente la concepción francesa de culture populaire, la distinción alemana entre Kultur y Zivilisation y las contribuciones anglosajonas al materialismo cultural, entendidas como manifestaciones de la heteroglosia cultural y como productos de condiciones sociohistóricas de producción discursiva específicas. La contribución concluye que el concepto socialista de cultura mantiene su relevancia contemporánea como herramienta de análisis crítico y de transformación social, constituyendo un ejemplo paradigmático de cómo los signos culturales adquieren su motivación ideológica en unos contextos de lucha hegemónica.Abstract: In this article we examine the evolution of the socialist concept of culture through French, German and English intellectual traditions, from a perspective that integrates contributions from Bakhtin's circle, the French school of discourse and critical discourse analysis. Based on the analysis of primary and secondary sources, it explores how the concept of culture in socialist thought has been dialogically constituted in opposition to bourgeois individualist conceptions and elitist notions of high culture. The study reveals that socialist culture is characterized by its collective dimension, its transformative ideological function and its connection with revolutionary praxis, configuring itself as a specific discursive formation that disputes cultural hegemony. The French conception of culture populaire, the German distinction between Kultur and Zivilisation and Anglo-Saxon contributions to cultural materialism are particularly analyzed, understood as manifestations of cultural heteroglossia and as products of specific socio-historical conditions of discursive production. The research concludes that the socialist concept of culture maintains its contemporary relevance as a tool for critical analysis and social transformation, constituting a paradigmatic example of how cultural signs acquire ideological motivation in contexts of hegemonic struggle
La calidad en centros educativos públicos con proyectos alternativos
No full textEste trabajo de investigación surge del interés global por la calidad educativa. Se explora el origen del término, sus distintos enfoques y el modelo que predomina en la actualidad, así como los efectos que provoca en el sistema educativo. En contraste con este paradigma, se profundiza en la conceptualización de la educación alternativa, sus propósitos, principios y sus diversas experiencias.
En tanto que la calidad educativa es un término en disputa, esta investigación pretende explorar otras perspectivas del concepto. Por tanto, su objetivo general es conocer cómo la calidad educativa es entendida, desarrollada y evaluada en centros educativos públicos con proyectos educativos alternativos.
Dentro de este objetivo general, la investigación aborda tres objetivos específicos:
- El primero de ellos analiza el concepto de calidad educativa subyacente en cada centro educativo, identificando cómo lo conceptualizan sus equipos directivos y docentes e indagando en la trayectoria de cambio hacia su proyecto educativo actual, del que se analizan su identidad y principios.
- El segundo objetivo específico explora los procesos organizativos y curriculares puestos en práctica por los centros para el desarrollo de la calidad educativa.
- Finalmente, el tercero describe los procedimientos seguidos para la evaluación de la calidad educativa en los centros, considerando tanto los instrumentos empleados como los agentes implicados.
Este estudio se aborda desde un enfoque de investigación cualitativa, empleando como método el estudio de caso de cuatro centros públicos de Educación Infantil y Primaria de la Región de Murcia. Para ello, se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a sus equipos directivos y profesorado, así como el análisis de determinados documentos proporcionados por los centros.
Los resultados muestran que, desde este ámbito, la calidad educativa se entiende, se implementa y se evalúa de forma diferente e incluso opuesta al modelo de calidad imperante y de manera muy similar tanto a conceptualizaciones previas sobre la calidad en la escuela pública como a la forma en que los Movimientos de Renovación Pedagógica la entienden y desarrollan. Por otro lado, este estudio evidencia que tanto la normativa educativa vigente como las estructuras estatales actuales permiten la implementación de este tipo de experiencias, posibilitando su desarrollo en el ámbito público y favoreciendo, de este modo, su accesibilidad a las familias interesadas en estas opciones.This research project stems from a global interest in educational quality. It explores the origin of the term, its different approaches, and the model that currently prevails, as well as the effects it has on the education system. In contrast to this paradigm, it delves into the conceptualization of alternative education, its purposes, principles, and diverse experiences.
As educational quality is a disputed term, this research aims to explore other perspectives on the concept. Therefore, its overall objective is to understand how educational quality is understood, developed, and evaluated in state schools with alternative educational projects.
Within this general objective, the research addresses three specific objectives:
- The first analyses the concept of educational quality underlying each educational centre, identifying how its management teams and teachers conceptualise it and investigating the trajectory of change towards its current educational project, analysing its identity and principles.
- The second specific objective explores the organizational and curricular processes implemented by schools for the development of educational quality.
- Finally, the third describes the procedures followed for evaluating educational quality in schools, considering both the instruments used and the agents involved.
This study takes a qualitative research approach, using case studies from four state nursery and primary schools in the Region of Murcia. To this end, in-depth interviews were conducted with their management teams and teaching staff, and certain documents provided by the schools were analysed.
The results show that, in this area, educational quality is understood, implemented and evaluated differently and even in opposition to the prevailing quality model, and in a manner very similar to both previous conceptualisations of quality in state schools and the way in which the Pedagogical Renewal Movements understand and develop it. On the other hand, this study shows that both current educational regulations and current state structures allow for the implementation of this type of experience, enabling its development in the public sphere and thus promoting its accessibility to families interested in these options
NeuN expression in health and disease: A histological perspective on neuronal heterogeneity
No full textNeuronal nuclei (NeuN), also known as Rbfox3, is a widely used neuronal marker for identifying postmitotic neurons in both basic neuroscience and diagnostic neuropathology. Since its discovery, NeuN immunoreactivity has enabled accurate neuron counting, injury assessment, and anatomical mapping. However, accumulating evidence demonstrates that NeuN is not universally expressed across all mature neurons. Specific neuron types, such as olfactory mitral cells, cerebellar Purkinje cells, and retinal photoreceptors, consistently lack NeuN immunostaining despite functional maturity. Moreover, NeuN expression is dynamically regulated under pathological conditions. In ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s), and traumatic brain injury or epilepsy, selected for their representative diversity in pathophysiological stress (ischemic, degenerative, and mechanical), NeuN downregulation may reflect functional compromise, stress responses, or reversible transcriptional changes rather than irreversible cell loss. These findings highlight the limitations of interpreting NeuN negativity as neuronal death. This review synthesizes recent findings on NeuN expression patterns, molecular mechanisms regulating its presence or absence, and the implications for research and diagnosis. We propose that NeuN should not be regarded as a binary marker but rather as a dynamic indicator of neuronal state. Multi-marker strategies and molecular tools such as spatial transcriptomics and RNA sequencing are suggested to improve the resolution of neuronal analysis. As histological and transcriptomic approaches converge, NeuN’s role will likely expand from a structural identifier to a contextual readout of neuronal integrity and function
Calidad de Experiencia (QoE): generalidades y casos de estudio
No full textSesión formativa sobre el concepto de Calidad de Experiencia (Quality of Experience, QoE) en servicios multimedia transmitidos a través de redes de telecomunicaciones